r

Modification of capital letter R by not closing the bottom of the loop but continuing into the leg to save a pen stroke, later shortening the right leg into a simple arc.

• ꝛ (archaic)

r (upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter R):  Ŕŕ  Řř  Ṙṙ  Ŗŗ  Ȑȑ  Ȓȓ  Ṛṛ  Ṝṝ  Ṟṟ  Ɍɍ  Ɽɽ  ᵲ  ᶉ  ɼ  ɾ  ᵳ  Ʀʀ  Ｒｒ
• (select symbols) ® ℝ ɻ r̃
• (other scripts) Cyrillic р (r) я (ja), Greek ρ (r, “rho”), Hebrew ר‎ (r, “resh”), Hangeul ㄹ (r, “rieul”)
• dog's letter

• IPA

  (file)

r

1. Abbreviation of ronto-.
2. (engineering, geometry) radius
3. (IPA) alveolar trill
4. (phonetics) used in several romanization systems of non-Latin scripts to represent an various other rhotic sounds (/r/).
   1. Romanization of the Hebrew ר‎ (“reish”, “resh”, “rēš”) in the Common Israeli, Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006), and ISO 259 transliteration schemes
   2. Romanization of the Hebrew רּ‎ (“reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq”) in the Common Israeli transliteration scheme

• (Romanization of רּ, “reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq”): rr (in the Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006) and ISO 259 transliteration schemes)

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of R, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase R in Fraktur

Other representations of R:

Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚱ, the Old English letter replaced by Latin r

Old English lower case letter r, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case r of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚱ.

• (letter name):

  (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɑː(ɹ)/

  (General American) IPA^(key): /ɑɹ/

  (Ireland) IPA^(key): /ɔːɹ/

  (AAVE) IPA^(key): /ˈɑɹə/

  Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

• (phoneme): (non-rhotic) IPA^(key): /ɹ/ or a lengthening of the previous vowel, (rhotic) IPA^(key): /ɹ/

  Audio (UK)

  (file)

  Audio (US)

  (file)

r (lower case, upper case R, plural rs or r's)

1. The eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The ordinal number eighteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

From are, pronounced like the name of the letter r.

r

1. (abbreviation, slang, text messaging, Internet) are (in text messaging and internet conversations)

   How r u — “How are you?”

Abbreviations.

r

1. (stenoscript) the sound sequence /ɑr/, including the verb are
2. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of her and inflection hers.
3. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of our, inflection ours, and homophone hour.

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

r lower case (upper case R)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): /ere/, [e̞.re̞]

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛr
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛr/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• bekakte r

• Previous letter: q
• Next letter: s

• 'r

The actual reading of this word is uncertain, as it is always written as an ideogram, but evidence from Coptic suggests the original was rꜣ. The extension in meaning to ‘part, piece, fraction’ might be either by way of a mouthful being used as a standard share in some distribution of food or goods,[1] or else extended from its meaning of ‘opening’ > ‘division’.

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: er
• (modern Egyptological, US) IPA^(key): /ɝ/

 m

1. opening, division
2. mouth (of humans or animals)
   • Stela of Hekaib, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, AP 78:

     jnk nḏs jqr ḏd m r(ꜣ).f

     I was an excellent individual, one who spoke with his own mouth.

3. (figuratively, chiefly in titles) speaker, mouthpiece
4. utterance, statement
5. (rare) language, manner of speech
6. bodily orifice, opening of the human body in general, including eyes, ears, nostrils, the vulva, and open wounds
7. entrance to a building, doorway
8. entrance to a land or place in general
9. mouth of a river
10. (especially in compounds) place or thing seen as an opening from one point to another, passage, thoroughfare
11. a measure of volume equivalent to ¹⁄₃₂ of a hnw or ¹⁄₃₂₀ of a ḥqꜣt (about 15 millilitres); mouthful
12. part, piece, fraction
13. (mathematics) used as a numerator of 1 in fractions, literally “piece of (the denominator)”.
    • 12th Dynasty, Siut Tomb I, 285, published in Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, The inscriptions of Siûṭ and Dêr Rîfeh:

      r(ꜣ) ḫmtw-št sjsjw

      ¹⁄₃₆₀

In the sense of ‘mouth’ the plural is rare, as the singular is usually used even in reference to the mouths of multiple people.

• Demotic: rꜣ
  • Coptic: ⲣⲟ (ro) (Sahidic, Bohairic, Akhmimic), ⲗⲁ (la) (Fayyumic)

Possibly cognate to Hebrew אֶל‎ (ʾel, “to, at”), Arabic إِلَى‎ (ʾilā, “to, until, near”).[4]

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: er
• (modern Egyptological, US) IPA^(key): /ɝ/

1. regarding, with respect to, concerning, according to
2. in order to, for (the purpose of)
3. (with following infinitive) forms the periphrastic prospective of a verb
4. (with verbs of motion, of places) to, towards
5. (in adverbial sentences, of places, roles, or functions) headed for, destined for, bound for
6. (of time) at, in, on
7. against, in opposition to
8. from, apart from (ablative)
9. (after an adjective or adverb, forming the comparative) than, by comparison to
10. (generally in sentence-initial form jr) introduces the protasis of a conditional sentence; if, when, as
11. (with a verb in the terminative as object) until

• Coptic: ⲉ- (e-), ⲉⲣⲟ⸗ (ero⸗)

 enclitic

1. (with attached suffix pronoun) so, regarding (that, you, me, etc.), as for (that, you, me, etc.)

This usage is distinguished from the preposition by the fact that it occurs as the enclitic second element in a clause instead of at the end of a clause, as is otherwise the case with prepositional phrases.

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 386.6–388.10, 389.1–392.9
• Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 145
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 71, 87, 118, 170, 179–180, 196, 410–411 page 65, 71, 87, 118, 170, 179–180, 196, 410–411.
• Gardiner, Alan (1957) Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, third edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 429
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 42

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ro/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /r/

• Audio

  (file)

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ro and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z

• IPA^(key): /ˈerː/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

• IPA^(key): /ɹ/

r (upper case R)

1. The twentieth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bókstavur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, Y y, Ý ý, Æ æ, Ø ø

• Audio

  (file)

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called är or er and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛʁ/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• IPA^(key): /ɾ/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

r

1. Romanization of 𐍂

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈr]
• (letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈɛrː]

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

• r in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

• (context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɾ/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɾe/

r (upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

r f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case R)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

• IPA^(key): [ɾ]

R

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

• Letters of the Latvian alphabet:

  burti: Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

r (upper case R)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) kēratēḑ; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, Ḑ ḑ, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): /r/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

r (r⁵ / r⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄖ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 兒, 儿.

• Wenlin Pinyin dictionary
• erhua on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ærː/, /æɾː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /r/, /ɾ/, /ʁ/

• Audio

  (file)

r

1. The eighteenth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• /ʁ/ is the pronunciation of r usually found in southern and southeastern dialects of Norway. Bergen has the dialect best known for this sound. Said to come from Danish and/or German, originally from French.
• Dialects with /ʁ/ do not have retroflex consonants.

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɾ/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twentieth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/

• Audio

  (file)

r (upper case R, lower case)

1. The twenty-third letter of the Polish alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u (V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

• r in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• r in Polish dictionaries at PWN

• Audio (BR)

  (file)

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à,  â, àã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): /r/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. (International Standard) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The twenty-third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “R, r”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, OCLC 1267332830, page 14

• IPA^(key): /r/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called er, re, or rî and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ă ă,  â, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Πî, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Ș ș, T t, Ț ț, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• (uppercase) R

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

r (Cyrillic spelling р)

1. The 23rd letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by p and followed by s.

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

r (upper case R)

1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

• IPA^(key): (phoneme) /ɾ/, /r/
• IPA^(key): (letter name) /ˈere/ [ˈe.re]

  • Audio (Spain)

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -ere

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• media r

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɾ/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Turkish alphabet, called re and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

r (upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɾ/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɾí/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called rí and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y

• As used in Benin: (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z