n

n (upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
2. in Romanization:
   1. of the Hebrew נ \ ן‎ (“nun”, “nūn”) in the Common Israeli, Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006), and ISO 259 transliteration schemes
   2. of the Hebrew נּ‎ (“nun”, “nūn ḥāzāq”) in the Common Israeli transliteration scheme

• (Romanization of נּ, “nun”, “nūn ḥāzāq”): nn (in the Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006) and ISO 259 transliteration schemes)

• Ŋ (eng)
• Ν (nu)
• Н (en)

• n on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• IPA

  (file)

n

1. (IPA) voiced alveolar nasal.
2. (statistics) Sample size.
3. (physics) neutron
4. (mathematics) An arbitrary natural number.

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of N, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase N in Fraktur

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter N):  Ńń  Ǹǹ  Ňň  Ññ  Ṅṅ  Ņņ  Ṇṇ  Ṋṋ  Ṉṉ  N̈n̈  Ɲɲ  Ƞƞ  ᵰ  ᶇ  ɳ  ȵ  ɴ  Ｎｎ  Ŋŋ  NJNjnj  NJNjnj
• Preceded by apostrophe: 'n
• Hiragana: ん
• な (na), に (ni), ぬ (nu), ね (ne), の (no)

Other representations of N:

• Alveolar nasal on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛn/

  • Audio (US)

    (file)

  • Audio (UK)

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -ɛn
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /n/

n (lower case, upper case N, plural ns or n's)

1. The fourteenth letter of the English alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The ordinal number fourteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.

• n. (noun; neuter [gender]; north)
• N (north)

n

1. north
2. (grammar) noun
3. (grammar) neuter gender
4. (organic chemistry) normal
5. Neutral
6. No
7. Shortening of and, used in set phrases like rock-n-roll.

Abbreviations.

n

1. (stenoscript) the sound sequence /ɛn/.
2. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of in.
3. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of no, inflections none, nor, not, neither, and homophone know.

n

1. Alternative form of ãn

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /n/

n lower case (upper case N)

1. The twentieth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

n

1. I

• IPA^(key): /ene/, [e̞.ne̞]

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called ene and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

n

1. Alternative spelling of N

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛn
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛn/

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• Previous letter: m
• Next letter: o

• 'n

Cognate with Central Atlas Tamazight ⵏ (n, “of”) and Proto-Semitic *lV-, whence Hebrew לְ־ (lə-, “to, for, of”) and Arabic لِـ (li-, “to, for, belonging to”).[1]

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: en

1. to, for (dative)
2. in the direction of, towards
3. (of time) for, until
4. because of
5. used idiomatically with certain verbs

Before a noun it can be written thus:

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of n  

nj

This should not be confused with the negative particle, which is written identically.

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: en

1. Abbreviation of nj (“of, belonging to (genitival adjective)”).

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: en

 pl 1. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

1. we, us (see usage notes)

This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:

• When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
• In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
• When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
• When it follows an imperative, it indicates the object of the verb.
• When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
• When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 51, 86–87, 90–91, 117–118, 127 page 43, 51, 86–87, 90–91, 117–118, 127.
• Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 124
• Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 77

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /no/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /n/

• Audio

  (file)

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called no and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z

• IPA^(key): /ˈenː/

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called enn and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

• IPA^(key): /n/

n (upper case N)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bókstavur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, Y y, Ý ý, Æ æ, Ø ø

• IPA^(key): /ˈæn/, [ˈæn]
• IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n] (dated)

• Audio:

  (file)

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called än or en and written in the Latin script.

n

1. ladies (used to mark toilets and similar installations to be for women only)

   Synonyms: naiset, (rare) rouvat

   Antonyms: m, miehet, (rare) herrat

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛn/

• Audio

  (file)

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
   • 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche‎^{fr.Wikisource}, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:

     Avec ces propos et d’autres semblables, le pauvre gentilhomme perdait le jugement. Il passait les nuits et se donnait la torture pour les comprendre, pour les approfondir, pour leur tirer le sens des entrailles, ce qu’Aristote lui-même n’aurait pu faire, s’il fût ressuscité tout exprès pour cela.

     With these passages and other similar ones, the poor gentleman lost his judgement. He spent his nights and tortured himself to understand them, to consider them more deeply, to take from them their deepest meaning, which Aristotle himself would not have been able to do, had he been resurrected for that very purpose.

• IPA^(key): /n/

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

• Audio

  (file)

n

1. Nonstandard form of 'n.
   • 1984, Wolfdietrich Schnurre, Ein Unglücksfall: Roman, page 172:

     „Hat uns vorhin so n Mensch von der Dingsbums gebracht.“ „Von der Kultusgemeinde.“ Avrom hebt zwinkernd die Augen vom Buch; er lächelt. Muß ne anrührende Stelle gewesen sein, was er da grade liest. „Was heißt ‚so n Mensch‘.“

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 1999, Regula Schmidlin, Wie Deutschschweizer Kinder schreiben und erzählen lernen:

     […] also die Geschichte hab ich genannt (äh) die Froschsuche weil da war so n Junge und mit em Hund und die haben dauernd ihren Frosch immer angeguckt im Wasser und dann einmal in der Nacht is er weggehüpft […]

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 2012, Gustav Falke, Die Kinder Aus Ohlsens Gang, page 92:

     »Wenn ick de jungen Lüd nich harr und de Kinner – so n Mann, Herr Lehrer, so n Mann! aber ick hev en nu. He schall mi mol Muck seggn. Rut smiet ick em.« »Das lassen Sie nur lieber nach, Frau Krahnstöver. […] «

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 2014, Manuel Mayer, Schwule Akten: Fußballstar und Tennisprofi geoutet (Himmelstürmer Verlag), page 58:

     Und da Sex Sponsoren anzieht, würde so n Kerl ein so großes Medienecho hervorrufen, sodass wir noch Jahrhunderte davon hören würden ...

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

n

1. Romanization of 𐌽

From African origin. Cognate with Kabuverdianu n.

n

1. I (first person singular)

Contraction of nou, from French nous.

• IPA^(key): /n/

n

1. Contraction of nou.

n

1. I

• Jef Verschueren, Pragmatics at Issue: Selected Papers (1991, →ISBN
• Bernard Comrie, Maria Polinsky, Causatives and Transitivity (1993, →ISBN, page 317: Haruai has a serial verb construction, in which all verbs but the last take no inflections whatsoever (the only instance in Haruai where a verb can appear inflectionless), as in (3): n dw röbö p-n-a I go water get-FUT(-1SG)-DEC

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈn]
• (letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈɛnː]

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called enn and written in the Latin script.
2. character as a unit of measurement (one of the basic elements making up a text file or string)

   Synonyms: karakter, leütés, betűhely

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

• n in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛnː/

n (upper case N)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

• (context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /n/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ne/

n (upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• (context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /n/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛn/

n (upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) huruf; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

From English n (“shortening of and”).

n

1. (text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of dan.

• dn

n f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case N)

1. The twelfth letter of the Italian alphabet, called enne and written in the Latin script.

n

1. Rōmaji transcription of ん
2. Rōmaji transcription of ン

From African origin.

n

1. I (first person singular)

From Proto-Berber *n, from Proto-Afroasiatic. Cognate with Central Atlas Tamazight ⵏ (n), see there for more.

n

1. of, genitive preposition

   azemz n tlalit

   date of birth

2. used between a numeral and a noun

   Ttmeslayeɣ snat n tutlayin.

   I speak two languages.

   (literally, “I-speak two of languages”)

3. used before a year

   di useggas n 2021

   in 2021

   (literally, “in year of 2021”)

n • (en)

1. Alternative spelling of N (en).

n

1. a (+ masculine noun)

• na
• n'

• IPA^(key): /n/, [n̩˧]

n

1. OK

• Mark Wannemacher (2011) A phonological overview of the Lacid language‎, Chiang Mai: Payap University., page 11

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

• IPA^(key): [n]

N

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Latvian alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.

• Letters of the Latvian alphabet:

  burti: Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /n/

n (upper case N)

1. The twentieth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) kēratēḑ; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, Ḑ ḑ, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): /n/
• IPA^(key): /m/ (by assimilation to a following labial)
• IPA^(key): /n/, [ŋ] (by assimilation to a following velar)

n (upper case N)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

n

1. Nonstandard spelling of ń.
2. Nonstandard spelling of ň.
3. Nonstandard spelling of ǹ.

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /enː/, /ɛnː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /n/, (in rn) /ɳ/, (in ng and nk) /ŋ/

• Audio

  (file)

n

1. The fourteenth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /n/, IPA^(key): /ŋ/, IPA^(key): / ̃/

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

• IPA^(key): /ɛn/

n (upper case N, lower case)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Polish alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u (V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

• n in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• n in Polish dictionaries at PWN

• Audio (BR)

  (file)

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à,  â, àã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• nn

n

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of não (“not”).

   eu n sei

   I don't know

n m (invariable)

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of não (“no”).

n

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of não (“no”).

• IPA^(key): /n/

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. (International Standard) The eighteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The nineteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

• IPA^(key): /n/

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called en, ne, or nî and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ă ă,  â, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Πî, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Ș ș, T t, Ț ț, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• n', 'n

• IPA^(key): /ən/
• Hyphenation: n

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

n

1. unstressed form of aan, een; a, an

• When followed by an adjective and modifying a feminine noun, the form ne may be used.

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

n

1. unstressed form of dän

• Marron C. Fort (2015) Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN, page 779

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /n/

n (Cyrillic spelling н)

1. The 19th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet, preceded by m and followed by nj.

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /n/

n (upper case N)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

• IPA^(key): (phoneme) /n/
• IPA^(key): (letter name) /ˈene/ [ˈe.ne]
  • (Castilian)

    Audio

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -ene

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Letter

• IPA^(key): /ʔen/, [ʔen] (in Filipino alphabet)
• IPA^(key): /na/, [nɐ] (in Abakada alphabet)

Phoneme

• IPA^(key): /n/, [n]

n (upper case K, lower case k)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet, called en or na and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

n

1. (text messaging) Alternative spelling of na

n (lower case, upper case N)

1. The seventeenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ne and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z