d
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Translingual
Etymology 1
Modification of capital letter D, from Ancient Greek letter Δ (D, “Delta”).
Usage notes
The letter d is used in the alphabets of many languages, and in several romanization systems of non-Latin scripts to represent the voiced alveolar or dental plosive (/d/). In some languages and transcription systems, d may also represent other sounds, such as /t/ or /ð/.
See also
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter D): Ďď Ḋḋ Ḑḑ Ḍḍ Ḓḓ Ḏḏ Đđ D̦d̦ Ɖɖ Ɗɗ Ƌƌ ᵭ ᶁ ᶑ ȡ ᴅ Dd ȸ DZDzdz DZDzdz DŽDždž DŽDždž
- (select similar letters and symbols) ∂ ₫ ð
- (other scripts) δ (d), д (d), ד, د (d)
- See Appendix:Variations of "d"
Etymology 2
Lower case form of upper case roman numeral D, a standardization of D or Ð, from tally stick markings resembling a superimposed Ɔ and ⋌, from the practice of encircling each hundredth ⋌ notch.
Usage notes
With a bar over the numeral, i.e., as d, it represents five hundred thousand (500,000).
See also
- Lesser roman numeral symbol: c (“100”)
- Greater roman numeral symbol: m (“1000”)
- Roman numerals
Pronunciation
IPA (file)
Symbol
d
Gallery
English
Etymology 1

Old English lower case letter d, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case d of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛞ.
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /diː/
- Rhymes: -iː
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /d/
Audio (US) (file) Audio (UK) (file)
Letter
See also
Derived terms
Number
d (lower case, upper case D)
Etymology 2
Abbreviations.
- (British penny; old penny): abbreviation of Latin denarii, the name of the corresponding Roman coin.
- (dice): abbreviation of dice
d
Adverb
d
Albanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d(ə)/
Letter
d (d) (upper case D, lower case d)
- The 5th letter of the Standard Albanian Latin-script alphabet.
- The 7th letter of the Arvanitic Albanian Greek-script alphabet.
See also
- (Greek script letters) Α α, Β β, Ƃ ƅ, Γ γ, Γj γj, Δ δ, D d, Ε ε, Ε̱ ε̱, Ζ ζ, Ζ̇ ζ̇, Θ θ, Ι ι, J j, Κ κ, Κ̇ κ̇, Λ λ, ΛΛ λλ, Λ̇ λ̇, Μ μ, Ν ν, Ν̇ ν̇, Ο ο, Π π, Ρ ρ, Ρ̇ ρ̇, Σ σ, Σ̈ σ̈, Τ τ, Ȣ ȣ, Υ υ, Φ φ, Χ χ, Χ̇ χ̇, ΤΣ τσ, ΤΣ̈ τσ̈, DΣ dσ, DΣ̈ dσ̈
- (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
Alemannic German
Article
d f
- (definite) the
- 1978, Rolf Lyssey and Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript):
- Di nöchscht rächts. Mir fared i d’Fäldschtrass.
- The next right. We'll drive down Feldstrasse.
- Di nöchscht rächts. Mir fared i d’Fäldschtrass.
- 1978, Rolf Lyssey and Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript):
d pl
- (definite) the
Declension
Alemannic German definite articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative/Accusative | de dr (Bern) |
d | s ds (Bern) |
d |
Dative | em | der | em | de |
- Masculine nominative/accusative singular de has the form der before a vowel, e.g. der alt Maa ‘the old man’
- Dative plural de has the form den before a vowel, e.g. den alte Fraue ‘(to) the old women’
- Feminine singular d and plural d have the variant di before an adjective, e.g. di jung Mueter ‘the young mother’
Chinese
Etymology 1
For pronunciation and definitions of d – see 啲 (“a few; a little bit; some; a bit; a bit more; etc.”). (This character, d, is a variant form of 啲.) |
Etymology 2
From English differentiate or the differentiation symbol d.
Pronunciation
Related terms
- in (in1, “to integrate”)
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -eː
- (letter name): IPA(key): /deː/
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /do/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /d/
Audio (file) - Homophone (letter name): do (“so, therefore”)
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t/
Finnish
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdeː/, [ˈde̞ː] (name of letter)
Audio: (file)
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
Usage notes
- Used only in loanwords except for the weak grade of t.
See also
Etymology 2
Usage notes
Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.
Declension
Declension of d (type maa)
|
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /de/
Audio (file)
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
- The fourth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Volume I, Chapter II:
- [À] peine les petits oiseaux nuancés de mille couleurs avaient-ils salué des harpes de leurs langues, dans une douce et mielleuse harmonie, la venue de l’aurore au teint de rose, ... que le fameux chevalier don Quichotte de la Manche ... prit sa route à travers l’antique et célèbre plaine de Montiel.
- [S]carce had the little birds shaded of a thousand colours hailed from the harps of their tongues, in a soft and mellifluous harmony, the coming of the pink-tinted dawn, ... when the famous knight Don Quixote of La Mancha ... took his route across the ancient and famous Campo de Montiel.
-
Fula
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/
Gothic
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈd]
- (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈdeː]
Audio (file)
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | d | d-k |
accusative | d-t | d-ket |
dative | d-nek | d-knek |
instrumental | d-vel | d-kkel |
causal-final | d-ért | d-kért |
translative | d-vé | d-kké |
terminative | d-ig | d-kig |
essive-formal | d-ként | d-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | d-ben | d-kben |
superessive | d-n | d-ken |
adessive | d-nél | d-knél |
illative | d-be | d-kbe |
sublative | d-re | d-kre |
allative | d-hez | d-khez |
elative | d-ből | d-kből |
delative | d-ről | d-kről |
ablative | d-től | d-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
d-é | d-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
d-éi | d-kéi |
Possessive forms of d | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | d-m | d-im |
2nd person sing. | d-d | d-id |
3rd person sing. | d-je | d-i |
1st person plural | d-nk | d-ink |
2nd person plural | d-tek | d-itek |
3rd person plural | d-jük | d-ik |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Further reading
- (sound and letter): d in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (musical note and its key/position): d in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- d in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- (letter name) IPA(key): /tjɛː/
Ido
Indonesian
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
Italian
Kabyle
Etymology
From Proto-Berber *d. Cognate with Central Atlas Tamazight ⴷ (d).
Particle
d
- proximal particle; suffixed onto verbs to indicate a direction towards an inferred reference point
Latvian
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [d]
(file) |
Livonian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /d̪/
Lushootseed
Malay
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
Maltese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/
- IPA(key): /t/ (per final devoicing or assimilation to a following voiceless obstruent)
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
Norwegian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /deː/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /d/, (in rd) /ɖ/
Audio (file)
Norwegian Bokmål
Pronunciation
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
Letter
d (upper case D, definite singular d-en, indefinite plural d-ar, definite plural d-ane)
Etymology 2
- (det): abbreviation
- (død): abbreviation
Romani
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Skolt Sami
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /d/
Slovene
Etymology 1
From Gaj's Latin alphabet d, from Czech alphabet d, from Latin d, which is a modification of capital letter D, from Ancient Greek letter Δ (D, “Delta”). Pronunciation as IPA(key): /də/ is initial Slovene (phoneme plus a fill vowel) and the second pronunciation is probably taken from German d.
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /d/, [p]
- (letter name): IPA(key): /də́/, /dèː/, /déː/
Audio (letter name, non-tonal) (file) - Rhymes: -ə, -eː
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
Inflection
- Overall more common
Masculine inan., soft o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | d | ||
gen. sing. | d-ja | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
d | d-ja | d-ji |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
d-ja | d-jev | d-jev |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
d-ju | d-jema | d-jem |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
d | d-ja | d-je |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
d-ju | d-jih | d-jih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
d-jem | d-jema | d-ji |
- More common when with a definite adjective
Masculine inan., no endings | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | d | ||
gen. sing. | d | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | d | d | d |
accusative | d | d | d |
genitive | d | d | d |
dative | d | d | d |
locative | d | d | d |
instrumental | d | d | d |
Etymology 2
From da with the same meaning, from Proto-Slavic *da, from Proto-Indo-European *doh₂, which is pronoun Proto-Indo-European *de-, Proto-Indo-European *do- 'this' in lative case. Simplification occurred due to modern vowel reduction as the final /a/ reduced to /ə/.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /də́/
Audio (non-tonal) (file) - Rhymes: -ə
Conjunction
d
- (colloquial) that, so that, so
- 2007 October 11, “Športna medicina: forum”, in The nutriitiion.com:
- ko treniraš s prevelikimi težami si rekel d se rast ustavi, ker telo vso enrgijo porab za mišice, kaj pa če s tem prenehaš a pol se rast spet začne?
- When you are training with too heavy weights, you said that the growth stops because the body uses all the energy for the muscles, but what if you stop doing it, does the growth begin again?
-
See also
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (phoneme) /d/, [ð̞]
- IPA(key): (letter name) /ˈde/ [ˈd̪e]
- (Castilian)
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -e
- (Castilian)
Swedish
Tagalog
Pronunciation 1
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /d/
- (letter: modern alphabet) IPA(key): /di/, [dɪ]
- (letter: Abakada) IPA(key): /da/, [dɐ]
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
See also
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /diʔ/, [dɪʔ]
Turkish
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): (north) IPA(key): /z/, (south) IPA(key): /j/
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (standard) IPA(key): /diː/
- (informal) IPA(key): /də/
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
Mutation
- d at the beginning of words mutates to dd in a soft mutation, to n in a nasal mutation and is unchanged by aspirate mutation, for example with the word draig (“dragon”):
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
draig | ddraig | nraig | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), chapter D, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Yoruba
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
- As used in Benin: (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
Zulu
Letter
d (lower case, upper case D)