st
See also: Appendix:Variations of "st"
Translingual
English
Etymology 1
Imitative. Compare hist.
Interjection
st
- Expressing a sudden desire for silence.
Translations
Etymology 2
Abbreviations.
Noun
st (plural sts)
- Abbreviation of street. (Usually as “st.” Also as “st”. Sometimes capitalized.)
- Abbreviation of Saint. (Always capitalized.)
- Abbreviation of state.
- Abbreviation of stone. (Not capitalized or usually spaced.)
- 1992 October 3, Edwina Currie, Diary:
- Abbreviation of store.
- (knitting) Abbreviation of stitch.
- 1998, Kristin Nicholas, Knitting the New Classics (page 63)
- insert right-hand needle bet 2 sts just knitted
- 2009, Sally Muir, Joanna Osborne, Diana Miller, Pet Projects: The Animal Knits Bible (page 71)
- Knit 1 row. Dec 1 st at each end of next row and at each end of every foll alt row until 2 sts rem.
- 2011, Barb Brown, Knitting Knee-Highs: Sock Styles from Classic to Contemporary (page 55)
- Change to larger needles and knit 1 rnd in CC, inc 3 (4, 5) sts evenly […]
- 1998, Kristin Nicholas, Knitting the New Classics (page 63)
Derived terms
Translations
street
saint
state
store
Etymology 3
st
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of sit, sat, set
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of satisfy and related forms of that word (satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory, satisfactorily, satisfaction, etc.)
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /sɛt/
- Conventional anglicization: set
Pronoun
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c pl or f sg 3. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
Usage notes
By the time of Late Egyptian, this pronoun in the singular was no longer strictly feminine but common to both genders, as it had entirely merged with the masculine equivalent sw through sound change.
This form of pronoun is an enclitic that must directly follow the word it modifies. Its meaning depends on its context:
- When it follows a verb, it indicates the object of the verb.
- In the second and third person when it follows an adjective, it forms the subject of an adjectival sentence.
- When it follows a relative adjective, such as ntj, ntt, or jsṯ, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (usually only in the first person singular and third person common).
- When it follows an imperative, it indicates the object of the verb.
- When it follows a particle like m.k, it indicates the subject of the clause.
- When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.
Inflection
Old Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kj1 |
.ṯ, .ṯn |
.f, .fj1 |
.s, .sj1 |
dual | .nj |
.ṯnj |
.snj | |||
plural | .n |
.ṯn |
.sn | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | w, wj, wy |
kw, k, ṯw, ṯ |
ṯm, ṯn |
sw, s |
s |
dual | — |
ṯnj |
snj | |||
plural | n |
ṯn |
sn | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
ṯwt |
ṯmt |
swt |
stt |
dual | — |
— |
ntsnj | |||
plural | — |
ntṯn |
ntsn, jntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kj, .k |
.tj, .t |
∅, .j |
.tj, .t | |
dual | — | .tjwn |
.wy, .wj |
.ty | ||
plural | .wn, .nw |
∅, .w, .y, .wy |
.tj, .t | |||
|
Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kj1 |
.ṯ, .t |
.f, .fj1 |
.s, .sj1 |
dual2 | .nj |
.ṯnj, .tnj |
.snj | |||
plural | .n |
.ṯn, .tn |
.sn, .w3 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | wj, w |
ṯw, tw |
ṯn, tn |
sw, st |
sj, s, st |
plural | n |
ṯn, tn |
sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
ntk, ṯwt2 |
ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 |
ntf, swt2 |
nts, swt2 |
plural | jnn3 |
ntṯn, nttn |
ntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kw |
.tj, .t, .tw3 |
∅, .w |
.tj, .t, .tw3 | |
plural | .wn, .wjn |
.tjwn, .tjwnj |
∅, .w, .y | |||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 | singular | tw.j |
tw.k |
tw.t |
sw |
sj, st |
plural | tw.n |
tw.tn |
st | |||
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Late Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kw |
.t |
.f, .fj |
.s, .st, .sw |
plural | .n |
.tn, .twn |
.w, .sn1 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 | singular | wj |
tw, tj |
sw, st | ||
plural | n, wn |
twn |
sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
mntk, mtwk |
mntt, mtwy |
mntf |
mntst, mntjst |
plural | jnn |
mnttn |
mntw | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 | singular | .kw, .k |
.tj, .tw |
∅, .w, .y |
.tj, .tw | |
plural | .nw |
.tn |
∅, .w, .y | |||
unmarked (later) | ∅, .tw | |||||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns | singular | tw.j |
tw.k |
tw.t |
sw |
st, sw |
plural | tw.n |
tw.tn |
st, sw, swt | |||
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Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of st
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st | st | st | |||||||
Optional plural writing, later also for the singular by confusion with the plural |
Optional plural writing |
For variant forms after this pronoun merged with sw, see that entry.
Usage notes
This form of pronoun is a proclitic that must stand at the beginning of a sentence (generally adverbial) and cannot come after any particles. It always indicates the subject of the sentence.
Inflection
Old Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kj1 |
.ṯ, .ṯn |
.f, .fj1 |
.s, .sj1 |
dual | .nj |
.ṯnj |
.snj | |||
plural | .n |
.ṯn |
.sn | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | w, wj, wy |
kw, k, ṯw, ṯ |
ṯm, ṯn |
sw, s |
s |
dual | — |
ṯnj |
snj | |||
plural | n |
ṯn |
sn | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
ṯwt |
ṯmt |
swt |
stt |
dual | — |
— |
ntsnj | |||
plural | — |
ntṯn |
ntsn, jntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kj, .k |
.tj, .t |
∅, .j |
.tj, .t | |
dual | — | .tjwn |
.wy, .wj |
.ty | ||
plural | .wn, .nw |
∅, .w, .y, .wy |
.tj, .t | |||
|
Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kj1 |
.ṯ, .t |
.f, .fj1 |
.s, .sj1 |
dual2 | .nj |
.ṯnj, .tnj |
.snj | |||
plural | .n |
.ṯn, .tn |
.sn, .w3 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | wj, w |
ṯw, tw |
ṯn, tn |
sw, st |
sj, s, st |
plural | n |
ṯn, tn |
sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
ntk, ṯwt2 |
ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 |
ntf, swt2 |
nts, swt2 |
plural | jnn3 |
ntṯn, nttn |
ntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kw |
.tj, .t, .tw3 |
∅, .w |
.tj, .t, .tw3 | |
plural | .wn, .wjn |
.tjwn, .tjwnj |
∅, .w, .y | |||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 | singular | tw.j |
tw.k |
tw.t |
sw |
sj, st |
plural | tw.n |
tw.tn |
st | |||
|
Late Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kw |
.t |
.f, .fj |
.s, .st, .sw |
plural | .n |
.tn, .twn |
.w, .sn1 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 | singular | wj |
tw, tj |
sw, st | ||
plural | n, wn |
twn |
sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
mntk, mtwk |
mntt, mtwy |
mntf |
mntst, mntjst |
plural | jnn |
mnttn |
mntw | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 | singular | .kw, .k |
.tj, .tw |
∅, .w, .y |
.tj, .tw | |
plural | .nw |
.tn |
∅, .w, .y | |||
unmarked (later) | ∅, .tw | |||||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns | singular | tw.j |
tw.k |
tw.t |
sw |
st, sw |
plural | tw.n |
tw.tn |
st, sw, swt | |||
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Alternative forms
See under the enclitic pronoun above.
Noun
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f
- throne of the king or of a god seen as a king [since the Pyramid Texts]
- seat of the dead in the heavens or in the sun-god’s barque
- palace of the king
- residence
- household
- administrative office
- (with a god’s name) temple or home of a god in the sky or duat
- grave
- building
- place, location
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 153–154:
- ḫpr js jwd.k tw r st pn nj zp mꜣ.k jw pn ḫpr(.w) m nwy
- When your parting from this place comes to pass, you will never again see this island, which will have turned into water.
- position or rank
- rightful place or seat
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 22–23:
- šfyt ḥtp.n.s st.s fꜣw mn(.w) r hpw.f
- Dignity, it has taken its seat, and magnificence is established according to his laws.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of st
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[Pyramid Texts] | [later] | [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [since the Middle Kingdom] | [Middle and New Kingdom] | [Middle and New Kingdom] |
Descendants
- Coptic: ⲥⲉ- in ⲥⲉⲙⲓⲥⲓ (“birthing stool”)
- Greek: -σης in νεφερσης (nephersēs, “byname of Isis”)
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 116 page 51, 116.
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
- Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 77
Latin
References
- “st”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “st”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
Swedish
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