行
See also: 彳亍
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Translingual
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Han character
行 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹人一一弓 (HOMMN), four-corner 21221, composition ⿰彳亍)
- Kangxi radical #144, ⾏.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №37
Usage notes
行 itself is also used as a radical (in addition to 彳); unusually for radicals, the phonetic is placed in the middle – with 彳 on the left and 亍 on the right – corresponding to the phonetic originally being placed at the middle of the intersection.
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 1108, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34029
- Dae Jaweon: page 1570, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 811, character 6
- Unihan data for U+884C
- Unihan data for U+FA08
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
行 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 行 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) | ||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (行) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a street intersection.
Originally symmetric, it has been simplified asymmetrically; the left half 彳 is widely used as a radical, while the right half 亍 finds occasional use, and the character can be broken up as 彳 + 亍, though originally it was not a compound.
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
行
- (literary or dialectal) to walk
- 子曰：「三人行，必有我師焉。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Sān rén xíng, bì yǒu wǒ shī yān. Zé qí shàn zhě ér cóng zhī, qí bù shàn zhě ér gǎi zhī.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.”
子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Cantonese, of a vehicle) to go
- (Cantonese) to navigate
- (Cantonese, computing) to run
- to go; to move
- to carry out; to execute
- to perform (a salute)
- OK; good
- to be good; to work
- to be good (opposed to bad) (usually in negative sentences, or with 還)
- to be able to do something (usually mentioned before)
- (often sarcastic) remarkable
Usage notes
Notice that when meaning “be able to do something”, 行 can only be used without a complement. This is different from 能 (néng, “to be able to (do something)”).
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 走 (“to walk”) [map]
Compounds
Derived terms from 行
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
行
Compounds
Derived terms from 行
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Descendants
Others:
Pronunciation 3
Compounds
Derived terms from 行
Pronunciation 4
Pronunciation 5
Definitions
行
- order; rank
- † Used in 行行.
- Used in 樹行子／树行子.
References
- “行”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03699
- (Min Nan) “Entry #2617”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Readings
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ); compare Mandarin 行 (xíng):
- Go-on: ぎょう (gyō, Jōyō)←ぎやう (gyau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Tō-on: あん (an, Jōyō †)
- Sō-on: あん (an, Jōyō †)
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋH); compare Mandarin 行 (xìng):
- Go-on: ぎょう (gyō, Jōyō)←ぎやう (gyau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Tō-on: あん (an, Jōyō †)
- Sō-on: あん (an, Jōyō †)
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ); compare Mandarin 行 (háng):
- Go-on: ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ぎょう (gyō, Jōyō)←ぎやう (gyau, historical)
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋH); compare Mandarin 行 (hàng):
- Go-on: ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ぎょう (gyō, Jōyō)←ぎやう (gyau, historical)
From native Japanese roots:
- Kun: いく (iku, 行く, Jōyō); ゆく (yuku, 行く, Jōyō); おこなう (okonau, 行う, Jōyō)←おこなふ (okonafu, historical); おこなう (okonau, 行なう)←おこなふ (okonafu, historical); おこない (okonai, 行い)←おこなひ (okonafi, historical); くだり (kudari, 行); しぬ (shinu, 行ぬ); みち (michi, 行); やる (yaru, 行る)
- Nanori: あきら (akira); き (ki); たか (taka); つら (tsura); のり (nori); ひら (hira); みち (michi); もち (mochi); やす (yasu); ゆき (yuki)
Compounds
Derived terms
- 行間 (gyōkan)
- 旅行 (ryokō)
- 行政 (gyōsei)
- 発行 (hakkō)
- 進行 (shinkō)
- 実行 (jikkō)
- 流行 (ryūkō)
- 執行 (shikkō)
- 施行 (shikō)
- 平行四辺形 (heikō shihenkei)
- 善行 (zenkō)
- 洋行 (yōkō)
- 歩行 (hokō)
- 代行 (daikō)
- 品行 (hinkō)
- 行火 (anka, “heater”)
- 行脚 (angya, “pilgrimage”)
- 行灯 (andon, “lamp”)
- 行事 (gyōji, “event”)
- 行書 (gyōsho, “semicursive handwriting”)
- 行政 (gyōsei, “government”)
- 行人 (kōjin, “passer-by, traveler”)
- 行列 (gyōretsu, “matrix”)
- 旅行者 (ryokōsha)
- 走行 (sōkō)
- 貴行 (kikō)
- 孝行 (kōkō)
- 航行 (kōkō)
- 試行 (shikō)
- 試行錯誤 (shikō sakugo)
- 挙行 (kyokō)
- 専行 (senkō)
- 急行 (kyūkō)
- 励行 (reikō)
- 悪行 (akugyō)
- 不言実行 (fugenjikkō)
- 行政事件 (gyōseijiken)
- 強行 (kyōkō)
- 行使 (koushi, “execution”)
- 行方 (yukue, “whereabouts”)
- 通行人 (tsūkōnin, “passer-by”)
- 銀行 (ginkō, “bank”)
- 飛行 (hikō, “aviation”)
- 飛行機 (hikōki, “airplane, aircraft”)
- 飛行場 (hikōjō, “airfield, airport”)
- 行宮 (angū, “temporary residence of the Emperor”)
- 失行 (shikkō)
- 続行 (zokkō)
- 奇行 (kikō)
- 紀行 (kikō)
- 国事行為 (kokujikōi)
- 一目十行 (ichimoku jūgyō)
- 言行齟齬 (genkōsogo)
- 行く年 (ikutoshi)
- 九品の行業 (kuhon no gyōgō)
- 跂行喙息 (kikōkaisoku)
- 行革 (gyōkaku)
- 行為 (kōi)
- 行動 (kōdō)
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ). First cited in Buddhist texts of the early 600s.[1]
The goon pronunciation, so likely an earlier borrowing.
Noun
- [from late 1100s] a line of text
- [date uncertain] (mathematics) a row of a matrix
- [from 1177] (calligraphy) Abbreviation of 行書 (“semi-cursive script”).
- [from 1887] a row or column, such as in a table; more specifically, such a row or column in the gojūon table, which consists of kana that have or historically had the same initial consonant
- [from 830] (Buddhism) saṅkhāra: formations, mental activity; one of the 五蘊 (goun, “five skandhas”)
- [from early 600s] (Buddhism) caryā: austerities; practice or discipline for enlightenment (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- [date uncertain] (Buddhism) gamana: manner of going forward or walking (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Synonyms
- (formations): 行蘊 (gyōun)
See also
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, ɦˠæŋ, ɦɑŋH, ɦˠæŋH). First cited to 1275.[1]
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely the later borrowing.
Noun
- going; travelling (UK), traveling (US)
- type of classical Chinese verse (usually an epic)
- (archaic) merchant's association; guild
- bank (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Etymology 5
Various nanori readings.
References
- “行”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology 1
- “movement; going”
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋ, “walk; move”).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᆡᇰ (Yale: hhòyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 녈 ᄒᆡᇰ | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᇰ (hoyng) (Yale: hòyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
| Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 녈 ᄒᆡᆼ | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᆼ (hoyng) (Yale: hoyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
| Early Modern Korean | ||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | ᄃᆞᆫ닐 ᄒᆡᆼ | Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄒᆡᆼ (Yale: hoyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
- “behaviour; conduct”
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦˠæŋH, “behaviour”).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᆡᇰ〮 (Yale: hhóyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄒᆡᇰ〯뎍〮 ᄒᆡᇰ〯 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᇰ〯 (hǒyng) (Yale: hǒyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
| Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | ᄒᆡᆼ실 ᄒᆡᆼ | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᆼ ( hoyng) (Yale: hoyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
| Early Modern Korean | ||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | ᄒᆡᆼ실 ᄒᆡᆼ | Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄒᆡᆼ (Yale: hoyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
- “line; row”
- From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is ⦃⦃ko-l¦항⦄⦄ based on Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “row”).
- “place for specific transaction”
- From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is ⦃⦃ko-l¦항⦄⦄ based on Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “market”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [hɛŋ] ~ [he̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [행/헹]
Compounds
Compounds
- 시행 (施行, sihaeng)
- 관행 (慣行, gwanhaeng)
- 행위 (行爲, haeng'wi)
- 진행 (進行, jinhaeng)
- 수행 (遂行, suhaeng)
- 집행 (執行, jiphaeng)
- 행동 (行動, haengdong)
- 이행 (履行, ihaeng)
- 은행 (銀行, eunhaeng)
- 행태 (行態, haengtae)
- 행사 (行事, haengsa)
- 행정 (行政, haengjeong)
- 여행 (旅行, yeohaeng)
- 행사 (行使, haengsa)
- 만행 (蠻行, manhaeng)
- 자행 (恣行, jahaeng)
- 병행 (竝行, byeonghaeng)
- 운행 (運行, unhaeng)
- 발행 (發行, balhaeng)
- 강행 (強行, ganghaeng)
- 유행 (流行, yuhaeng)
- 폭행 (暴行, pokhaeng)
- 실행 (實行, silhaeng)
- 주행 (走行, juhaeng)
- 현행 (現行, hyeonhaeng)
- 행성 (行星, haengseong)
- 언행 (言行, eonhaeng)
- 성행 (盛行, seonghaeng)
- 행패 (行悖, haengpae)
- 단행 (斷行, danhaeng)
- 간행 (刊行, ganhaeng)
- 역행 (逆行, yeokhaeng)
- 대행 (代行, daehaeng)
- 감행 (敢行, gamhaeng)
- 연행 (連行, yeonhaeng)
- 행적 (行跡, haengjeok)
- 행실 (行實, haengsil)
- 수행 (隨行, suhaeng)
- 비행 (飛行, bihaeng)
- 선행 (善行, seonhaeng)
- 범행 (犯行, beomhaeng)
- 항행 (航行, hanghaeng)
- 행진 (行進, haengjin)
- 덕행 (德行, deokhaeng)
- 급행 (急行, geuphaeng)
- 통행 (通行, tonghaeng)
- 품행 (品行, pumhaeng)
- 보행 (步行, bohaeng)
- 행습 (行習, haengseup)
- 행보 (行步, haengbo)
- 행인 (行人, haeng'in)
- 행렬 (行列, haengnyeol)
- 거행 (擧行, geohaeng)
- 미행 (尾行, mihaeng)
- 추행 (醜行, chuhaeng)
- 흥행 (興行, heunghaeng)
- 선행 (先行, seonhaeng)
- 행방 (行方, haengbang)
- 서행 (徐行, seohaeng)
- 악행 (惡行, akhaeng)
- 기행 (紀行, gihaeng)
- 암행 (暗行, amhaeng)
- 평행 (平行, pyeonghaeng)
- 기행 (奇行, gihaeng)
- 퇴행 (退行, toehaeng)
- 난행 (難行, nanhaeng)
- 산행 (山行, sanhaeng)
- 직행 (直行, jikhaeng)
- 자행 (自行, jahaeng)
- 행군 (行軍, haenggun)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC ɦɑŋ, “row”).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᅡᇰ (Yale: hhàng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 져제〮 하ᇰ | Recorded as Middle Korean 하ᇰ (hang) (Yale: hàng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
| Early Modern Korean | ||
| Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
| Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 줄 행 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 항 (Yale: hang) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [항]
Hanja
Vietnamese
Han character
行: Hán Việt readings: hàng, hành, hãng, hạng, hạnh
行: Nôm readings: hàng, hành, hăng, ngành
Compounds
Derived terms
- 行客 (hành khách, “passenger”)
- 行李 (hành lý, “luggage/baggage”)
- 銀行 (ngân hàng, “bank”)
- 銀行𧖱 (ngân hàng máu, “blood bank”)
- 茹行 (nhà hàng, “restaurant, hotel”)
- 𨷶行 (cửa hàng, “shop/store”)
- 行客 (hành khách, “passenger”)
- 學行 (học hành, “(to) learn/study”)
- 執行 (chấp hành, “(to) implement, execute, carry out”)
- 行星 (hành tinh, “planet”)
- 行廊 (hành lang, “corridor/passage”)
- 舉行 (cử hành, “to celebrate/host (an event)”)
- 交行 (giao hàng, “to deliver goods”)
- 德行 (đức hạnh, “righteousness/good character”)
- 步行 (bộ hành, “pedestrian”)
- 行𡦂 (hàng chữ, “line of text”)
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