aba
Translingual
English
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Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /əˈbɑː/
- (General American) IPA(key): /əˈbɑ/
- Rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ɑː, (General American) -ɑ
Noun
aba (countable and uncountable, plural abas)
- A coarse, often striped, felted fabric from the Middle East, woven from goat or camel hair.
- A loose-fitting sleeveless garment, made from aba or silk, worn by Arabs. [First attested in the early 19th century.][1]
- 1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 5, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017, page 110:
- 'A pale mauve abba such as you buy in the East.'
- 1957, Lawrence Durrell, Justine:
- Here Nessim would sit night after night in the winter, dressed in his old rust-coloured abba, staring gravely at Betelgeuse, or hovering over books of calculations for all the world like a medieval soothsayer.
-
- An outer garment made of the above, very simple in form, worn by the Arabs of the desert. The illustration shows such an aba, made of two breadths of stuff sewed together to make an oblong about four by nine feet.
Synonyms
Translations
Etymology 2
- From the name of its creator, the French explorer A. T. d' Abbadie.
Pronunciation
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈæ.bə/
- Rhymes: -æbə
Noun
aba (plural abas)
- The electric fish Gymnarchus niloticus (frankfish, freshwater rat-tail, African knifefish), found in swamps, lakes and rivers in Africa.
References
- Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “aba”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 2.
Further reading
Aba in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
- 1889 Century Dictionary, volume 1 page 3
Akan
Pronunciation
- Tone: LH[1]
Derived terms
- wawa aba
References
- Kotey, Paul A. (1998). Twi-English/English-Twi Dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
- Christaller, Johann Gottlieb (1881), “aba”, in A Dictionary of the Asante and Fante Language Called Tshi (Chwee, Tw̌i), Basel, page 2
Albanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish عبا (abâ) (Turkish aba), from Arabic عَبَاءَة (ʿabāʾa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [aˈba]
Azerbaijani
Cyrillic | аба | |
---|---|---|
Perso-Arabic |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑˈbɑ/
Audio (Baku) (file) - Hyphenation: a‧ba
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *apa (“father”).
Noun
aba (definite accusative abanı, plural abalar)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Common Turkic *apa (“mother, elder sister, aunt”).
Noun
aba (definite accusative abanı, plural abalar)
- (Jabrayil, Qakh, Shamkir, Tabriz) mother
- Synonym: ana
- (dialectal) elder sister
- (dialectal) elder sister-in-law
Declension
Declension of aba | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | aba |
abalar | ||||||
definite accusative | abanı |
abaları | ||||||
dative | abaya |
abalara | ||||||
locative | abada |
abalarda | ||||||
ablative | abadan |
abalardan | ||||||
definite genitive | abanın |
abaların |
Possessive forms of aba | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abam | abalarım | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | aban | abaların | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abası | abaları | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamız | abalarımız | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanız | abalarınız | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abası or abaları | abaları | ||||||
accusative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abamı | abalarımı | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | abanı | abalarını | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abasını | abalarını | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamızı | abalarımızı | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanızı | abalarınızı | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abasını or abalarını | abalarını | ||||||
dative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abama | abalarıma | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | abana | abalarına | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abasına | abalarına | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamıza | abalarımıza | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanıza | abalarınıza | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abasına or abalarına | abalarına | ||||||
locative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abamda | abalarımda | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | abanda | abalarında | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abasında | abalarında | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamızda | abalarımızda | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanızda | abalarınızda | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abasında or abalarında | abalarında | ||||||
ablative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abamdan | abalarımdan | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | abandan | abalarından | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abasından | abalarından | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamızdan | abalarımızdan | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanızdan | abalarınızdan | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abasından or abalarından | abalarından | ||||||
genitive | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abamın | abalarımın | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | abanın | abalarının | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abasının | abalarının | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamızın | abalarımızın | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanızın | abalarınızın | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abasının or abalarının | abalarının |
Declension
Declension of aba | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | aba |
abalar | ||||||
definite accusative | abanı |
abaları | ||||||
dative | abaya |
abalara | ||||||
locative | abada |
abalarda | ||||||
ablative | abadan |
abalardan | ||||||
definite genitive | abanın |
abaların |
Possessive forms of aba | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abam | abalarım | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | aban | abaların | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abası | abaları | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamız | abalarımız | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanız | abalarınız | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abası or abaları | abaları | ||||||
accusative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abamı | abalarımı | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | abanı | abalarını | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abasını | abalarını | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamızı | abalarımızı | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanızı | abalarınızı | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abasını or abalarını | abalarını | ||||||
dative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abama | abalarıma | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | abana | abalarına | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abasına | abalarına | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamıza | abalarımıza | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanıza | abalarınıza | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abasına or abalarına | abalarına | ||||||
locative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abamda | abalarımda | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | abanda | abalarında | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abasında | abalarında | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamızda | abalarımızda | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanızda | abalarınızda | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abasında or abalarında | abalarında | ||||||
ablative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abamdan | abalarımdan | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | abandan | abalarından | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abasından | abalarından | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamızdan | abalarımızdan | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanızdan | abalarınızdan | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abasından or abalarından | abalarından | ||||||
genitive | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | abamın | abalarımın | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | abanın | abalarının | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | abasının | abalarının | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | abamızın | abalarımızın | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | abanızın | abalarınızın | ||||||
onların (“their”) | abasının or abalarının | abalarının |
References
- Axundov A. A., Kazımov Q. Ş., Behbudov S. M., editors (2007), “aba I”, in Azərbaycan dilinin dialektoloji lüğəti [Dialectological Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language] (in Azerbaijani), Baku: Şərq-Qərb, →ISBN, page 11a
- Axundov A. A., Kazımov Q. Ş., Behbudov S. M., editors (2007), “aba II”, in Azərbaycan dilinin dialektoloji lüğəti [Dialectological Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language] (in Azerbaijani), Baku: Şərq-Qərb, →ISBN, page 11a
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*apa-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*appa-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Basque
Etymology
Coined by Sabino Arana in the 19th century, from a misinterpretation of the kinship suffix -ba.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aba/, [a.β̞a]
Declension
Declension of aba (animate, ending in -a) | |||
---|---|---|---|
indefinite | singular | plural | |
absolutive | aba | aba | abak |
ergative | abak | abak | abek |
dative | abari | abari | abei |
genitive | abaren | abaren | aben |
comitative | abarekin | abarekin | abekin |
causative | abarengatik | abarengatik | abengatik |
benefactive | abarentzat | abarentzat | abentzat |
instrumental | abaz | abaz | abez |
inessive | abarengan | abarengan | abengan |
locative | — | — | — |
allative | abarengana | abarengana | abengana |
terminative | abarenganaino | abarenganaino | abenganaino |
directive | abarenganantz | abarenganantz | abenganantz |
destinative | abarenganako | abarenganako | abenganako |
ablative | abarengandik | abarengandik | abengandik |
partitive | abarik | — | — |
prolative | abatzat | — | — |
Derived terms
- aberri (“fatherland”) (see there for further derivations)
Chibcha
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aβa/
References
- Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.
Corsican
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈaba/
Dení
References
- “aba” in Gordon Koop, Lois Koop, Dicionário deni-português, Associação Internacional de Lingüística - SIL Brasil, 1985.
Dupaningan Agta
Ewe
References
- Fiagã, Kwasi (1976). Grammaire eʋe: Eʋegbe ŋutinunya. Lomé: Institut national de la recherche scientifique, p. 101.
Galician
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈaβa̝/
Noun
aba f (plural abas)
References
- “aba” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “aba” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
- “aba” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “aba” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991), “álabe”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Gothic
Hiligaynon
Indonesian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Malay aba, from Classical Malay [script needed] (aba), from Arabic أب, from Proto-Semitic *ʔabw-. Doublet of abbas, abi, and abu.
Irish
Mutation
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
aba | n-aba | haba | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “aba”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “aba” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
Jamamadí
Kashubian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈa.ba/
- Hyphenation: a‧ba
- Rhymes: -aba
Noun
aba f
Derived terms
- abowac (“to wave, to tide”)
References
- Wiesław Boryś; Hanna Popowska-Taborska (1994), “aba”, in Słownik etymologiczny Kaszubszczyzny, →ISBN
Latgalian
Etymology
Shortened from an older Baltic form *arba, which is preserved in Lithuanian as arba (the meaning differs just slightly).
Latvian
Synonyms
Synonyms
Noun
aba m (4th declension, irregular gender, dative singular)
Declension
Malagasy
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aba, from Proto-Austronesian *aba.
Malay
Pronunciation
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /abə/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /aba/
- Rhymes: -abə, -bə, -ə
Etymology 1
From Proto-Malayic *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aba, from Proto-Austronesian *aba.
Noun
aba (Jawi spelling اب, plural aba-aba, informal 1st possessive abaku, 2nd possessive abamu, 3rd possessive abanya)
- Alternative form of abah
Noun
aba (Jawi spelling اب, plural aba-aba, informal 1st possessive abaku, 2nd possessive abamu, 3rd possessive abanya)
- father (male parent)
Etymology 3
Shortened form of haba.
Alternative forms
Marshallese
Mezquital Otomi
Etymology
Borrowed from Spanish haba (“bean; bump, nodule; equine palatitis”), from Latin faba (“bean”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ǎβa/
Noun
ǎba
- equine palatitis
Synonyms
- ndodi
References
- Hernández Cruz, Luis; Victoria Torquemada, Moisés (2010) Diccionario del hñähñu (otomí) del Valle del Mezquital, estado de Hidalgo (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 45) (in Spanish), second edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 3
Middle Irish
Mutation
Middle Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
aba | unchanged | n-aba |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Old Tupi
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʔaβ̞a/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʔaβ̞a/, /ˈtaβ̞a/
Usage notes
- The stem aba could never be used inside a sentence without a prefix. The absolute form taba was used whenever the noun was not possessed.
Pangasinan
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: a‧ba
- IPA(key): /aˈba/, [aˈba]
- Rhymes: -a
Related terms
Part or all of this Pangasinan entry has been imported from the 1865 edition of Diccionario pangasinan-español. The imported definitions may be significantly outdated, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈa.bɐ/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈa.ba/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈa.bɐ/ [ˈa.βɐ]
- Rhymes: -abɐ
- Hyphenation: a‧ba
Noun
aba f (plural abas)
Further reading
- “aba” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aˈba/
- Rhymes: -a
- Hyphenation: a‧ba
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish عبا (abâ) (Turkish aba), from Arabic عَبَاءَة (ʿabāʾa).
Noun
aba f (uncountable)
- Thick woollen fabric, usually white, from which country-style clothing is often made.
Declension
Synonyms
Interjection
aba
- An interjection that expresses wonder or draws attention to something.
Further reading
- aba in DEX online - Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Sardinian
Alternative forms
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Irish abb, from Latin abbās, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈapə/
- Hyphenation: a‧ba
Noun
aba m (genitive singular aba, plural abachan)
- abbot
- An nì a nì an dara h-aba subhach, nì e dubhach an t-aba eile.
- What makes the one abbot glad makes the other abbot sad.
Declension
Derived terms
Related terms
Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
aba | n-aba | h-aba | t-aba |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Edward Dwelly (1911), “aba”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- Malcolm MacLennan (1925) A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language
- Colin Mark (2003), “aba”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 5
Serbo-Croatian
Slovak
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈaba]
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-gàba.
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Spanish
Etymology
The Royal Spanish Academy proposes that it was introduced to Spanish from Arabic and notes some controversy over Moorish origin.[1]
References
- Corriente, Federico (2019-03-11), “Boletín de información lingüística de la Real Academia Española”, in NOTAS A LOS ARABISMOS Y OTROS «EXOTISMOS» EN DLE 2014 (in Spanish), Royal Spanish Academy
Further reading
- “aba”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: a‧ba
- IPA(key): /ʔaˈbaʔ/, [ʔɐˈbaʔ]
Adjective
abâ
Derived terms
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: a‧ba
- IPA(key): /ʔaˈba/, [ʔɐˈba]
Audio (file)
Interjection
abá
- an exclamation of surprise, wonder, or admiration; wow
- Synonym: naku
- Aba! Bakit ngayon mo lang sinabi?
- Hey! How come you only said it now?
- Aba! Ikaw ang bahala.
- Well! Do as you please.
- Aba oo.
- But of course.
Derived terms
Noun
abá
Tatar
Ternate
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈa.ba]
References
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑbɑ/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Turkic *apa (“mother, elder sister, aunt”).
Noun
aba (definite accusative abayı, plural abalar)
- felt (a non-woven cloth that is produced by matting, condensing and pressing woollen fibres)
Derived terms
Etymology 3
From Ottoman Turkish آبا (aba), from Arabic آباء (ʾābāʾ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑːbɑː/
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | aba | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | abayı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | aba | abalar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | abayı | abaları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | abaya | abalara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | abada | abalarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | abadan | abalardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | abanın | abaların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Venetian
Weyewa
References
- Lobu Ori, S,Pd, M.Pd (2010), “aba”, in Kamus Bahasa Lolina [Dictionary of the Loli Language] (in Indonesian), Waikabubak: Kepala Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Kabupaten Sumba Barat
Wutunhua
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [apa]
Xhosa
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *-gàba.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [âːɓa]
Yoruba
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /à.bá/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ā.bà/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /à.bā/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ā.bá/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /à.bá/
Noun
àbá
Zaghawa
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔaba/
Usage notes
- Sense 2 refers to blood relations only
- Most often used as a form of address, rather than a noun proper.
See also
Zazaki
Noun
aba f
- felt (a non-woven cloth that is produced by matting, condensing and pressing woollen fibres)
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-gàba.
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukwaba | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukwaba | ukungabi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yaba | -abe | |||||||
Plural | yabani | -abeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyaba, ngaba | engabayo, engaba | ngaba | angabi | engingabi | ngingabi | |||
2nd singular | uyaba, waba | owabayo, owaba | waba | awabi | ongabi | ungabi | |||
1st plural | siyaba, saba | esabayo, esaba | saba | asabi | esingabi | singabi | |||
2nd plural | niyaba, naba | enabayo, enaba | naba | anabi | eningabi | ningabi | |||
Class 1 | uyaba, waba | owabayo, owaba | aba | akabi | ongabi | engabi | |||
Class 2 | bayaba, baba | ababayo, ababa | baba | ababi | abangabi | bengabi | |||
Class 3 | uyaba, waba | owabayo, owaba | waba | awabi | ongabi | ungabi | |||
Class 4 | iyaba, yaba | eyabayo, eyaba | yaba | ayabi | engabi | ingabi | |||
Class 5 | liyaba, laba | elabayo, elaba | laba | alabi | elingabi | lingabi | |||
Class 6 | ayaba, aba | abayo, aba | aba | awabi | angabi | engabi | |||
Class 7 | siyaba, saba | esabayo, esaba | saba | asabi | esingabi | singabi | |||
Class 8 | ziyaba, zaba | ezabayo, ezaba | zaba | azabi | ezingabi | zingabi | |||
Class 9 | iyaba, yaba | eyabayo, eyaba | yaba | ayabi | engabi | ingabi | |||
Class 10 | ziyaba, zaba | ezabayo, ezaba | zaba | azabi | ezingabi | zingabi | |||
Class 11 | luyaba, lwaba | olwabayo, olwaba | lwaba | alwabi | olungabi | lungabi | |||
Class 14 | buyaba, baba | obabayo, obaba | baba | ababi | obungabi | bungabi | |||
Class 15 | kuyaba, kwaba | okwabayo, okwaba | kwaba | akwabi | okungabi | kungabi | |||
Class 17 | kuyaba, kwaba | okwabayo, okwaba | kwaba | akwabi | okungabi | kungabi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngabile, ngabē | engabile, engabē | ngabile, ngabē | angabanga | engingabanga | ngingabanga | |||
2nd singular | wabile, wabē | owabile, owabē | wabile, wabē | awabanga | ongabanga | ungabanga | |||
1st plural | sabile, sabē | esabile, esabē | sabile, sabē | asabanga | esingabanga | singabanga | |||
2nd plural | nabile, nabē | enabile, enabē | nabile, nabē | anabanga | eningabanga | ningabanga | |||
Class 1 | wabile, wabē | owabile, owabē | abile, abē | akabanga | ongabanga | engabanga | |||
Class 2 | babile, babē | ababile, ababē | babile, babē | ababanga | abangabanga | bengabanga | |||
Class 3 | wabile, wabē | owabile, owabē | wabile, wabē | awabanga | ongabanga | ungabanga | |||
Class 4 | yabile, yabē | eyabile, eyabē | yabile, yabē | ayabanga | engabanga | ingabanga | |||
Class 5 | labile, labē | elabile, elabē | labile, labē | alabanga | elingabanga | lingabanga | |||
Class 6 | abile, abē | abile, abē | abile, abē | awabanga | angabanga | engabanga | |||
Class 7 | sabile, sabē | esabile, esabē | sabile, sabē | asabanga | esingabanga | singabanga | |||
Class 8 | zabile, zabē | ezabile, ezabē | zabile, zabē | azabanga | ezingabanga | zingabanga | |||
Class 9 | yabile, yabē | eyabile, eyabē | yabile, yabē | ayabanga | engabanga | ingabanga | |||
Class 10 | zabile, zabē | ezabile, ezabē | zabile, zabē | azabanga | ezingabanga | zingabanga | |||
Class 11 | lwabile, lwabē | olwabile, olwabē | lwabile, lwabē | alwabanga | olungabanga | lungabanga | |||
Class 14 | babile, babē | obabile, obabē | babile, babē | ababanga | obungabanga | bungabanga | |||
Class 15 | kwabile, kwabē | okwabile, okwabē | kwabile, kwabē | akwabanga | okungabanga | kungabanga | |||
Class 17 | kwabile, kwabē | okwabile, okwabē | kwabile, kwabē | akwabanga | okungabanga | kungabanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāba | engāba | ngāba | angabanga | engingabanga | ngingabanga | |||
2nd singular | wāba | owāba | wāba | awabanga | ongabanga | ungabanga | |||
1st plural | sāba | esāba | sāba | asabanga | esingabanga | singabanga | |||
2nd plural | nāba | enāba | nāba | anabanga | eningabanga | ningabanga | |||
Class 1 | wāba | owāba | āba | akabanga | ongabanga | engabanga | |||
Class 2 | bāba | abāba | bāba | ababanga | abangabanga | bengabanga | |||
Class 3 | wāba | owāba | wāba | awabanga | ongabanga | ungabanga | |||
Class 4 | yāba | eyāba | yāba | ayabanga | engabanga | ingabanga | |||
Class 5 | lāba | elāba | lāba | alabanga | elingabanga | lingabanga | |||
Class 6 | āba | āba | āba | awabanga | angabanga | engabanga | |||
Class 7 | sāba | esāba | sāba | asabanga | esingabanga | singabanga | |||
Class 8 | zāba | ezāba | zāba | azabanga | ezingabanga | zingabanga | |||
Class 9 | yāba | eyāba | yāba | ayabanga | engabanga | ingabanga | |||
Class 10 | zāba | ezāba | zāba | azabanga | ezingabanga | zingabanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāba | olwāba | lwāba | alwabanga | olungabanga | lungabanga | |||
Class 14 | bāba | obāba | bāba | ababanga | obungabanga | bungabanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāba | okwāba | kwāba | akwabanga | okungabanga | kungabanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāba | okwāba | kwāba | akwabanga | okungabanga | kungabanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingaba | — | ngingaba | ngingabe | — | ngingabe | |||
2nd singular | ungaba | — | ungaba | ungabe | — | ungabe | |||
1st plural | singaba | — | singaba | singabe | — | singabe | |||
2nd plural | ningaba | — | ningaba | ningabe | — | ningabe | |||
Class 1 | angaba | — | engaba | angabe | — | engabe | |||
Class 2 | bangaba | — | bengaba | bangabe | — | bengabe | |||
Class 3 | ungaba | — | ungaba | ungabe | — | ungabe | |||
Class 4 | ingaba | — | ingaba | ingabe | — | ingabe | |||
Class 5 | lingaba | — | lingaba | lingabe | — | lingabe | |||
Class 6 | angaba | — | engaba | angabe | — | engabe | |||
Class 7 | singaba | — | singaba | singabe | — | singabe | |||
Class 8 | zingaba | — | zingaba | zingabe | — | zingabe | |||
Class 9 | ingaba | — | ingaba | ingabe | — | ingabe | |||
Class 10 | zingaba | — | zingaba | zingabe | — | zingabe | |||
Class 11 | lungaba | — | lungaba | lungabe | — | lungabe | |||
Class 14 | bungaba | — | bungaba | bungabe | — | bungabe | |||
Class 15 | kungaba | — | kungaba | kungabe | — | kungabe | |||
Class 17 | kungaba | — | kungaba | kungabe | — | kungabe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokwaba | engizokwaba | ngizokwaba | angizukwaba | engingezukwaba | ngingezukwaba | |||
2nd singular | uzokwaba | ozokwaba | uzokwaba | awuzukwaba | ongezukwaba | ungezukwaba | |||
1st plural | sizokwaba | esizokwaba | sizokwaba | asizukwaba | esingezukwaba | singezukwaba | |||
2nd plural | nizokwaba | enizokwaba | nizokwaba | anizukwaba | eningezukwaba | ningezukwaba | |||
Class 1 | uzokwaba | ozokwaba | ezokwaba | akazukwaba | ongezukwaba | engezukwaba | |||
Class 2 | bazokwaba | abazokwaba | bezokwaba | abazukwaba | abangezukwaba | bengezukwaba | |||
Class 3 | uzokwaba | ozokwaba | uzokwaba | awuzukwaba | ongezukwaba | ungezukwaba | |||
Class 4 | izokwaba | ezokwaba | izokwaba | ayizukwaba | engezukwaba | ingezukwaba | |||
Class 5 | lizokwaba | elizokwaba | lizokwaba | alizukwaba | elingezukwaba | lingezukwaba | |||
Class 6 | azokwaba | azokwaba | ezokwaba | awazukwaba | angezukwaba | engezukwaba | |||
Class 7 | sizokwaba | esizokwaba | sizokwaba | asizukwaba | esingezukwaba | singezukwaba | |||
Class 8 | zizokwaba | ezizokwaba | zizokwaba | azizukwaba | ezingezukwaba | zingezukwaba | |||
Class 9 | izokwaba | ezokwaba | izokwaba | ayizukwaba | engezukwaba | ingezukwaba | |||
Class 10 | zizokwaba | ezizokwaba | zizokwaba | azizukwaba | ezingezukwaba | zingezukwaba | |||
Class 11 | luzokwaba | oluzokwaba | luzokwaba | aluzukwaba | olungezukwaba | lungezukwaba | |||
Class 14 | buzokwaba | obuzokwaba | buzokwaba | abuzukwaba | obungezukwaba | bungezukwaba | |||
Class 15 | kuzokwaba | okuzokwaba | kuzokwaba | akuzukwaba | okungezukwaba | kungezukwaba | |||
Class 17 | kuzokwaba | okuzokwaba | kuzokwaba | akuzukwaba | okungezukwaba | kungezukwaba | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokwaba | engiyokwaba | ngiyokwaba | angiyukwaba | engingeyukwaba | ngingeyukwaba | |||
2nd singular | uyokwaba | oyokwaba | uyokwaba | awuyukwaba | ongeyukwaba | ungeyukwaba | |||
1st plural | siyokwaba | esiyokwaba | siyokwaba | asiyukwaba | esingeyukwaba | singeyukwaba | |||
2nd plural | niyokwaba | eniyokwaba | niyokwaba | aniyukwaba | eningeyukwaba | ningeyukwaba | |||
Class 1 | uyokwaba | oyokwaba | eyokwaba | akayukwaba | ongeyukwaba | engeyukwaba | |||
Class 2 | bayokwaba | abayokwaba | beyokwaba | abayukwaba | abangeyukwaba | bengeyukwaba | |||
Class 3 | uyokwaba | oyokwaba | uyokwaba | awuyukwaba | ongeyukwaba | ungeyukwaba | |||
Class 4 | iyokwaba | eyokwaba | iyokwaba | ayiyukwaba | engeyukwaba | ingeyukwaba | |||
Class 5 | liyokwaba | eliyokwaba | liyokwaba | aliyukwaba | elingeyukwaba | lingeyukwaba | |||
Class 6 | ayokwaba | ayokwaba | eyokwaba | awayukwaba | angeyukwaba | engeyukwaba | |||
Class 7 | siyokwaba | esiyokwaba | siyokwaba | asiyukwaba | esingeyukwaba | singeyukwaba | |||
Class 8 | ziyokwaba | eziyokwaba | ziyokwaba | aziyukwaba | ezingeyukwaba | zingeyukwaba | |||
Class 9 | iyokwaba | eyokwaba | iyokwaba | ayiyukwaba | engeyukwaba | ingeyukwaba | |||
Class 10 | ziyokwaba | eziyokwaba | ziyokwaba | aziyukwaba | ezingeyukwaba | zingeyukwaba | |||
Class 11 | luyokwaba | oluyokwaba | luyokwaba | aluyukwaba | olungeyukwaba | lungeyukwaba | |||
Class 14 | buyokwaba | obuyokwaba | buyokwaba | abuyukwaba | obungeyukwaba | bungeyukwaba | |||
Class 15 | kuyokwaba | okuyokwaba | kuyokwaba | akuyukwaba | okungeyukwaba | kungeyukwaba | |||
Class 17 | kuyokwaba | okuyokwaba | kuyokwaba | akuyukwaba | okungeyukwaba | kungeyukwaba | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngabe | ngingabi | |||||||
2nd singular | wabe | ungabi | |||||||
1st plural | sabe | singabi | |||||||
2nd plural | nabe | ningabi | |||||||
Class 1 | abe | angabi | |||||||
Class 2 | babe | bangabi | |||||||
Class 3 | wabe | ungabi | |||||||
Class 4 | yabe | ingabi | |||||||
Class 5 | labe | lingabi | |||||||
Class 6 | abe | angabi | |||||||
Class 7 | sabe | singabi | |||||||
Class 8 | zabe | zingabi | |||||||
Class 9 | yabe | ingabi | |||||||
Class 10 | zabe | zingabi | |||||||
Class 11 | lwabe | lungabi | |||||||
Class 14 | babe | bungabi | |||||||
Class 15 | kwabe | kungabi | |||||||
Class 17 | kwabe | kungabi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngaba | ngangaba, angaba, angangaba | |||||||
2nd singular | waba | wangaba, awaba, awangaba | |||||||
1st plural | saba | sangaba, asaba, asangaba | |||||||
2nd plural | naba | nangaba, anaba, anangaba | |||||||
Class 1 | waba | wangaba, akaba, akangaba | |||||||
Class 2 | baba | bangaba, ababa, abangaba | |||||||
Class 3 | waba | wangaba, awaba, awangaba | |||||||
Class 4 | yaba | yangaba, ayaba, ayangaba | |||||||
Class 5 | laba | langaba, alaba, alangaba | |||||||
Class 6 | aba | angaba, awaba, awangaba | |||||||
Class 7 | saba | sangaba, asaba, asangaba | |||||||
Class 8 | zaba | zangaba, azaba, azangaba | |||||||
Class 9 | yaba | yangaba, ayaba, ayangaba | |||||||
Class 10 | zaba | zangaba, azaba, azangaba | |||||||
Class 11 | lwaba | lwangaba, alwaba, alwangaba | |||||||
Class 14 | baba | bangaba, ababa, abangaba | |||||||
Class 15 | kwaba | kwangaba, akwaba, akwangaba | |||||||
Class 17 | kwaba | kwangaba, akwaba, akwangaba |
Derived terms
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “aɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “aɓa (6.3)”