barn
English

Pronunciation
- enPR: bärn, IPA(key): /bɑrn/
- (General American, Ireland) IPA(key): [bɑɹn], [bɑɻn]
- (Scotland) IPA(key): [baɾn]
- (NYC) IPA(key): [bɒən]
- (Received Pronunciation, General South African) IPA(key): [bɑːn]
Audio (UK) (file)
- (New Zealand, parts of England) IPA(key): [bɐːn]
- (General Australian, Wales, Boston) IPA(key): [baːn]
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)n
Etymology 1
From Middle English bern, from Old English bearn, bern, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”), compound of bere (“barley”) and ærn, ræn (“dwelling, barn”), from Proto-West Germanic *raʀn, from Proto-Germanic *razną (compare Old Norse rann), from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥₁-s-nó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₁- (“to rest”).
For the use as a unit of surface area, see w:Barn (unit) § Etymology.
Noun
barn (plural barns)
- (agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.
- 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 11, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
- One day I was out in the barn and he drifted in. I was currying the horse and he set down on the wheelbarrow and begun to ask questions.
-
- (nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10−28 square metres.
- (informal, basketball, ice hockey) An arena.
- Maple Leaf Gardens was a grand old barn.
- (slang) A warm and cozy place, especially a bedroom; a roost.
Derived terms
- around Robin Hood's barn
- barnboard
- barn burner
- barnburner
- Barnburner
- barn cat
- barn dance
- barn dancing
- barn door
- barndoor
- barn-door
- barn doors
- barn egg
- barn find
- barnfloor
- barnful
- barnlike
- barn owl
- barnraising
- barn-raising
- barn-star
- barn star
- barnstar
- barnstorm
- barnstormer
- barnstorming
- barn swallow
- barnyard
- big as a barn
- bit by a barn mouse
- born in a barn
- bus barn
- carbarn
- car barn
- Dutch barn
- haybarn
- house-barn
- house barn
- housebarn
- milking barn
- nanobarn
- not be able to hit the broad side of a barn
- Pennsylvania barn
- pony in the barn
- raised in a barn
- show barn
- smell the barn
- tithe barn
- tithebarn
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also
Verb
barn (third-person singular simple present barns, present participle barning, simple past and past participle barned)
- (transitive) To lay up in a barn.
- 1594, Shakespeare, The Rape of Lucrece, line 859:
- But like still-pining Tantalus he sits / And useless barns the harvest of his wits
- 1645, Thomas Fuller, Good Thoughts in Bad Times; Good Thoughts in Worse Times; Mixt Contemplations in Better Times, page 165:
- Hypocrites, in like manner, so act holiness that they pass for saints before men, whose censures often barn up the chaff, and burn up the grain.
-
Etymology 2
From Middle English barn, bern, from Old English bearn (“child, son, offspring, progeny”) and Old Norse barn (“child”). Doublet of bairn. Cognate to Frisian bern ("child/children"), Middle Dutch baren (“child”).
Synonyms
- (child): bairn
Translations
References
Breton
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *barnati (“proclaim”). Cognate with Cornish barna.
Inflection
Conjugation
Personal forms | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative | Conditional | Imperative | |||||
Present | Imperfect | Preterite | Future | Present | Imperfect | ||
1s | barnan | barnen | barnis | barnin | barnfen | barnjen | - |
2s | barnez | barnes | barnjout | barni | barnfes | barnjes | barn |
3s | barn | barne | barnas | barno | barnfe | barnje | barnet |
1p | barnomp | barnemp | barnjomp | barnimp | barnfemp | barnjemp | barnomp |
2p | barnit | barnec'h | barnjoc'h | barnot | barnfec'h | barnjec'h | barnit |
3p | barnont | barnent | barnjont | barnint | barnfent | barnjent | barnent |
0 | barner | barned | barnjod | barnor | barnfed | barnjed | - |
Impersonal forms | Mutated forms | ||||||
Infinitive | barn | Soft mutation after a | a varn- | ||||
Present participle | o varn | Mixed mutation after e | e varn- | ||||
Past participle | barnet (auxiliary verb: kaout) | Soft mutation after ne/na | ne/na varn- |
Derived terms
- barnadenn
- barnadur
- barnedigezh
- barner
- barner a beoc'h
- dezvarn
- skiant-varn
Danish
Etymology
From Old Danish barn, from Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną. Compare English bairn.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /barn/, /b̥ɑːˀn/, [pɑ̈ˀn]
Noun
Usage notes
In compounds: barn-, barne-, barns- or børne-.
Declension
Derived terms
- adoptivbarn
- barnagtig
- barnagtighed
- barndom
- barnealder
- barneansigt
- barnebarn
- barnebillet
- barnecykel
- barnedåb
- barnefader
- barnefar
- barnefødsel
- barnefødt
- barnehoved
- barnekammer
- barnemad
- barnemoder
- barnemor
- barnemord
- barnepige
- barnepleje
- barnerov
- barnerumpe
- barneseng
- barneske
- barneskefuld
- barnesko
- barneskole
- barnesprog
- barnestjerne
- barnestol
- barnesæde
- barnetro
- barnevogn
- barneår
- barnlig
- barnlille
- barnløs
- barnsben
- brystbarn
- bysbarn
- børnearbejde
- børnebegrænsning
- børnebibliotek
- børnebidrag
- børnebillet
- børnebog
- børnebogsforfatter
- børnebogsforfatterinde
- børnecheck
- børnecykel
- børnedødelighed
- børneernæring
- børnefamilie
- børnefjendsk
- børnefjendtlig
- børneflok
- børneforsorg
- børneforsorgspædagog
- børnefødselsdag
- børneglad
- børnehave
- børnehaveklasse
- børnehavepædagog
- børnehjem
- børnehjælpsdag
- børnehospital
- børnehøjde
- børneinstitution
- børnekultur
- børnelammelse
- børnelokker
- børnelæge
- børnelærdom
- børnemad
- børnemisbrug
- børnemisbruger
- børnemishandling
- børneopdragelse
- børneopsparing
- børneorm
- børneparkering
- børnepasning
- børnepasser
- børnepenge
- børneporno
- børnepsykiater
- børnepsykiatri
- børnepsykiatrisk
- børnepsykolog
- børnepsykologi
- børnepsykologisk
- børnerig
- børnerigtig
- børnesang
- børnesikker
- børnesikre
- børnesikring
- børneskole
- børnesprog
- børnesygdom
- børnesæde
- børnesår
- børneteater
- børnetegning
- børnetilskud
- børnetække
- børnetøj
- børneven
- børnevenlig
- børneværelse
- børneværn
- børneægteskab
- børneår
- børn og unge-udvalg
- DAMP-barn
- delebarn
- diebarn
- elleveårsbarn
- elveårsbarn
- enebarn
- feriebarn
- flaskebarn
- fællesbarn
- fødselsdagsbarn
- førskolebarn
- gadebarn
- gammelmandsbarn
- gudbarn
- gudebarn
- hittebarn
- hjertebarn
- kælebarn
- legebarn
- mongolbarn
- niårsbarn
- næstsøskendebarn
- nøglebarn
- oldebarn
- pattebarn
- pigebarn
- plejebarn
- problembarn
- reagensglasbarn
- rhesusbarn
- skilsmissebarn
- skolebarn
- skødebarn
- smertensbarn
- småbarn
- spædbarn
- stedbarn
- svagbørn
- svagbørnskoloni
- svigerbørn
- svøbelsebarn
- svøbelsesbarn
- særbarn
- søndagsbarn
- søskendebarn
- tipoldebarn
- toårsbarn
- troldebarn
- vidunderbarn
- ægtebarn
- ønskebarn
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpatn]
- Rhymes: -atn
Gothic
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpartn̥], (colloquial) [ˈpatn̥], (southeastern) [ˈparn]
- Rhymes: -artn, -atn
Declension
Derived terms
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbarn/
- Rhymes: -arn
- Hyphenation: bàrn
Further reading
- barn in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Middle English
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old English bearn, from Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /barn/, /baːrn/, /bɛrn/
Noun
barn (plural barnes or barnen)
- A member of one's immediate offspring or progeny.
- A child, youth, or baby.
- c. 1335-1361, William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 6, recto, lines 198-199; republished as W. W. Skeat, editor, The Romance of William of Palerne, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1867, OCLC 150454844, page 12:
- Hit tidde after on a time · as tellus our bokes / as þis bold barn his beſtes · blybeliche keped […]
- Afterwards, as our books record, it happened one day that / while this brave child was peacefully looking after his animals […]
-
- A person; a member of humanity.
- A younger soldier or fighter.
Related terms
Descendants
References
- “bā̆rn, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-25.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɑːɳ/
Derived terms
- barndom
- barnearbeid
- barnebarn
- barnebok
- barnebrud
- barnedødelighet
- barneekteskap
- barnefamilie
- barnehage
- barnemat
- barnepass
- barneprostitusjon
- barnerik
- barnerim
- barneskole
- barnesoldat
- barnesykdom
- barnetrygd
- barnevogn
- barnløs
- barnslig
- fosterbarn
- oldebarn
- problembarn
- skolebarn
- småbarn
- spedbarn
- søskenbarn
- vidunderbarn
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). The plural form born is from the Old Norse u-umlauted form bǫrn. This umlaut can also be seen in Icelandic börn and Danish and Faroese børn.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /baːrn/, /baːn/
- (palatal N) IPA(key): /baːɲ/
Inflection
Historical inflection of barn
Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. |
Derived terms
Related terms
- bera (“to bear, carry”, verb)
Old Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old Saxon barn, Old English bearn, Old Norse barn.
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.
Declension
Descendants
References
- “barn”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old English bearn, Old High German barn, Old Norse barn.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /barn/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -arn
- Syllabification: barn
Declension
Spanish
Further reading
- “barn”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish barn (“child”), from Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Cognate with Danish barn, Icelandic barn, Old Saxon barn, Old High German barn, Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“worker”) and bernẽlis (“lad”), a kind of participle to bära (“to bear, to carry, as in childbirth”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɑːrn/, [bɑːɳ]
audio (file)
Noun
barn n
Declension
Declension of barn | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | barn | barnet | barn | barnen |
Genitive | barns | barnets | barns | barnens |
Synonyms
Related terms
- barnablick
- barnblick
- barnadödlighet
- barndödlighet
- barnafader
- barnafar
- barnafrom
- barnafödande
- barnaföderska
- barnafödsel
- barnaga
- barnahand
- barnalstring
- barnamord
- barnamördare
- barnansikte
- barnantal
- barnarbetare
- barnarbete
- barnarov
- barnrov
- barnaröst
- barnasinne
- barnaskap
- barnaskara
- barnskara
- barnatro
- barnavård
- barnaår
- barnår
- barnaöga
- barnöga
- barnbarn
- barnbarnsbarn
- barnbassäng
- barnbeck
- barnbegränsning
- barnberättelse
- barnbespisning
- barnbibliotek
- barnbidrag
- barnbiljett
- barnbjudning
- barnblöja
- barnbok
- barnby
- barnbördshus
- barnbördsklinik
- barncykel
- barndag
- barndaghem
- barndom
- barndop
- barnfamilj
- barnfest
- barnfilm
- barnflicka
- barnfond
- barnfödd
- barnförbjuda
- barnföreställning
- barnförlamning
- barngrupp
- barngudstjänst
- barnhage
- barnhem
- barnhuvud
- barnhälsovård
- barnjungfru
- barnkalas
- barnkammare
- barnkirurgi
- barnklinik
- barnkläder
- barnkoloni
- barnkonfektion
- barnkonto
- barnkonvention
- barnkrubba
- barnkull
- barnkultur
- barnkunskap
- barnkupé
- barnkär
- barnkör
- barnledig
- barnlek
- barnlitteratur
- barnläkare
- barnlös
- barnlöshet
- barnmat
- barnmedicin
- barnmedicinsk
- barnmisshandel
- barnmorska
- barnmottagning
- barnolycksfall
- barnombudsman
- barnomsorg
- barnopera
- barnoverall
- barnparkering
- barnpassning
- barnpension
- barnperspektiv
- barnpiga
- barnpornografi
- barnporr
- barnprogram
- barnprostitution
- barnpsykiater
- barnpsykiatri
- barnpsykiatrisk
- barnpsykolog
- barnpsykologi
- barnpuder
- barnramsa
- barnrik
- barnrikeshus
- barnrumpa
- barnröst
- barnsaga
- barnsak
- barnsben
- barnsbörd
- barnsele
- barnsits
- barnsjukdom
- barnsjukhus
- barnsjuksköterska
- barnsjukvård
- barnsko
- barnskrik
- barnskydd
- barnskötare
- barnsköterska
- barnskötsel
- barnslig
- barnsnöd
- barnsoldat
- barnspråk
- barnstadium
- barnstol
- barnstorlek
- barnstuga
- barnsäker
- barnsäng
- barnsöl
- barnteater
- barnteckning
- barntillsyn
- barntillåten
- barntillägg
- barntimma
- barntimme
- barnträdgårdslärare
- barntvätt
- barnunge
- barnuppfostran
- barnvagn
- barnvakt
- barnverksamhet
- barnvisa
- barnvälling
- barnvänlig
- barnår
- barnäktenskap
- barnöga
- brorsbarn
- dibarn
- kärt barn har många namn
- maskrosbarn (dandelion kid)
- nyckelbarn
- skäggbarn
- spädbarn
- systerbarn
- särbarn
- underbarn
Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *barnati from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /barn/
Derived terms
- barnu (“to adjudge; to pass sentence”)