周

• In certain typefaces and/or at small font sizes, the edges of the 土 component touch the enclosing 冂 component, producing a resemblance to the radical 用.

周 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月土口 (BGR), four-corner 7722₀, composition ⿵⺆𠮷(GTJV) or ⿵⺆⿻一古 or ⿵⺆⿱𰀁口(HK))

• 倜, 凋, 調(调), 啁, 徟, 淍, 惆, 婤, 綢(绸), 琱, 椆, 晭, 賙(赒), 禂, 碉, 睭, 稠, 皗, 裯, 蜩, 輖(𫐏), 錭, 鯛(鲷), 騆, 䓟, 㓮, 郮, 彫, 翢, 雕, 鵰(𫛲), 奝, 霌, 週, 𥮐, 𥺝, 𦈺, 𦩍, 𡕐

• KangXi: page 181, character 36
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3441
• Dae Jaweon: page 400, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 606, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5468
• Unihan data for U+2F83F

to encircle, to circle, to surround, everywhere, curve (in the road)

Unclear. Possibly connected with Tibetan [script needed] (gču-ba) ~ [script needed] (lču-ba, “screw”), [script needed] (gčud-ba) ~ [script needed] (lčub-ba, “turn, twist, plait, braid”), or Thai ดิ้ว (dîu, “club, stick; strips of rattan or bamboo bent in a circle to which ribs of a cage are fastened”) or Khmer ជួត (cuət, “to wind; to wrap around; to wear a turban”) (Schuessler, 2007)

to help

Unclear. Maybe same word as 周 (zhōu, “to surround”) as words for "help, aid" often derive from the notion "next to, or around, a person" (for analogies, 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist < to be on one's left-side”) from 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, “left”) and 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist < to be on one's right-side”) from 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ)) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, note Khmer ជួយ (cuəy, “to help, assist; to support; to rescue, save”) (ibid.). Even so, also note Thai ช่วย (chûai), which in turn is from Middle Chinese 助 (MC d͡ʒɨʌ^H)); if Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) and Thai ช่วย (chûai) were related, then Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) cannot be related to Old Chinese 周 (OC *tjɯw).

dynasty's name

Attested in the Huayuanzhang East Oracle Bone Inscription HYZ 327.1 (transliterated and translated by Schwartz, 2019[1])

周入亖 [Pre-Classical Chinese]  ―  Zhōu rù sì [Pinyin]  ―  Zhou contributes four

A 周方白 (Zhōufāng bó, “Elder of Zhou region”), likely King Wen of Zhou, was mentioned in Oracle Bone Inscriptions H11:82 and H11:84 (Lin, 1995)[2]

Hargett (2021)[3] states that 商 (Shāng) and 周 (Zhōu) derived from names of "places that the rulers and people of those eras regarded as their homeland or cultic centers"; the 周方 (Zhōufāng, “Zhou region”) was among "areas or regions along the frontier borders of Shang, traditionally regarded as enemy territory".

周

1. to circle, to encircle

   • 齊師敗績。逐之，三周華不注。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     齐师败绩。逐之，三周华不注。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Qíshī bài jì. Zhú zhī, sān zhōu huábùzhù. [Pinyin]

     The Qi troops were completely defeated. Jin forces pursued the Qi army, whose remnants thrice circled Mount Huabuzhu.

2. circle, circumference, periphery

   • 大城不可以不完，郭周不可以外通，……。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE

     Dàchéng bùkěyǐ bùwán, guōzhōu bùkěyǐ wàitōng,....... [Pinyin]

     The city's main walls must not be incompletely built, nor the peripheral suburban walls penetrable from outsides, [...].

3. everywhere

   • 自西徂東、周爰執事。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     自西徂东、周爰执事。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zì xī cú dōng, zhōu yuán zhíshì. [Pinyin]

     From the west to the east, everywhere he was at work.

4. curve (in a road)

   • 有杕之杜，生于道周。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yǒu dì zhī dù, shēng yú dàozhōu. [Pinyin]

     There's a solitary birchleaf pear tree, that grows on the road's curve.

5. complete; thorough; scrupulous; meticulous

   • 子曰：「君子周而不比，小人比而不周。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

     Zǐyuē: “Jūnzǐ zhōu ér bùbǐ, xiǎorén bǐ ér bùzhōu.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said: "The gentleman is inclusive and not partial; the villain is partial and not inclusive."

6. to help (e.g. financially)

   • 靡人不周、無不能止。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     靡人不周、无不能止。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Mǐ rén bù zhōu, wú bùnéng zhǐ. [Pinyin]

     There is no one who has not helped [the people]; They have not refrained on the ground of being unable.

7. (historical) (～朝) Zhou Dynasty
8. a surname

   周恩來／周恩来  ―  Zhōu Ēnlái  ―  Zhou Enlai / Chou En-Lai (the first Premier of the People's Republic of China)

• → English: Zhou, Chou, Chow, Chau, Chew, Chiu

This variant form is the name of the second tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌇), as listed in the ancient text.

• “周”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00559

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 周)

1. circumference
2. circuit
3. lap

• Go-on: しゅ (shu)^{←しゆ (syu, historical)}; す (su)
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)^{←しう (siu, historical)}
• Kun: まわり (mawari, 周り, Jōyō)^{←まはり (mafari, historical)}; あまねく (amaneku, 周く); あまねし (amaneshi, 周し); めぐる (meguru, 周る)
• Nanori: あまね (amane); あまねし (amaneshi); いたる (itaru); かた (kata); かぬ (kanu); かね (kane); ただ (tada); ちか (chika); ちかし (chikashi); なり (nari); のり (nori); ひろし (hiroshi); まこと (makoto)

• 周(しゅう)南(なん) (Shūnan, “Shūnan”)
• 周(しゅう)波(は)数(すう) (shūhasū, “frequency”)

From Middle Chinese 周 (MC t͡ɕɨu).

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) しゅ​う [shúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ɕɨᵝː]

周(しゅう) • (-shū) ^{←しう (siu)?}

1. laps or circuits

周(しゅう) • (Shū) ^{←しう (siu)?}

1. Zhou

周(まこと) • (Makoto) 

1. a male given name

周(あまね) • (Amane) 

1. a male given name

   西(にし)周(あまね)

   Nishi Amane

   Nishi Amane (Meiji period philosopher)

周 (eumhun 두루 주 (duru ju))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• 주위 (周圍, juwi)
• 주전 (周全, jujeon)
• 주년 (周年, junyeon)
• 주변 (周邊, jubyeon)
• 주파수 (周波數, jupasu)
• 주도면밀 (周到綿密, judomyeonmil)

周: Hán Việt readings: chu[1][2], châu[3]
周: Nôm readings: chu[1][4][5], châu[1][5]

1. chữ Hán form of Chu (“a surname.”).
2. chữ Hán form of Châu (“a surname.”).

Chu is the original Hán-Việt reading of this character and related ones according to Thiều Chửu. However, naming taboos for Nguyễn Phúc Chu (阮福淍) led to the reading Châu being used instead for this character, especially in the south of Vietnam, based on a tradition of u/âu sound swaps. Currently, both readings are in use. [6]