東

東 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木田 (DW), four-corner 5090₆, composition ⿻木日 or ⿻束一)

• 倲(㑈), 凍(冻), 㖦, 埬(𪣆), 娻, 崠, 𢔅, 𢛔(𫹼), 㨂, 涷, 𤟈, 陳(陈), 腖(胨), 棟(栋), 𬌃, 𤦪, 𬨮, 𫞸, 䍶, 蝀(𬟽), 諌, 𧳣, 𧼓, 𨌿, 錬, 㯥, 𩜍, 𩣳, 鯟, 䵔, 𫨽, 𮟽, 㼯, 𧡍(𬢈), 䰤, 鶇(鸫), 𫳒, 崬(岽), 氭(𣱝), 菄, 䦨, 𩭩, 𪂝
• 練 (Exception: Only for Japanese shinjitai. Other regions contain 柬 instead)
• 重 (Contains 東 as a phonetic)

• 东 (Simplified Chinese)

• KangXi: page 513, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14499
• Dae Jaweon: page 899, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1165, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6771

Historical forms of the character 東
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

The traditional origin, as given in Shuowen, interprets the character as the sun (日) rising behind a tree (木). Some scholars stand by this; others challenge it, interpreting it as a phonetic borrowing of a character that originally represented either a bundle of faggots tied together or a bag tied at both ends (like a cellophane-wrapped candy with the ends twisted). See the discussion in Allan (1991), pp. 47-50. Allan herself argues that evidence from the oracle bone inscriptions support the Shuowen, and that the tree represents the Fu Sang tree.

Given the second theory, 橐 now refers to the original word.

Cognate with Chepang थोङ्‌सा (thoŋ‑, “lighten; be bright”) and Chepang थोङ्‌ह (thoŋh, “awake time (as opposed to dream time)”) (Schuessler, 2007). Perhaps related to or influenced by 暾 (OC *tʰuːn, “rising sun”).

東

1. east
2. host

   做東／做东  ―  zuòdōng  ―  to be host

3. landlord; owner

   房東／房东  ―  fángdōng  ―  landlord

   股東／股东  ―  gǔdōng  ―  shareholder

4. (Teochew) side
5. (～日) (telegraphy) the first day of a month

• (compass points) 方位;

西北	北	東北／东北
西		東／东
西南	南	東南／东南

Others:

• Japanese: 東(トン) (ton, “east wind (mahjong tile)”)

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Go-on: つう (tsū)
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Sō-on: とん (ton)
• Kun: ひがし (higashi, 東, Jōyō); あずま (azuma, 東)^{←あづま (aduma, historical)}
• Nanori: あい (ai); あがり (agari); あきら (akira); こ (ko); こち (kochi); さき (saki); しの (shino); とお (tō); はじめ (hajime); はる (haru); ひが (higa); もと (moto)

/ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /ɸiɡaɕi/ → /hiɡaɕi/

Sound shift from hingashi (see Etymology 2 below).

Now the standard word for east.[1][2]

• (Tokyo) ひがし [hìgáshí] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
• (Tokyo) ひがし​ [hìgáshíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [çiɡa̠ɕi]

東(ひがし) • (higashi) 

1. the east (compass point)

   Antonym: 西 (nishi)

2. the Orient

   Synonym: 東洋 (tōyō)

3. an easterly (wind blowing from the east)

   Synonym: 東風 (kochi, kochikaze, tōfū, higashikaze)

4. (sumo) higher-ranked wrestlers listed on the right of a banzuke

   Antonym: 西 (nishi)

5. an Eastern Bloc country

   Synonym: 東側 (higashigawa)

   Antonym: 西 (nishi)

6. (regional, historical) Kamakura and/or Edo, as opposed to Kyoto and Osaka

   Antonym: 西 (nishi)

7. (theater) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• (compass points) 方角(ほうがく) (hōgaku);

西北(せいほく) (seihoku) 北西(ほくせい) (hokusei)	北(きた) (kita)	東北(とうほく) (tōhoku) 北東(ほくとう) (hokutō)
西(にし) (nishi)		東(ひがし) (higashi)
西南(せいなん) (seinan) 南西(なんせい) (nansei)	南(みなみ) (minami)	東南(とうなん) (tōnan) 南東(なんとう) (nantō)

• → English: higashi

東(ひがし) • (Higashi) 

1. (historical) a red-light district in Edo located east of Edo Castle (today in Fukagawa, Kōtō Ward)
2. (Buddhism) Short for 東本願寺 (Higashi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Kyoto
3. a placename, especially the name of a ward in various cities throughout Japan
4. a surname

• お東(ひがし), 御(お)東(ひがし) (o-Higashi)

*⟨pi₁ muka si⟩ → */pʲimukasi/ → /pimʉɡasi/ → /ɸimʉɡaɕi/ → /ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /hiŋɡaɕi/

Shift from Old Japanese 東 (*pi₁mukasi).[1][2]

東(ひんがし) • (hingashi) 

1. (obsolete) the east

For quotations using this term, see Citations:東.

⟨aduma⟩ → /ad͡zuma/ → /azuma/

From Old Japanese,[1][2] itself of unknown derivation.

• (Tokyo) あ​ずま [áꜜzùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [a̠zɨᵝma̠]

東(あずま) • (azuma) ^{←あづま (aduma)?}

1. (archaic) the east
2. (archaic) the lands east of the 都 (miyako, “imperial capital”)
3. (regional, historical) during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, the Kamakura region or its titular 幕府 (bakufu, “shogunate”), as opposed to the imperial capital of Kyoto
4. (regional, historical) during the Edo period, the region around Edo
5. Short for 東つ (azumatsu): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
6. Short for 東琴 (azumagoto): a six-stringed Japanese zither
7. Short for 東下駄 (azumageta): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

東(あずま) • (Azuma) ^{←あづま (aduma)?}

1. a placename
2. a female given name
3. a surname

From Middle Chinese 東 (MC tuŋ).

• (Tokyo) と​ー [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [to̞ː]

東(とう) • (Tō) 

1. Short for 関東 (Kantō):: the Kantō region of Japan
2. Short for 東国 (Tōgoku): a historical administrative division of Japan, corresponding to the modern Kantō and Tōkai regions
3. Short for 東京 (Tōkyō): Tokyo
4. a surname

• 東(とう)上(じょう) (tōjō, “going to Tokyo”)

東(とう) • (tō) 

1. (music) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

東(とう) • (tō) 

1. east

From Mandarin 東／东 (dōng).

Compare Wu 東／东 (ton), Hakka 東／东 (tûng), Min Nan 東／东 (tong).

• (Tokyo) ト​ン [tóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [tõ̞ɴ]

東(トン) • (ton) 

1. (mahjong) east wind (mahjong tile)

   Hypernym: 風牌 (kazehai, fanpai)

2. (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of east wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)

   Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)

• 東(トン)風(ぷう)戦(せん) (tonpūsen, “east-round game”)

• 風牌(かぜハイ) (kazehai, “wind tiles”): 東(トン) (ton, “east wind”), 南(ナン) (nan, “south wind”), 西(シャー) (shā, “west wind”), 北(ペー) (pē, “north wind”)

東(とん) • (Ton) 

1. a surname

Nominalization of the stem of adjective 明らか (akiraka, “clear”).

東(あきら) • (Akira) 

1. a surname
2. a male given name

Nominalization of verb 上る, 登る (noboru, “to ascend, rise”).

東(のぼる) • (Noboru) 

1. a male given name

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin, start”).

東(はじめ) • (Hajime) 

1. a surname
2. a male given name

From Middle Chinese 東 (MC tuŋ).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [동]

Wikisource 東 (eumhun 동녘 동 (dongnyeok dong))

1. Hanja form^? of 동 (“east; eastern”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• On: とー (tō); とぅ (tu)
• Kun: く (ku, 東); くち (kuchi, 東); あがり (agari, 東)

• 東風 (kuchi, kuchikaji)
• 東京 (Tōchō)
• 広東瓜 (kwantuui)

From 上り (agari, “ascent, rise”) in reference to the direction where the sun rises or ascends.

• IPA^(key): /ʔaɡaɾi/

東 (hiragana あがり, rōmaji agari)

1. east

• 東風 (ayu, *koti, *kotikaze)

Ultimate derivation unknown.

A speculative origin might be a compound of 天 (ama, “sky, heavens”, combining form) +‎ 端 (tuma, “edge, beginning”), but the elision of the ma in ama does not follow normal patterns.

• 吾妻

東 (aduma) (kana あづま)

1. the east
2. the lands east of the 都 (mi₁yako₁, “imperial capital”)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:東.

• Japanese: 東 (azuma)

Found in one poem of the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), but consistently spelled with this single kanji rather than in man'yōgana, thus leaving the reading unspecified.

Originally a compound of 日 (pi₁, “sun”) +‎ 向か (muka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku), “to face a direction”).[1][2] The final -si is possibly either the 風 (si) affix meaning “wind”, or a suffix indicating direction as in 昔 (mukasi, “past”).

東 (*pi₁mukasi) (kana ひむかし)

1. the east

For quotations using this term, see Citations:東.

• Japanese: 東 (hingashi → higashi)

• 日向 (Pi₁muka)

東: Hán Việt readings: đông[1][2][3][4][5][6]
東: Nôm readings: đông[1][2][3], đang[3]

1. chữ Hán form of đông (“east, eastern”).

東

• Kun: あがり (agari, 東)

From 上り (agari, “ascent, rise”) in reference to the direction where the sun rises or ascends.

• IPA^(key): /ʔaɡaɾi/

東 (hiragana あがり, romaji agari)

1. east