恩

恩 U+6069, 恩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6069
← 恨
[U+6068] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 恪 →
[U+606A]

Translingual

Han character

恩 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 田大心 (WKP), four-corner 60330, composition ⿱因心)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 385, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10591
  • Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2290, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+6069

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 恩
alternative forms 㤙

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (因) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
欭 *qrils
烟 *qiːn, *qin
胭 *qiːn
咽 *qiːn, *qiːns, *qiːd
恩 *qɯːn
煾 *qɯːn
因 *qin
姻 *qin
茵 *qin
鞇 *qin
氤 *qin
洇 *qin
駰 *qin, *qrin
絪 *qin
裀 *qin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯːn) : phonetic 因 (OC *qin) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ng1 - Chaozhou;
  • eng1 - Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping;
  • êng1 - Jieyang;
  • ing1 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 恩
Mandarin Beijing /ən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ən⁴⁴/
/nən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /nən²¹/
Jinan /ŋẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /ɣə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ən²⁴/
Xi'an /ŋẽ²¹/
Xining /nə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /əŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ŋən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ŋən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ŋen⁵⁵/
/en⁵⁵/ 新
Kunming /ə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ən³¹/
Hefei /ʐən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɣəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ŋəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ŋə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /əŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /ən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔen³³/
Wenzhou /ø³³/
Hui Shexian /ŋʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /ŋɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋən³³/
Xiangtan /ŋən³³/
Gan Nanchang /ŋiɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /en⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /en²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn⁵³/
Nanning /ɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /un⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ouŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /aiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ɯŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /un²³/
Rime
Character 恩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 痕 (53)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏痕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔən/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔən/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔən/
Li
Rong		 /ʔən/
Wang
Li		 /ən/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 an1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 恩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 ēn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔon ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔˁə[n]/
English kindness, favor

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 恩
Reading # 1/1
No. 15174
Phonetic
component		 因
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 恩
Old
Chinese		 /*qɯːn/

Definitions

恩

  1. kindness; mercy; charity
  2. affection
  3. a surname
  4. (Mainland China) Short for 恩格斯 (Ēngésī, “Engels”).

Compounds
Derived terms from 恩

Descendants
  • → Vietnamese: ơn

References

Japanese

Kanji
恩

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Noun

恩(おん) • (on) 

  1. obligation

Korean

Hanja

恩 (eumhun 은혜 은 (eunhye eun))

  1. Hanja form? of 은 (“favor”).
  2. Hanja form? of 은 (“grace”).
  3. Hanja form? of 은 (“mercy”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

恩: Hán Việt readings: ân[1][2][3]
恩: Nôm readings: ơn[1][2][3][4][5], ân[1][2][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of ân, ơn (“favor; grace”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Hồ (1976).
  5. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Zhuang

Classifier

恩

  1. Sawndip form of aen
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