生

生 (Kangxi radical 100, 生+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹手一 (HQM), four-corner 2510₀, composition ⿻𠂉土)

1. Kangxi radical #100, ⽣.
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №215

• Appendix:Chinese radical/生
• 𠇷, 𠰮, 𡊳, 夝, 姓, 𭒿, 𭚕, 徃, 性, 泩, 狌, 𭤯, 栍, 殅, 𤇣, 牲, 珄, 胜, 𮁢, 𤬸, 𥑥, 𮄫, 﨡, 旌, 貹, 𧻊, 𨠠, 𡲥, 鉎, 𫕹, 𬈤, 𦎡, 𮪨, 𩲵, 嬎, 鮏, 𪊟, 𪌜, 嬔, 鼪, 𫦽
• 𠡏, 𨚥, 𭃚, 𪯉, 𣢡, 𣬺, 𩇛, 䲼(𬸆), 𢘡, 𤇓, 眚, 𥑦, 𩢫, 苼, 星, 笙, 𠻖, 𩫍, 曐, 㽮, 𤵙, 䴤, 𠤵

• 隆

Wikisource

• KangXi: page 754, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21670
• Dae Jaweon: page 1162, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2575, character 1
• Unihan data for U+751F

Historical forms of the character 生
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 屮 (“bud”) + 一 (“ground”) – sprouting from the ground.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with Burmese ရှင် (hrang, “to live; alive”), Mizo hring (“to bear; to bring forth; to give birth to; green”).

Schuessler (2007) proposes that Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ is derived from the root *sri (“to exist”) (whence possibly Chinese 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ, “body; shape; form”)) + *-ŋ (“terminative suffix”).

Both level tone and falling tone readings are found in Middle Chinese, but the latter has since been lost and is merged into the level-tone reading in modern dialects.

Related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “blue-green”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ, “dark blue; deep green”).

Derivatives: 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature; character; personality; quality”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “family name”).

生

1. to live; to subsist; to exist
2. to grow; to develop; to bud

   • 紅豆生南國，春來發幾枝？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     红豆生南国，春来发几枝？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 王維／王维 《相思》

     Hóngdòu shēng nánguó, chūn lái fā jǐ zhī? [Pinyin]

     Red berries grow in southern lands. When spring arrives how many seedlings would sprout?

3. (causative) to bear; to give birth; to bring up; to rear

   他妻子生了一對雙胞胎女孩。 [MSC, trad.]
   他妻子生了一对双胞胎女孩。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā qīzǐ shēng le yī duì shuāngbāotāi nǚhái. [Pinyin]

   His wife gave birth to twin girls.

4. to be born; to come into existence

   他生在中國。／他生在中国。  ―  Tā shēng zài zhōngguó.  ―  He was born in China.

   • 那光是真光，照亮一切生在世上的人。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

     From: 新標點和合本／新标点和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 約翰福音 (John) 1:9

     Nà guāng shì zhēn guāng, zhàoliàng yīqiè shēng zài shìshàng de rén. [Pinyin]

     That was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world.

5. pupil; disciple; student

   你作為全日制生必須定期上課。 [MSC, trad.]
   你作为全日制生必须定期上课。 [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ zuòwèi quánrìzhì shēng bìxū dìngqī shàngkè. [Pinyin]

   As a full-time student, you should attend classes on a regular basis.

6. (historical) scholar; Confucian scholar
7. (opera) actor or male character
8. Short for 先生 (xiānshēng, “gentleman”).
   1. (Cantonese, honorific, suffix) Short for 先生 (xiānshēng, “Mr.”).

      陳生／陈生 [Cantonese]  ―  can⁴ saang¹ [Jyutping]  ―  Mr. Chan

9. having life; live

   Synonym: 活 (huó)

   規矩係死嘅，人係生嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   规矩系死嘅，人系生嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   kwai¹ geoi² hai⁶ sei² ge³, jan⁴ hai⁶ saang¹ ge³. [Jyutping]

   Rules are lifeless; humans are not.

   條魚啱啱喺條河度釣上嚟，仲係生嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   条鱼啱啱喺条河度钓上嚟，仲系生嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   tiu⁴ jyu^4-2 ngaam¹ ngaam¹ hai² tiu⁴ ho⁴ dou⁶ diu³ soeng⁵ lai⁴, zung⁶ hai⁶ saang¹ ge³. [Jyutping]

   The fish was just caught with a hook and line from the river. It is still alive'.

10. life; existence; being; living

    殺生／杀生  ―  shāshēng  ―  to destroy a life

11. fresh; not stale
12. unripe
13. raw; uncooked

    Antonym: 熟 (shú)

    生洋蔥／生洋葱  ―  shēng yángcōng  ―  raw onions

    我覺得呢塊肉仲係太生。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我觉得呢块肉仲系太生。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    ngo⁵ gok³ dak¹ ni¹ faai³ juk⁶ zung⁶ hai⁶ taai³ saang¹. [Jyutping]

    I think this piece of meat is too raw.

14. (historical ethnography) uncultured; uncultivated; wild; uncivilized; savage

    生黎  ―  shēng Lí  ―  wild Li

15. strange; unfamiliar

    生人  ―  shēngrén  ―  stranger

16. mechanically; forcedly
17. very; quite; extremely

    生怕  ―  shēngpà  ―  to fear; to be afraid of

18. vivid; strong; forceful
19. innate; natural; born with
20. ^† Original form of 性 (xìng, “intelligence; natural endowment”).
21. living things; organism
22. livelihood; subsistence

    謀生／谋生  ―  móushēng  ―  to make a living

23. lifetime; all one's life

    來生／来生  ―  láishēng  ―  afterlife

24. birthday; anniversary

    慶生／庆生  ―  qìngshēng  ―  to celebrate one's birthday

25. to bring back to life; to revive; to rescue

    • 苟使意如得改事君，所謂生死而肉骨也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      苟使意如得改事君，所谓生死而肉骨也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

      Gǒu shǐ yì rú dé gǎi shì jūn, suǒwèi shēng sǐ ér ròu gǔ yě. [Pinyin]

      (please add an English translation of this example)

26. to generate; to breed; to create
27. to manufacture; to produce
28. to happen; to occur; to take place
29. to catch (a disease)

    我生了什麼病？／我生了什么病？  ―  Wǒ shēng le shénme bìng?  ―  What disease have I got?

    生蛇 [Hokkien]  ―  seⁿ-chôa [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to have shingles

30. (transitive) to be infested by a parasite

    生跳蚤  ―  shēng tiàozǎo  ―  to be infested with fleas

    生蝨乸／生虱乸 [Cantonese]  ―  saang¹ sat¹ naa² [Jyutping]  ―  to be infested with lice

31. (Buddhism) to go into society; to be reincarnated
32. (dialectal) to set up; to put in; to settle
33. to light; to ignite (a fire)

    母親沒有生爐子。／母亲没有生炉子。  ―  Mǔqīn méi yǒu shēng lúzi.  ―  Mother did not light the stove.

34. a surname

生

1. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note high do (1̇).

   Synonym: 仩 (shàng) (Kunqu)

Phono-semantic matching of Japanese さん (-san).

生

1. (Hong Kong, honorific, suffix) -san, when referring to a Japanese person

• 桑 (sāng)

• See 生/derived terms § Chinese.

• “生”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Tō-on: さん (san)
• Kun: いきる (ikiru, 生きる, Jōyō); いかす (ikasu, 生かす, Jōyō); いける (ikeru, 生ける, Jōyō); うぶ (ubu, 生); うむ (umu, 生む, Jōyō); うまれる (umareru, 生まれる, Jōyō); うまれる (umareru, 生れる); うまれ (umare, 生れ); おう (ou, 生う, Jōyō); はえる (haeru, 生える, Jōyō); はやす (hayasu, 生やす, Jōyō); き (ki, 生, Jōyō); なま (nama, 生, Jōyō); なる (naru, 生る); なす (nasu, 生す); むす (musu, 生す)
• Nanori: あさ (asa); い (i); いき (iki); いく (iku); いけ (ike); うぶ (ubu); うまい (umai); え (e); おい (oi); ぎゅう (gyū); くるみ (kurumi); ごせ (gose); さ (sa); じょ (jo); すぎ (sugi); そ (so); そう (sō); ちる (chiru); なば (naba); にう (niu); にゅう (nyū); ふ (fu); み (mi); もう (mō); よい (yoi); りゅう (ryū)

From Old Japanese. Numerous derivatives already in use in the Heian period.[1][2]

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) な​ま [náꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
• IPA^(key): [na̠ma̠]

生(なま) • (nama) 

1. a raw, uncooked state

   肉(にく)を生(なま)のまま食(た)べると、腹(はら)を壊(こわ)すことがある。

   Niku o nama no mama taberu to, hara o kowasu koto ga aru.

   You may have a stomachache if you eat raw meat.

2. Short for 生ビール (“draft beer”).

生(なま) • (nama-) 

1. (broadcasting) live

   生(なま)演奏(えんそう)

   namaensō

   live performance

2. fresh, draft

   生(なま)クリーム

   nama kurīmu

   fresh cream

   生(なま)ビール

   nama bīru

   draft beer

3. raw, uncooked, rare

   生(なま)卵(たまご)

   nama tamago

   a raw egg

4. natural, unprocessed

• See 生/derived terms § Nama.

From Middle Chinese 生 (MC ʃˠæŋ, ʃˠæŋ^H, “alive; fresh; raw; unprocessed”).

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) せ​ー [séꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
• IPA^(key): [se̞ː]

生(せい) • (sei) 

1. a living

   生(せい)を営(いとな)む

   sei o itonamu

   make a living

2. life

   生(せい)の喜(よろこ)び

   sei no yorokobi

   the joys of life

   Synonym: 命 (inochi)

生(せい) • (sei) 

1. (humble) I or me, the first person singular (used by males)

生(せい) • (-sei) 

1. a student

   中学(ちゅうがく)生(せい)、大学(だいがく)生(せい)、受験(じゅけん)生(せい)

   chūgakusei, daigakusei, jukensei

   middle-school student, university student, test-taking student → examinee

2. (be) born in

   1950(せんきゅうひゃくごじゅう)年(ねん)生(せい)

   sen-kyūhyaku-gojū-nen sei

   born in 1950

   Antonym: 歿 (botsu) ("died in")

• See 生/derived terms § Sei.

Likely a contraction from 生き (iki, “life, living; freshness”).[1]

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) き​ [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
• IPA^(key): [kʲi]

生(き) • (ki) 

1. purity, a lack of any admixture, a state of being undiluted

   ウィスキーを生(き)で飲(の)む

   wisukī o ki de nomu

   drink whiskey straight

生(き) • (ki-) 

1. unrefined

   生(き)糸(いと)

   kiito

   raw silk

2. pure, undefiled, unadulterated

   生(き)娘(むすめ)

   kimusume

   innocent young girl

• See 生/derived terms § Ki.

From Middle Chinese 生 (MC ʃˠæŋ, ʃˠæŋ^H). The 呉音 (goon) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.

• (Tokyo) しょ​ー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ː]

生(しょう) • (shō) 

1. life; lifetime

• See 生/derived terms § Shō.

• Appendix:Gikun Usage in Meiji Version of Japanese Bible/生

From Middle Chinese 生 (MC ʃˠæŋ, ʃˠæŋ^H).

Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.

Wikisource Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.

1. Hanja form^? of 생 (“raw; uncooked”).
2. Hanja form^? of 생 (“of life; to be born”).
3. Hanja form^? of 생 (“to produce”).

• See 生/derived terms § Saeng.

• Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information. (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information..

Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.

Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.

• Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.

Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.

1. chữ Hán form of sinh (“to produce; to yield; to give birth to”).
2. chữ Hán form of sanh (“to be born”).
3. Nôm form of siêng (“dilligent; assiduous”).

• See 生/derived terms § Sinh.
• See 生/derived terms § Siêng.