co

co

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Corsican.

co (plural cos)

1. (colloquial) Clipping of company.

• co., Co, Co.

• yield co

co

1. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of company and related forms of that word.

• (US) enPR: kō, IPA^(key): /koʊ/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oʊ

co (third-person singular, gender-neutral, reflexive coself)

1. (nonstandard) they (singular). Gender-neutral subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
   • 1983, Ingrid Komar, Living the Dream: A Documentary Study of Twin Oaks Community:

     Co consistently does less than cos share of the Community work. 4. Co absents coself from the Community for more than three weeks [...]

   • 1996, Brett Beemyn, Mickey Elianon, Queer studies: a lesbian, gay, bisexual, & transgender anthology, page 74:

     At the very least, an individual might have to use different terms to describe coself in a heterosexual context than co uses in a sexual minority context [...]

   • 2004 April 1, "Pieira dos Lobos" (username), "Fern's Story two", alt.magick.serious, Usenet:

     A youngster of my own introduction had been rejected by an object of preadolescent craving and had killed coself by leaping at the ceiling of co's quarters. Co was a rising Large Game star, her spring was powerful, our gravity flux was low - co's head struck the surface with enough force to kill on impact.

2. (nonstandard) them (singular). Gender-neutral object pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns him and her.

• (as subject): he, she
• (as object): him, her

• cos
• coself

• other attested gender-neutral pronouns

• O. C., O.C., OC, Oc, Oc.

From Old Czech čso, from Proto-Slavic *čьto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid, *kʷis.

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡so]

• audio

  (file)

co

1. what

   Co se děje? ― What's up?

   Co se stalo? ― What happened?

co

1. that

   Od té doby, co jsme spolu… ― Since we’ve been together… (literally, “Since the time that we’ve been together…”)

2. what

   Ví, co chce. ― He knows what he wants.

co

1. (indeclinable) isn't it so, don't you think?

   To je pěkné, co? ― That’s nice, isn’t it?

• kdo
• kdy
• kde

• co in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• co in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• co in Internetová jazyková příručka

From Latin quod.

co

1. what

• IPA^(key): /soː/

co

1. water

• Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDuᵐbea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
• Shintani, T.L.A. & Païta, Y. (1990) Dictionnaire de la langue de Païta, Nouméa: Sociéte d'etudes historiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cited in: "Drubea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

• IPA^(key): [t͡so]
• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: co

co (accusative singular co-on, plural co-oj, accusative plural co-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter C.

• (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

co

1. grass

From contraction of preposition con (“with”) + masculine definite article o (“the”).

co m (feminine coa, masculine plural cos, feminine plural coas)

1. with the

From Old French coc.

co m

1. rooster, cockerel, cock

• IPA^(key): /t͡so/

co (plural ci)

1. Alternative form of ico (“this”)

• IPA^(key): /so˥/

co

1. Northern Khumi form of caw

• D. A. Peterson (2013), “Aesthetic aspects of Khumi grammar”, in The Aesthetics of Grammar, Cambridge University Press, page 220

co

1. than (used in comparisons)

co

1. how (in what manner)
2. how (in what state)

• coche

• zo (obsolete)

• IPA^(key): /t͡sɔ/

From Proto-Slavic *čьto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid, *kʷis.

co

1. what (interrogative)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

co

1. third-person singular present of kśěś

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “co”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999), “co”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

• go

From Old Irish co, from Proto-Celtic *kʷos.

co (takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)

1. to, toward
   • c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 1, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:

     Ro·ferad failte friu uile, ocus ructha chucisium isin mbruidin.

     They were all made welcome and brought to him in the hall.

Forms combined with an object pronoun

• 1st person singular: chucum, chucom, cucom, cugam
  • emphatic: chucumsa, chucomso, cucomsa, cugamsa
• 2nd person singular: chucut
  • emphatic: chucutsu
• 3rd person singular masculine: chuc(a)i, cuc(a)i, chu(i)ce, cuce
  • emphatic: c(h)ucisium
• 3rd person singular feminine: chu(i)cci
• 1st person plural: cucain(n), chucaind, chucund, cucund
  • emphatic: cucainni, cucainne
• 3rd person plural: c(h)ucu, chucco, cuco, c(h)uca), c(h)uctu, chucta

Forms combined with the definite article:

• cos(s)in, cus(s)in(d) (masculine/feminine singular)
• cos(s)a (neuter singular)
• cusna (plural)

Forms combined with the relative particle:

• cos(s)a

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

• 1st person singular: com
• 2nd person singular: cot
• 3rd person: co a, ca

• Irish: chuig, chun, go
• Scottish Gaelic: gu

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 co “to, towards””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

From Old French colp, coup, from Vulgar Latin *colpus, from Classical Latin colaphus (“blow with the fist; cuff”), from Ancient Greek κόλαφος (kólaphos, “blow, slap”).

co m (plural cos)

1. (Jersey) blow

• coup

From Old French coq, coc.

co m (plural cos)

1. (Jersey) cockerel

• co journieaux

From Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”).

co m (plural cos)

1. (Jersey, Guernsey, Normandy, anatomy) neck

• ko (Sark)

• cihok

Compare Persian جوی‎ (juy) or Persian جو‎ (ju).

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒoː/

co m

1. ditch, trench, channel, canal, duct, fosse, aqueduct, sluice

• cobar

• IPA^(key): [ko]

From Proto-Celtic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”).[1] Cognate with German ge- (“with”) (collective prefix) and gegen (“toward, against”), English gain-, Spanish con (“with”).

co (takes the dative, triggers nasalization) (abbreviated ɔ)

1. with

   Synonym: la

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 97^d10

     Is peccad díabul lesom .i. fodord doïb di dommatu, ⁊ du·fúairthed ní leu fora sáith din main, ⁊ todlugud inna féulæ ɔ amairis nánda·tibérad Día doïb, ⁊ nach coimnacuir ⁊ issi dano insin ind frescissiu co fochaid.

     It is a double sin in his opinion, i.e. the murmuring by them of want, although there remained some of the manna with them upon their satiety, and demanding the meat with faithlessness that Good would not give it to them, and [even] that he could not; therefore that is the expectation with testing.

Forms combined with the definite article:

• cosind (dative singular)
• cosnaib (dative plural)

Combinations with possessive determiners:

• com (1st person singular)
• cut, cot (2nd person singular)
• cona (3rd person singular)

• Middle Irish: co

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 co “with””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “An interrogative formation?”)

co

1. how?

   Co·bbia mo ḟechtas? ― How will my expedition be?

The adverb is followed by the dependent form of the verb, which is neither nasalized nor lenited.

• cote

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “4 co “how?””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

From Proto-Celtic *kʷos, compare Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”) (hence Russian ко (ko, “to”)) of similar meaning.[2]

co (takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)

1. to, toward
   • c. 700, Immram Brain, published in The Voyage of Bran son of Febal to the land of the living (1895, London: David Nutt), pp. 1-35, edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer and Alfred Nutt, stanza 45

     Olc líth do·lluid ind nathir cosin n-athir dia chathir!

     [It was] a bad day when the Serpent came to the father [Adam], to the city [in Paradise]!

   • c. 775, Táin Bó Fraích from the Book of Leinster, published in Táin bó Fraích (1974, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited by Wolfgang Meid, line 262

     "Gairid damsa Findabair!", ol sé. Do·tháet Findabair cucai, ⁊ coíca ingen impe.

     "Call Findabair over to me!" [Ailill] said. Findabair came to him, with fifty maidens around her.

2. up to, until
3. used with the neuter accusative singular of an adjective to form an adverb: -ly[3]
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 14^d3

     cid écen aisndís do neuch as doruid co léir, ní sechmalfaider cuimre and dano

     though it is necessary to explain carefully anything that is difficult, however brevity will not be passed by

Forms combined with the definite article:

• cos(s)in (masculine/feminine singular)
• cos(s)a (neuter singular)
• cosna (plural)

Forms combined with the relative particle:

• cos(s)a

• cosse

• Middle Irish: co, go
  • Irish: chuig, chun, go
  • Scottish Gaelic: gu

co (triggers nasalization, followed by the prototonic or conjunct form of a verb, may be followed by an infixed pronoun) (abbreviated ɔ)

1. until
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 21^c22

     ní fitir cid muntar nime conidro·foilsigsetar apstil doib

     not even heaven’s household knew it until the apostles had revealed it to them

2. so that
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10^d36

     co nos·berinn dochum hirisse

     that I might bring them unto faith

   Synonym: ara

For more quotations using this term, see Citations:co.

A leniting co that takes absolute and deuterotonic forms is also attested in the glosses only.

• coní (“so that…not”) (corresponding to the nasalizing conjunction)
• conna (“so that…not”) (corresponding to the leniting conjunction)

• Irish: go
• Scottish Gaelic: gu
• Manx: dy

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 co “to, towards””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “3 co “until, so that””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 433, 829, 896–97

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьso, variant of Proto-Slavic *česo, i.e. genitive of Proto-Slavic *čьto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid.

• IPA^(key): /t͡sɔ/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: co

co

1. what

co

1. every (referring to frequency)

   co miesiąc ― every month

• co in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• co in Polish dictionaries at PWN

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) che
• (Sutsilvan) ca
• (Surmiran) tgi
• (Puter) cu

From Latin quam or quod.

co

1. (Vallader) than

From Proto-Slavic *čьto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid, *kʷis.

IPA^(key): [t͡sɔ]

co

1. what

• IPA^(key): /ˈko/ [ˈko]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: co

co m (plural cos)

1. (Aragón, colloquial) dude, friend

• compañero
• colega
• compa

co

1. Misspelling of có.

• con

From Latin cum. Compare Italian con.

co

1. with, together

• có

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kɔ˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [kɔ˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [kɔ˧˧]

co

1. to shrink (to become smaller)

   Antonym: phồng

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃo/

co

1. (transitive) to see

• coo, cio

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

From Tibetan མཚོ (mtsho).

• IPA^(key): [t͡sʰo]

co

1. lake

• Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN

• quo

From Middle English quethen, from Old English cweþan, from Proto-West Germanic *kweþan.

co

1. quoth, saith
   • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

     Co thou; Co he.

     Quoth thou; Says he.

• Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 31