su
Translingual
Alemannic German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle High German sun, from Old High German sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz. Cognate with German Sohn, Dutch zoon, English son, Icelandic sonur.
References
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Aromanian
Awa-Cuaiquer
Azerbaijani
Cyrillic | су | |
---|---|---|
Perso-Arabic | سو |
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *sub.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [su]
Audio (file)
Noun
su (definite accusative suyu, plural sular) (countable, uncountable)
- water
- Bəzi ölkərdə əhalinin təmiz içməli suyu yoxdur.
- In some countries, the population doesn't have clean drinking water.
- stəkana su tökmək ― to pour water into a glass
- juice
- armud suyu ― pear juice.
- Pomidorun suyu buxarlanıb yalnız “əti” qalmalıdır. ― The juice of the tomato should vaporize and only the "meat" remain.
Declension
The words nə and su (and sometimes mövqe) are the only ones in Azerbaijani to take a y in the singular accusative, genitive, and dative cases, and in the singular possessive forms.
Declension of su | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | su |
sular | ||||||
definite accusative | suyu |
suları | ||||||
dative | suya |
sulara | ||||||
locative | suda |
sularda | ||||||
ablative | sudan |
sulardan | ||||||
definite genitive | suyun |
suların |
Possessive forms of su | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | suyum | sularım | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | suyun | suların | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | suyu | suları | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | suyumuz | sularımız | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | suyunuz | sularınız | ||||||
onların (“their”) | suyu or suları | suları | ||||||
accusative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | suyumu | sularımı | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | suyunu | sularını | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | suyunu | sularını | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | suyumuzu | sularımızı | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | suyunuzu | sularınızı | ||||||
onların (“their”) | suyunu or sularını | sularını | ||||||
dative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | suyuma | sularıma | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | suyuna | sularına | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | suyuna | sularına | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | suyumuza | sularımıza | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | suyunuza | sularınıza | ||||||
onların (“their”) | suyuna or sularına | sularına | ||||||
locative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | suyumda | sularımda | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | suyunda | sularında | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | suyunda | sularında | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | suyumuzda | sularımızda | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | suyunuzda | sularınızda | ||||||
onların (“their”) | suyunda or sularında | sularında | ||||||
ablative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | suyumdan | sularımdan | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | suyundan | sularından | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | suyundan | sularından | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | suyumuzdan | sularımızdan | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | suyunuzdan | sularınızdan | ||||||
onların (“their”) | suyundan or sularından | sularından | ||||||
genitive | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | suyumun | sularımın | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | suyunun | sularının | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | suyunun | sularının | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | suyumuzun | sularımızın | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | suyunuzun | sularınızın | ||||||
onların (“their”) | suyunun or sularının | sularının |
Basque
Etymology
From Proto-Basque *su.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s̺u/, [s̺u]
Declension
Declension of su (inanimate, ending in vowel) | |||
---|---|---|---|
indefinite | singular | plural | |
absolutive | su | sua | suak |
ergative | suk | suak | suek |
dative | suri | suari | suei |
genitive | suren | suaren | suen |
comitative | surekin | suarekin | suekin |
causative | surengatik | suarengatik | suengatik |
benefactive | surentzat | suarentzat | suentzat |
instrumental | suz | suaz | suez |
inessive | sutan | suan | suetan |
locative | sutako | suko | suetako |
allative | sutara | sura | suetara |
terminative | sutaraino | suraino | suetaraino |
directive | sutarantz | surantz | suetarantz |
destinative | sutarako | surako | suetarako |
ablative | sutatik | sutik | suetatik |
partitive | surik | — | — |
prolative | sutzat | — | — |
Derived terms
Bikol Central
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /su/
Article
su
- (Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon) direct marker placed before common nouns
- Kinua ko na su pakete.
- I already got the package
- Synonym: si
Czech
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /su/
Usage notes
- Only used in grammatical contexts where být (“to be”) is used as a main verb; where it is an auxiliary verb the standard form jsem is used. The same speaker would, for example, say "su doma" (= I'm at home) but "dorazil jsem" (= I (have) arrived).
Estonian
French
Related terms
Further reading
- “su”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Greenlandic
Root
su
- Usually has interrogative meaning.
Usage notes
Like pi, su is not used on its own, but must be supplied with affixes or inflectional endings.
Guaraní
Hausa
Ido
Etymology
From Esperanto si, from French se, Italian sé, Spanish se, ultimately from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé + -u (“personal pronoun ending”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /su/
Pronoun
See also
![]() |
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
Third person | Masculine | ilu, il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
Feminine | elu, el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
Neuter | olu, ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
Common | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
Indefinite | onu, on | onua | onui | onu, on | onua | onui | |
Notes | |||||||
The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. |
Ili Turki
References
- Zhào Xiāngrú and Reinhard F. Hahn (1989). "The Ili Turk People and Their Language". Central Asiatic Journal.
Indo-Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese seu, from Latin suus, from Old Latin *sovos, from Proto-Indo-European *swoyos.
Interlingua
Usage notes
- Does not decline on the basis of gender or number.
Italian
Alternative forms
- sù (misspelling)
Etymology
From an older form suso, from Latin sūsum, a variant of Latin sūrsum.[1] Cognate to French sus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsu/*
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -u
- Hyphenation: sù
Derived terms
- in su
- lassù
- più su
- su di giri
- su e giù
- su per giù
- tiramisù
Preposition
su
- on, upon, onto, on top
- Lezione d'inglese numero 1: Il libro è sulla tavola.
- English lesson number 1: The book is on the table.
- over
- L'orologio sul polsino della camicia era il marchio di fabbrica di Gianni Agnelli.
- The watch over the shirt cuff was Gianni Agnelli's trademark.
- about, on
- Gli italiani non sono d'accordo su molte cose sul come cucinare la pasta e soprattutto sul condimento.
- Italians don't agree on many things about how to cook pasta and especially on the sauce.
- above
- La Paz, che sorge a circa 3600 metri sul livello del mare, è la più alta capitale del mondo.
- La Paz, which lies about 3600 metres above sea level, is the world's highest capital city.
- in, out of
- Un europeo su cinque avrà più di 65 anni entro il 2025.
- One in five Europeans will be more than 65 years old by year 2025.
Usage notes
- When followed by the definite article, su combines with the article to produce the following combined forms:
Derived terms
References
- Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
Italiot Greek
Related terms
Number (style) | singular (familiar) | plural (formal) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
strong | weak | strong | weak | |
nominative | esù / isù | — | esì / isì | — |
genitive | (e)sena | su† | esà | sas† |
accusative | (e)sena | se | esà | sas |
vocative | esù / isù | — | esì / isì | — |
† These terms double as possessive pronouns. All personal pronoun forms are displayed at evò (“I”). |
Ladino
Usage notes
For many speakers, su agrees with the antecedent in number, rather than with the noun being described.
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śun, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm, or from Proto-Indo-European *som-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sʊ]
Preposition
sù (with instrumental)
- with
- identifies the object of a reciprocal action
- kalbėtis su draugu ― to talk with a friend
- identifies accompanying people or objects
- identifies an ingredient, feature, or contents
- dėžutė su dokumentais ― a box of documents
- pyragas su braškėmis ― pie with strawberries
- identifies time by means of a simultaneous event
- compares two things that are similar/identical
- identifies the state of a subject during an action
- identifies an instrument (equivalent to using the instrumental without su)
- identifies the object of a reciprocal action
Antonyms
Further reading
- Vytautas Ambrazas (2006), “3. Morphology § 8.29”, in Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition, page 419
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “su”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 434
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [su]
Verb
su
- third-person plural present of byś
- 1998, Erwin Hannusch, chapter 1, Niedersorbisch praktisch und verständlich, Bautzen: Domowina Verlag, →ISBN, page 20:
- Tšochu dalej su Stare wiki.
- Somewhat further on is the Old Market.
- 2011 September 27, I. Neumannojc, “Sadowe bomy za derjeměśe luźa a natury”, Nowy Casnik:
- Sadowe bomy w burskich gumnach a teke na dwórach su typiske za naš region.
- Fruit trees in farmers’ gardens and even in courtyards are typical for our region.
- 1998, Erwin Hannusch, chapter 1, Niedersorbisch praktisch und verständlich, Bautzen: Domowina Verlag, →ISBN, page 20:
Mandarin
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle Low German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /syː/
Min Nan
For pronunciation and definitions of su – see 軀 (“human body; body; etc.”). (This character, su, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 軀.) |
Norman
Etymology 1
From Old French sud, su (“south”), from Old English sūþ, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą.
Etymology 2
From Old French sur (“sour, bitter”), from a Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *sūraz (“sour, acidic, salty, damp”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūro- (“sour, salty, bitter”).
Northern Sami
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From Old Norse sú, accusative singular indefinite of sýr f, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-.
Noun
su f (definite singular sua, indefinite plural suer, definite plural suene)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Noun
su f (definite singular sua, indefinite plural suer, definite plural suene)
- (dialectal) flow of waves at a beach
- (dialectal) a slipstream
Synonyms
- (flow of waves): bølgegang, båregang
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *sū, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-. Germanic cognates include Old Saxon sū, Old High German sū (whence German Sau), Old Norse sýr (whence Swedish so). Other Indo-European cognates: Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs), Latin sus, Russian свинья́ (svinʹjá).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /suː/
Declension
Salar
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *sub.
References
Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “su”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow
Sardinian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /su/
Sicilian
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *ipsu, from Latin ipsum, from ipse.
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin suus, suum, from Proto-Italic *sowos, from Proto-Indo-European *sewos, from *swé.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /su/ [su]
Audio (Colombia) (file) - Rhymes: -u
- Syllabification: su
Determiner
su (third person possessive of singular, plural sus)
- (before the noun) Apocopic form of suyo His, her, its, one's, their, your (formal)
- Vino con su amigo.
- He came with his friend.
- Habló a sus hijas.
- She spoke to her daughters.
- used to express an approximate number: About, approximately
- Pesa sus dos kilogramos.
- It weighs about two kilograms.
- (literally, “It weighs its two kilograms.”)
- (before the noun, formal) Apocopic form of suyo Your
Usage notes
The forms su and sus are only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified noun. In other positions, a form of suyo is used instead:
- Son sus libros. — “[They] are his books.”
- Son los libros suyos. — “[They] are his books.” (“...the books of him.”)
- Son los suyos. — "[They] are his."
Besides being a pronoun, because su occurs in a noun phrase and expresses reference, it also grammatically classifies as a determiner (specifically a possessive/genitive determiner).
Related terms
possessor | preposed | postposed or standalone | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
possessee | possessee | ||||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | ||||
First person: | singular: | mi | mis | mío | mía | míos | mías |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | nuestro | nuestra | nuestros | nuestras | ||
Second person (informal): |
singular: | tu | tus | tuyo | tuya | tuyos | tuyas |
plural: | (same as postposed/standalone) | vuestro | vuestra | vuestros | vuestras | ||
Third person: | su | sus | suyo | suya | suyos | suyas |
Further reading
- “su”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish صو (su), from earlier *suv, from Proto-Turkic *sub (“water”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰽𐰆𐰉 (sub).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /su/
- Hyphenation: su
Declension
The declension of su is somewhat irregular: the genitive form of the singular is suyun and not sunun; also, the third-person-singular possessive is suyu and not susu.
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | su | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | suyu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | su | sular | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | suyu | suları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | suya | sulara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | suda | sularda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | sudan | sulardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | suyun | suların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Uyghur
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *suu.
Inflection
Inflection of su (inflection type 13/ma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | su | ||
genitive sing. | sun | ||
partitive sing. | sud | ||
partitive plur. | suid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | su | sud | |
accusative | sun | sud | |
genitive | sun | suiden | |
partitive | sud | suid | |
essive-instructive | sun | suin | |
translative | suks | suikš | |
inessive | sus | suiš | |
elative | suspäi | suišpäi | |
illative | suhu | suihe | |
adessive | sul | suil | |
ablative | sulpäi | suilpäi | |
allative | sule | suile | |
abessive | suta | suita | |
comitative | sunke | suidenke | |
prolative | sudme | suidme | |
approximative I | sunno | suidenno | |
approximative II | sunnoks | suidennoks | |
egressive | sunnopäi | suidennopäi | |
terminative I | suhusai | suihesai | |
terminative II | sulesai | suilesai | |
terminative III | sussai | — | |
additive I | suhupäi | suihepäi | |
additive II | sulepäi | suilepäi |
Derived terms
- azegensu
- avoinsu
- hijamsu
- magedsu
- oružjsu
- sulagi
- sunkibu
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Vinh) IPA(key): [ʂu˧˥]
Western Yugur
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *sub, compare Turkish su.
References
- Léi Xuănchūn, Xībù Yùgù-Hàn Cídiăn, Chéngdŭ, Sichuan Minzu Chubanshe, 1992