落

落 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿水竹口 (TEHR), four-corner 4416₄, composition ⿱艹洛)

• KangXi: page 1043, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31362
• Dae Jaweon: page 1503, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3255, character 8
• Unihan data for U+843D
• Unihan data for U+F918

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 洛 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/g)la-k/y/t (“to fall”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007):

within Sinitic, cognate to 露 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs) "dew", 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs, “down, below, to descend, to fall down”) , 陊 (OC *l'aːlʔ, *l'alʔ) "to collapse" and 阤 (OC *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ) "hillside, slope";

outsides Sinitic, cognate to Mizo tla ~ tlâk (“to fall”) and thla ~ thlâk (“to drop”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall”) and ချ (hkya., “to drop”).

Schuessler attributes OC *r-, instead of expected **l-, to possible Austroasiatic influence: compare Khmer [script needed] (gra'ka, “be low, debased”) < [script needed] (-ra'ka, “to fall, below, cover from above”). However, Matisoff (2003) identifies several ST etyma which display TB *(C‑)l- vs. OC *(C‑)r‑ correspondence (e.g. *l(j)a(k/ŋ) (“good, beautiful”) → 良 (OC *raŋ), *g/m-liŋ (“neck”) → 領 (OC *reŋʔ), etc.) and TB *(C‑)r- vs. OC *(C‑)l‑ (e.g. *g-rjum (“salt”) → 鹽 (OC *ɡ·lam)); so irregularities in correspondence do not necessarily indicate foreign influences.

落

1. to fall; to drop

   落淚／落泪  ―  luòlèi  ―  to shed tears

   隕石為什麼總是落在隕石坑裡？ [MSC, trad.]
   陨石为什么总是落在陨石坑里？ [MSC, simp.]

   Yǔnshí wèishénme zǒngshì luò zài yǔnshíkēng lǐ? [Pinyin]

   Why do meteors always fall right into craters? (a joke question)

   • 花落知多少 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: 689—740, 孟浩然 (Meng Hao Ran), 《春曉》 (“A Spring Day's Morning”)

     huā luò zhī duōshǎo [Pinyin]

     How many are the fallen flowers?

2. to go down; to descend

   日落  ―  rìluò  ―  sunset

   潮水落了。  ―  Cháoshuǐ luò le.  ―  The tide is low.

   鳥兒落在樹枝上。／鸟儿落在树枝上。  ―  Niǎo'ér luò zài shùzhī shàng.  ―  The bird lands on the branch

3. (Cantonese, Min Nan) to go down; to descend

   落樓梯／落楼梯 [Cantonese]  ―  lok⁶ lau⁴ tai¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to go down the stairs

   我落一落樓下。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我落一落楼下。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ lok⁶ jat¹ lok⁶ lau⁴ haa⁶. [Jyutping]

   I will go downstairs for a while.

4. to lower
5. to decline

   衰落  ―  shuāiluò  ―  to decline; to go downhill

   家道中落  ―  jiādàozhōngluò  ―  the family fortunes has declined

6. to fall into

   落水  ―  luòshuǐ  ―  to fall into the water

   • 誤落塵網中，一去三十年。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     误落尘网中，一去三十年。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Tao Yuanming, 歸園田居‧其一

     Wù luò chénwǎng zhōng, yī qù sānshí nián. [Pinyin]

     But by mistakes I fell in mundane snares, and thus was entangled for thirteen years.

7. to stop

   落腳／落脚  ―  luòjiǎo  ―  to stop over; to put up

   話音未落／话音未落  ―  huàyīn wèi luò  ―  before one has finished speaking

8. to leave behind; to write down
9. to lag behind; to fall behind

   落選／落选  ―  luòxuǎn  ―  to lose an election

   落伍  ―  luòwǔ  ―  to be behind the times

10. place where one stops

    下落  ―  xiàluò  ―  whereabouts

    段落  ―  duànluò  ―  paragraph

11. settlement

    村落  ―  cūnluò  ―  village

12. to fall onto

    大權旁落／大权旁落  ―  dàquánpángluò  ―  power has fallen into the hands of others

    這個任務落到了我身上。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个任务落到了我身上。 [MSC, simp.]

    Zhège rènwù luò dào le wǒ shēnshàng. [Pinyin]

    (please add an English translation of this example)

13. to get; to receive

    落不是  ―  làobùshi  ―  to get blamed

14. (Cantonese, Min Nan, Wu) to get off (a vehicle)

    落船 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  lok⁶ syun⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  to disembark from a boat

    落車／落车 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  lok⁶ ce¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to alight; to exit a car

    落車／落车 [Hokkien]  ―  lo̍h-chhia [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to alight; to exit a car

15. (Cantonese, Min Nan, Wu) to fall down; to rain or snow

    啲雨一滴都未落佢已經喺度攞住把遮行。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    啲雨一滴都未落佢已经喺度𫽋住把遮行。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    di¹ jyu⁵ jat¹ dik¹ dou¹ mei⁶ lok⁶ keoi⁵ ji⁵ ging¹ hai² dou⁶ lo² zyu⁶ baa² ze¹ haang⁴. [Jyutping]

    He had already started to carry an umbrella before the rain even began to fall.

16. (Cantonese, Min Nan) to add; to put in (to food)

    落味精 [Cantonese]  ―  lok⁶ mei⁶ zing¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to add MSG

17. (Cantonese, Hokkien, Teochew) down [onto; to]

    打落地下度 [Cantonese]  ―  daa² lok⁶ dei⁶ haa^6-2 dou⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  to hit something and cause it to fall to the ground

18. (Min Dong) Classifier for residences.
19. (Cantonese) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    佢睇落幾靚仔。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢睇落几靓仔。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    keoi⁵ tai² lok⁶ gei² leng³ zai². [Jyutping]

    He seems to be quite handsome.

20. (Cantonese) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    做落先知原來咁難。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    做落先知原来咁难。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    zou⁶ lok⁶ sin¹ zi¹ jyun⁴ loi⁴ gam³ naan⁴. [Jyutping]

    (please add an English translation of this example)

• 加 (jiā, “to add”)
• 掉 (diào)

• → Ai-Cham: lau⁵
• → Thai: โละ (ló) (via Teochew loh⁸)
• → Vietnamese: lạc

落

1. to fall behind
2. to leave out
3. to leave behind

   我把鑰匙落在家裡了。 [MSC, trad.]
   我把钥匙落在家里了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ bǎ yàochí là zài jiālǐ le. [Pinyin]

   I left my key at home.

   佢又試賴低個女自己一個喺屋企。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   佢又试赖低个女自己一个喺屋企。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   keoi⁵ jau⁶ si³ laai⁶ dai¹ go³ neoi^5-2 zi⁶ gei² jat¹ go³ hai² uk¹ kei⁵. [Jyutping]

   He has once again left his daughter behind at home alone by herself.

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. to fall
2. to leave behind
3. to drop
4. to come down

• Go-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
• Kun: おちる (ochiru, 落ちる, Jōyō); おとす (otosu, 落とす, Jōyō); さと (sato)
• Nanori: おち (ochi)

• 落(お)ちる (ochiru)

From Middle Chinese 落 (MC lɑk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 락〮 (lák) (Yale: lak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource 落 (eumhun 떨어질 락 (tteoreojil rak), South Korea 떨어질 낙 (tteoreojil nak))

1. Hanja form^? of 락/낙 (“fall”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

落 (transliteration needed)

1. Nôm form of lảc.

• Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

落: Hán Nôm readings: lạc, lác, lát, nhác, rác, rạc, xạc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.