tam
Translingual
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tæm/
Audio (southern England) (file)
Etymology 1
Short for tam o'shanter.
Azerbaijani
Adverb
tam
- (of a task to be completed) done; finished; complete
- Mən kitabı hələ tam oxumamışam. ― I have not finished reading the book.
- completely, really
- Mən bu məsələni tam başa düşmədim. ― I haven't really understood this issue.
Declension
Declension of tam | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | tam |
tamlar | ||||||
definite accusative | tamı |
tamları | ||||||
dative | tama |
tamlara | ||||||
locative | tamda |
tamlarda | ||||||
ablative | tamdan |
tamlardan | ||||||
definite genitive | tamın |
tamların |
Possessive forms of tam | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | tamım | tamlarım | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | tamın | tamların | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | tamı | tamları | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | tamımız | tamlarımız | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | tamınız | tamlarınız | ||||||
onların (“their”) | tamı or tamları | tamları | ||||||
accusative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | tamımı | tamlarımı | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | tamını | tamlarını | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | tamını | tamlarını | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | tamımızı | tamlarımızı | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | tamınızı | tamlarınızı | ||||||
onların (“their”) | tamını or tamlarını | tamlarını | ||||||
dative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | tamıma | tamlarıma | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | tamına | tamlarına | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | tamına | tamlarına | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | tamımıza | tamlarımıza | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | tamınıza | tamlarınıza | ||||||
onların (“their”) | tamına or tamlarına | tamlarına | ||||||
locative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | tamımda | tamlarımda | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | tamında | tamlarında | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | tamında | tamlarında | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | tamımızda | tamlarımızda | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | tamınızda | tamlarınızda | ||||||
onların (“their”) | tamında or tamlarında | tamlarında | ||||||
ablative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | tamımdan | tamlarımdan | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | tamından | tamlarından | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | tamından | tamlarından | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | tamımızdan | tamlarımızdan | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | tamınızdan | tamlarınızdan | ||||||
onların (“their”) | tamından or tamlarından | tamlarından | ||||||
genitive | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | tamımın | tamlarımın | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | tamının | tamlarının | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | tamının | tamlarının | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | tamımızın | tamlarımızın | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | tamınızın | tamlarınızın | ||||||
onların (“their”) | tamının or tamlarının | tamlarının |
Derived terms
Chewong
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɑm/
References
- Howell, S. (1984). Society and cosmos: Chewong of peninsular Malaysia. p. 128.
- Kruspe, N. (2009). Ceq Wong vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmoor, U. (eds.). World Loanword Database.
Crimean Tatar
Czech
Etymology
From Old Czech tamo, from Proto-Slavic *tamo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtam]
audio (file)
Adverb
tam
Danish
Etymology
From Old Danish tam, from Old Norse tamr, from Proto-Germanic *tamaz, from Proto-Indo-European *demh₂-.
Inflection
Inflection of tam | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Common singular | tam | tammere | tammest2 |
Neuter singular | tamt | tammere | tammest2 |
Plural | tamme | tammere | tammest2 |
Definite attributive1 | tamme | tammere | tammeste |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *tam, from Proto-Germanic *tamaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɑm/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɑm
Adjective
tam (comparative tammer, superlative tamst)
- tame, not wild
- (figuratively) boring, unexciting, bland
Inflection
Inflection of tam | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | tam | |||
inflected | tamme | |||
comparative | tammer | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | tam | tammer | het tamst het tamste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | tamme | tammere | tamste |
n. sing. | tam | tammer | tamste | |
plural | tamme | tammere | tamste | |
definite | tamme | tammere | tamste | |
partitive | tams | tammers | — |
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tam/
Kabyle
< 7 | 8 | 9 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : tam Arabic loanword : tmanya | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Berber.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tam/
Kwama
Lashi
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tam/
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *sei, from Proto-Indo-European *téh₂m, accusative of *séh₂, feminine of *só. Confer with its masculine form Latin tum, as in cum-quam.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /tam/, [t̪ä̃ˑ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /tam/, [t̪äm]
Adverb
tam (not comparable)
Usage notes
Often coupled with quam.
- Such that "tam x, quam y" = "so x, as y"
- Spinoza, Ethica Liber V:
- Sed omnia praeclara tam difficilia, quam rara sunt.
- But all things excellent are as rare as they are difficult
- Sed omnia praeclara tam difficilia, quam rara sunt.
Often "tips off" a subjunctive clause of result.
Related terms
Descendants
- Aragonese: tan
- Asturian: tan
- Catalan: tan
- Extremaduran: tan
- Fala: tan
- French: tant
- Galician: tan
- Italian: tanto
- Guernsey Norman: tànt
- Jersey Norman: tant
- Old Catalan: tan
- Navarro-Aragonese: tan
- Old Portuguese: tan
- Old Spanish: tan
- Portuguese: tam, tão
- Sicilian: tantu
- Spanish: tan, tamaño (first element)
- Walloon: tan
References
- “tam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “tam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- tam in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- tam in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- amongst such moral depravity: tam perditis or corruptis moribus
- amongst such moral depravity: tam perditis or corruptis moribus
Lithuanian
Pronunciation
- The dative and adverbial forms have one pronunciation, while the locative form has another.
Adverb
tám
- for that purpose
- so that, in order to [followed by kàd + a subordinate clause, often in the subjunctive]
Pronoun
tam̃
Further reading
- “tam”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2023
- “tam”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2023
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *tamo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tam]
Further reading
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “tam”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999), “tam”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Middle English
Northern Kurdish
Derived terms
- bêtam
- bêtamî
- bêtamîtî
- bêtamtî
- bitam
- bitamî
- bitamîtî
- bitamtî
- tamandin
- tamandî
- tamdar
- tamdarî
- tamdarîtî
- tamdartî
- tamder
- tamderî
- tamderîtî
- tamdertî
- tamdêr
- tamdêrî
- tamdêrîtî
- tamdêrtî
- tamijandin
- tamijandî
- tamijiyayî
- tamijî
- tamijîn
- tamijîner
- tamijok
- tamî
- tam jê hatin
- tamker
- tam kirin
- tamkirî
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tʰɑːm]
Etymology 3
From Old Anatolian Turkish طام (d̥am).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tɑːm]
Norwegian Bokmål
Related terms
Norwegian Nynorsk
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *tam.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɑm/
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | tam | tamu, tamo | tam |
Accusative | tamne | tame | tam |
Genitive | tames | tamre | tames |
Dative | tamum | tamre | tamum |
Instrumental | tame | tamre | tame |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | tame | tama, tame | tamu, tamo |
Accusative | tame | tama, tame | tamu, tamo |
Genitive | tamra | tamra | tamra |
Dative | tamum | tamum | tamum |
Instrumental | tamum | tamum | tamum |
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | tama | tame | tame |
Accusative | taman | taman | tame |
Genitive | taman | taman | taman |
Dative | taman | taman | taman |
Instrumental | taman | taman | taman |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | taman | taman | taman |
Accusative | taman | taman | taman |
Genitive | tamra, tamena | tamra, tamena | tamra, tamena |
Dative | tamum | tamum | tamum |
Instrumental | tamum | tamum | tamum |
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tam/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -am
- Syllabification: tam
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Polish tamo, from Proto-Slavic *tamo.
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Portuguese
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *tamo.
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish tamber, from Old Norse tamr, from Proto-Germanic *tamaz, from Proto-Indo-European *demh₂-.
Declension
Inflection of tam | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | tam | tamare | tamast |
Neuter singular | tamt | tamare | tamast |
Plural | tama | tamare | tamast |
Masculine plural3 | tame | tamare | tamast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | tame | tamare | tamaste |
All | tama | tamare | tamaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
Related terms
Tatar
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish تام (tam, “complete, exact; completely, exactly”), from Arabic تَامّ (tāmm).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtɑm/
Derived terms
- tam sayı
- tamlık
References
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “tam”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “تام”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 480
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [taːm˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [taːm˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [taːm˧˧]
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 三 (“three”).
Derived terms
- Hội Tam Điểm (會三點, “Freemasonry”)
- tam giác (三角, “triangle”)
- tam tiêu (三焦, “triple burner”)
- tam đoạn luận (三段論, “syllogism”)
- thuyền tam bản (船三板, “sampan”)
- đàn tam (彈三, “samisen”)
See also
- (native) ba
Etymology 2
From Proto-Vietic *k-saːm. Cognate with Arem katʰæːm, Thavung saːm¹, Kuy sɛːm, Khmu [Cuang] hɛːm.
The term was probably already archaic by the time it started to be written down and was only attested in the compound 三 (anh tam, “elder brother and younger sibling”).
Noun
tam • (三)
- (obsolete) younger sibling
- 15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, “述興 Thuật hứng 19”, in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集):
- 𡶀廊盈𪀄部伴
𩄲客次月三- Núi láng diềng, chim bầu bạn,
Mây khách thứa, nguyệt anh tam. - Mountains as neighbors, birds are friends,
Clouds as guests, the moon is my kin.
- Núi láng diềng, chim bầu bạn,
-