idem
English
Etymology
From Middle English idem, borrowed from Latin idem (“the same”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɪ.dɛm/, /ˈaɪ.dɛm/
Usage notes
Used almost exclusively in footnotes of academic or scholarly papers, especially those of the legal profession, to indicate that the source or author referred to in a footnote is the same as in the preceding footnote; usually abbreviated when so used.
Derived terms
- id. or id
- idempotence, idempotent
See also
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i.dɛm/
Audio (file)
Adverb
idem
- idem, likewise
- Synonym: id.
- 1968, Serge Gainsbourg (music), “Requiem pour un con”, performed by Serge Gainsbourg:
- Pour moi c'est idem / Que ça te plaise ou non / J'te l'rejoue quand même / Pauvre con
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- pour moi c'est idem ― it's all the same to me
Further reading
- “idem”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɪ.dəm/, /ˈɪ.dɛm/
Derived terms
Further reading
- “idem” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈi.dem/[1]
- Rhymes: -idem
- Hyphenation: ì‧dem
References
- idem in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *izdim; equivalent to is (“he”) + Proto-Italic *-im (emphatic marker) (whence Sabellic *-om, Oscan 𐌝𐌔𐌝𐌃𐌖𐌌 (ísídum), 𐌄𐌔𐌝𐌃𐌖𐌌 (esídum)), from Proto-Indo-European *im (whence also Old Latin im, em), accusative singular of *éy (so both parts are from the same source). The s was lost and the i lengthened by compensatory lengthening.[2]
When the ablative cases eōd, eād became eō, eā, the true forms eōd-em, eād-em were interpreted as eō-dem, eā-dem. The neuter nominative singular id-em is natural and gives earlier emem (= later eundem). The new marker -dem then served to create totidem, tantumdem, ibīdem, etc. Compare tam-en with its later doublet: tan-dem (← *tam-dem).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈiː.dem/, [ˈiːd̪ɛ̃ˑ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈi.dem/, [ˈiːd̪em]
Pronoun
īdem (feminine eadem, neuter idem); demonstrative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion
Declension
Irregular declension. Similar to the declension of is, ea, id. Demonstrative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | īdem | eadem | idem | īdem1 | eaedem | eadem | |
Genitive | eiusdem | eōrundem eōrundem eōrumdem |
eārundem eārundem eārumdem |
eōrundem eōrundem eōrumdem | |||
Dative | eidem2 ēīdem |
īsdem1 iīsdem eīsdem | |||||
Accusative | eundem eundem eumdem |
eandem eandem eamdem |
idem | eōsdem | eāsdem | eadem | |
Ablative | eōdem | eādem | eōdem | īsdem1 iīsdem eīsdem |
1The nom./dat./abl. plural forms regularly developed into a monosyllable /iː(s)/, with later remodelling - compare the etymology of deus. This /iː/ was normally spelled as EI during and as II after the Republic; a disyllabic iī, spelled II, Iꟾ, apears in Silver Age poetry, while disyllabic eīs is only post-Classical. Other spellings include EEI(S), EIEI(S), IEI(S).
2The dat. singular is found spelled EIEI (here represented as ēī) and scanned as two longs in Plautus, but also as a monosyllable. The latter is its normal scansion in Classical. Other spellings include EEI, IEI.
Related terms
References
- “idem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “idem”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- idem in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to hold the same views: idem sentire (opp. dissentire ab aliquo)
- to agree with a person: consentire, idem sentire cum aliquo
- to have the same meaning: idem valere, significare, declarare
- synonyms: vocabula idem fere declarantia
- to have the same political opinions: idem de re publica sentire
- to hold the same views: idem sentire (opp. dissentire ab aliquo)
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- “idem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-dem”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 166