kam
Translingual
English
Etymology
From Welsh cam (“bent, crooked, distorted”), from Middle Welsh cam, from Old Welsh cam, from Proto-Brythonic *kam, from Proto-Celtic *kambos.
Cognate with Scottish Gaelic cam, Irish cam, French camus (“flat-nosed”) and more distantly Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked, bent, bow-legged”). Doublet of camous.
Adjective
kam (not comparable)
- (obsolete) Crooked, awry.
- c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene i]:
- This is clean kam.
-
References
- “cam, adj. and adv.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
Albanian
Etymology
Suppletive. The aorist and participle are from Proto-Albanian *pat(i)-, from Proto-Indo-European *poti-o-, cognate with Latin potior (“to have a share in, take possession of”).[1] The other forms are from Proto-Albanian *kapmi, from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to seize, to grasp”), cognate with Latin capiō (“take, seize”), and akin to Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, to hold”) (whence English have, German haben (“to have”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban, “to have”)). Cf. also Romanian am (“I have”), first-person singular indicative form of avea.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kam]
Verb
kam (first-person singular past tense pata, participle pasur)
- I have
- (impersonal, third person) There is
Conjugation
| participle (pjesore) |
pasur | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund (përcjellore) |
duke pasur | ||||||
| infinitive (paskajore) |
për të pasur | ||||||
| singular (njëjës) |
plural (shumës) | ||||||
| 1st pers. (veta e 1rë) |
2nd pers. (veta e 2të) |
3rd pers. (veta e 3të) |
1st pers. (veta e 1rë) |
2nd pers. (veta e 2të) |
3rd pers. (veta e 3të) | ||
| indicative (dëftore) |
unë | ti | ai/ajo | ne | ju | ata/ato | |
| present (e tashme) |
kam | ke | ka | kemi | keni | kanë | |
| imperfect (e pakryer) |
kisha | kishe | kishte | kishim | kishit | kishin | |
| aorist (simple past) (e kryer e thjeshtë) |
pata | pate | pati | patëm | patët | patën | |
| perfect (e kryer) |
kam pasur | ke pasur | ka pasur | kemi pasur | keni pasur | kanë pasur | |
| past perfect (më se e kryer) |
kisha pasur | kishe pasur | kishte pasur | kishim pasur | kishit pasur | kishin pasur | |
| aorist II (past perfect II) (e kryer e tejshkuar) |
pata pasur | pate pasur | pati pasur | patëm pasur | patët pasur | patën pasur | |
| future¹ (e ardhme) |
do të kem | do të kesh | do të ketë | do të kemi | do të keni | do të kenë | |
| future perfect² (e ardhme e përparme) |
do të kem pasur | do të kesh pasur | do të ketë pasur | do të kemi pasur | do të keni pasur | do të kenë pasur | |
| subjunctive (lidhore) |
unë | ti | ai/ajo | ne | ju | ata/ato | |
| present (e tashme) |
të kem | të kesh | të ketë | të kemi | të keni | të kenë | |
| imperfect (e pakryer) |
të kisha | të kishe | të kishte | të kishim | të kishit | të kishin | |
| perfect (e kryer) |
të kem pasur | të kesh pasur | të ketë pasur | të kemi pasur | të keni pasur | të kenë pasur | |
| past perfect (më se e kryer) |
të kisha pasur | të kishe pasur | të kishte pasur | të kishim pasur | të kishit pasur | të kishin pasur | |
| conditional¹, ² (kushtore) |
unë | ti | ai/ajo | ne | ju | ata/ato | |
| imperfect (e pakryer) |
do të kisha | do të kishe | do të kishte | do të kishim | do të kishit | do të kishin | |
| past perfect (më se e kryer) |
do të kisha pasur | do të kishe pasur | do të kishte pasur | do të kishim pasur | do të kishit pasur | do të kishin pasur | |
| optative (dëshirore) |
unë | ti | ai/ajo | ne | ju | ata/ato | |
| present (e tashme) |
paça | paç | pastë | paçim | paçit | paçin | |
| perfect (e kryer) |
paça pasur | paç pasur | pastë pasur | paçim pasur | paçit pasur | paçin pasur | |
| admirative (habitore) |
unë | ti | ai/ajo | ne | ju | ata/ato | |
| present (e tashme) |
paskam | paske | paska | paskemi | paskeni | paskan | |
| imperfect (pakryer) |
paskësha | paskëshe | paskësh | paskëshim | paskëshit | paskëshin | |
| perfect (e kryer) |
paskam pasur | paske pasur | paska pasur | paskemi pasur | paskeni pasur | paskan pasur | |
| past perfect (më se e kryer) |
paskësha pasur | paskëshe pasur | paskësh pasur | paskëshim pasur | paskëshit pasur | paskëshin pasur | |
| imperative (urdhërore) |
— | ti | — | — | ju | — | |
| present (e tashme) |
— | ki | — | — | kini | — | |
| ¹) indicative future identical with conditional present ²) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect | |||||||
Related terms
References
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “kam”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 167
Angloromani
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkʰæm], [ˈcæm]
References
- “kam”, in Angloromani Dictionary, The Manchester Romani Project, 2004-2006, archived from the original on 2021-11-26, page 141
Chinese
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to 尷?”)
Pronunciation
Adjective
kam
Etymology 2
Onomatopoeic.
Pronunciation
Czech
Etymology
From Old Czech kamo, from Proto-Slavic *kamo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkam]
Audio (file)
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse kambr, from Proto-Germanic *kambaz, Norwegian, Swedish kam, English comb, German Kamm. The Germanic noun goes back to Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth, peg”), which is also the source of Sanskrit: जम्भः (jámbhaḥ, “tooth”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “peg”), Polish ząb (“tooth”).
Noun
Inflection
Derived terms
- bakkekam
- benkam
- bjergkam
- bølgekam
- hanekam
- kambregne
- kamgarn
- kamgavl
- kamgræs
- kamme
- kamme over
- kammusling
- kamskive
- kamsteg
- kamstykke
- kamtakket
- lammekam
- mellemkam
- nakkekam
- redekam
- svinekam
- tykkam
- tættekam
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch kamp, from Old Dutch *kamb, from Proto-West Germanic *kamb, from Proto-Germanic *kambaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɑm/
- Rhymes: -ɑm
audio (file)
Noun
Derived terms
- kamband n
- kamblad n
- kambuisje n, kametui n
- kamdoos
- kamdoublet n
- kamdrager
- kamduiker
- kamduin
- kamhaak
- kamgaren n
- kamgras n
- kamhaak
- kamhout n
- kamkever
- kammeling
- kammen
- kammer m
- kammig (also -kammig in compounds)
- kammug
- kamneus
- kamoester
- kamplaat
- kamrad n
- kamreep
- kamschede
- kamschelp
- kamslager
- kamvaren
- kamsel n
- kamvaren
- kamwiel n
- (comb types by use) haarkam, paardekam, roskam
- stofkam
Descendants
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kaːm]
Audio (file)
Hausa
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin quam. The initial qu was changed to k so as not to cause confusion with the word with quan.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kam/
Adverb
kam
Kashubian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *kamy.
Latvian
Lithuanian
Pronoun
kam
Northern Kurdish
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “կամն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 502b
- Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 513
- Jaba, Auguste; Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 323b
Norwegian Bokmål
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɑmː/
Phalura
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kam/
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *kamy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kâːm/
Declension
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *kamo.
Sumerian
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish kamber, from Old Norse kambr,[1] cognate with Danish kam[1] and Dutch kam.
That in turn derived from Proto-Germanic *kambaz, whence also Old English camb (English comb), Old High German kamb (German Kamm).[1] Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth (animate)”),[1] whence also Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “peg”),[1] Lithuanian žam̃bas, Old Church Slavonic зѫбъ (zǫbŭ, “tooth”), Russian зуб (zub, “tooth”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kam/, IPA(key): [kʰam]
Noun
kam c
Declension
| Declension of kam | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | kam | kammen | kammar | kammarna |
| Genitive | kams | kammens | kammars | kammarnas |
Derived terms
- bergskam (mountain ridge)
- vågkam (wave ridge)