分

See also: 份
分 U+5206, 分
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5206
← 刅
[U+5205] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 切 →
[U+5207]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

分 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金尸竹 (CSH), four-corner 80227, composition ⿱八刀)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 136, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1853
  • Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 321, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5206

Chinese
trad. 分
simp. # 分

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 分
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (分) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扮 *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ
盼 *pʰrɯːns
頒 *praːn, *bɯn
朌 *praːn, *bɯn
鳻 *praːn, *bɯn
份 *prɯn, *bɯns
汃 *pʰreːd, *prɯn
玢 *prɯn
邠 *prɯn
攽 *prɯn
砏 *prɯn, *pʰrɯn, *pʰɯn
貧 *brɯn
湓 *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns
盆 *bɯːn
葐 *bɯːn, *bɯn, *bɯn
坌 *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns
坋 *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns
分 *pɯn, *bɯns
吩 *pɯn
粉 *pɯnʔ
黺 *pɯnʔ
芬 *pʰɯn
紛 *pʰɯn
衯 *pʰɯn
棻 *pʰɯn, *bɯn
氛 *pʰɯn, *bɯn
雰 *pʰɯn
忿 *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯnʔ
魵 *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
汾 *bɯn
羒 *bɯn
枌 *bɯn
棼 *bɯn
妢 *bɯn
梤 *bɯn
馚 *bɯn
鼢 *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
蚡 *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
弅 *bɯnʔ
秎 *bɯns

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 八 (“to separate”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to separate with a knife.

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • pûn - vernacular (“to divide; to separate; to distribute; to give; by”);
  • fûn - literary.
Note:
  • buŏng - vernacular;
  • hŭng - literary.
Note:
  • pun - vernacular;
  • hun - literary.
Note:
  • bung1 - vernacular;
  • hung1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 分
Mandarin Beijing /fən⁵⁵/
Harbin /fən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /fən²¹/
Jinan /fẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /fə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /fən²⁴/
Xi'an /fẽ²¹/
Xining /fə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /fəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /fə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /fɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /fən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /fən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /fen⁵⁵/
Kunming /fə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /fən³¹/
Hefei /fən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /fəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /fə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /fəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /fən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /fen³³/
Wenzhou /faŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /fʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /fɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /fən³³/
Xiangtan /ɸən³³/
Gan Nanchang /fɨn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /fun⁴⁴/ ～配
/pun⁴⁴/ 給
Taoyuan /pun²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐn⁵³/
Nanning /fɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /fɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hun⁵⁵/
/pun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /puoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xɔŋ⁵⁴/
/puiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /luŋ³³/
/puŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbun²³/
/hun²³/
Rime
Character 分
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 府文切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pɨun/
Pan
Wuyun		 /piun/
Shao
Rongfen		 /piuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pun/
Li
Rong		 /piuən/
Wang
Li		 /pĭuən/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pi̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 分
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fēn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pjun ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pə[n]/
English divide

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 分
Reading # 1/2
No. 3148
Phonetic
component		 分
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 分
Old
Chinese		 /*pɯn/

Definitions

分

  1. to divide; to separate
    這項工作分兩階段進行。 [MSC, trad.]
    这项工作分两阶段进行。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè xiàng gōngzuò fēn liǎng jiēduàn jìnxíng. [Pinyin]
    This exercise is divided into two stages.
  2. to distribute; to allocate; to assign; to allot
    他和兒子分吃了一張比薩餅。 [MSC, trad.]
    他和儿子分吃了一张比萨饼。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā hé érzǐ fēn chī le yī zhāng bǐsàbǐng. [Pinyin]
    He shared a pizza with his son.
    他和我一起分苹果。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Tā hé wǒ yīqǐ fēn píngguǒ. [Pinyin]
    He divided the apples with me.
    他們分到了一幢住房。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们分到了一幢住房。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen fēn dào le yī zhuàng zhùfáng. [Pinyin]
    They were allotted a house to live in.
  3. to distinguish; to differentiate; to tell apart
    我分不清他們。他們長得太像了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我分不清他们。他们长得太像了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ fēn bù qīng tāmen. Tāmen cháng dé tài xiàng le. [Pinyin]
    I cannot tell them apart. They are very much alike.
    他是一個懦夫，一個分不清蠻力和大丈夫氣概的恃強凌弱者。 [MSC, trad.]
    他是一个懦夫，一个分不清蛮力和大丈夫气概的恃强凌弱者。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shì yī ge nuòfū, yī ge fēn bù qīng mánlì hé dàzhàngfū qìgài de shìqiánglíngruò zhě. [Pinyin]
    He's a coward and a bully who confuses physical strength with manhood.
  4. to break up; to end a relationship; to separate
  5. (Hakka, Teochew) to give
  6. (Hakka, Teochew) by
    分人罵／分人骂 [Sixian Hakka]  ―  pûn ngìn ma [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]  ―  to be scolded (by people)
  7. minute (unit of time)
    分鐘／分钟  ―  fēnzhōng  ―  minute
    現在是7點45分。／现在是7点45分。  ―  Xiànzài shì 7 diǎn 45 fēn.  ―  It's quarter to eight now.
  8. minute (unit of angle, 1/60 of a degree)
  9. fraction; proportion
    分之 (fēn zhī, “used to indicate a fraction”)
  10. (sports, games) point; mark
    本題佔五十分。／本题占五十分。  ―  Běntí zhàn wǔshí fēn.  ―  This question counts for 50 points.
    我得了多少分？  ―  Wǒ dé le duōshǎo fēn?  ―  What's my score?
  11. (Shanghainese Wu, slang) ten of a currency designation (Classifier: 張／张)
  12. (Shanghainese Wu, by extension) money
    還分／还分 [Shanghainese]  ―  [ɦɯe̞³³  fəɲ⁵³] [IPA]  ―  to return money
  13. one tenth
  14. deci- (SI unit prefix)
  15. (numismatics) 0.01 yuan (or dollar, etc.); cent
  16. one tenth of a 寸 (a unit of length)
    1. (Hong Kong) fan, legally defined as 0.00371475 metres
    2. (Mainland China) Short for 市分, equivalent to 0.33 cm
  17. one tenth of a 畝 (a unit of area)
  18. a candareen (a unit of weight), one tenth of a 錢／钱 (qián, “mace”), and equal to ten 釐 (lí, “cash”)
  19. (historical) an ancient small unit of time
  20. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to beg (for food, etc.)
Synonyms
  • (to divide):
  • (to distribute):
  • (to distribute):
Synonyms of 分
  • (to break up): 分手 (fēnshǒu)
  • (to give):
Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“to give”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 予, 畀
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 給
Mandarin Beijing 給
Taiwan 給
Tianjin 給
Jinan 給
Xi'an 給
Wuhan 把, 把得, 給
Chengdu 給
Guilin 給
Yangzhou 把, 給
Hefei 給
Malaysia 給
Singapore 給
Cantonese Guangzhou 畀
Hong Kong 畀
Macau 畀
Taishan 畀
Dongguan 畀
Yangjiang 畀
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 畀
Penang (Guangfu) 畀
Singapore (Guangfu) 畀
Gan Nanchang 把
Hakka Meixian 分
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 分
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 分
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 分
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 分
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 分
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 得
Kuching (Hepo) 分
Jin Taiyuan 給
Min Bei Jian'ou 吶
Min Dong Fuzhou 乞
Min Nan Xiamen 予
Quanzhou 予
Zhangzhou 予
Zhao'an 予
Taipei 予
New Taipei (Sanxia) 予
Kaohsiung 予
Yilan 予
Changhua (Lukang) 予
Taichung 予
Taichung (Wuqi) 予
Tainan 予
Taitung 予
Hsinchu 予
Kinmen 予
Penghu (Magong) 予
Penang (Hokkien) 予
Singapore (Hokkien) 予
Manila (Hokkien) 予
Chaozhou 分, 乞
Shantou 分, 乞
Shantou (Chaoyang) 乞
Jieyang 分, 乞
Haifeng 分, 予
Singapore (Teochew) 乞
Pontianak (Teochew) 分, 乞
Leizhou 乞
Wenchang 分
Haikou 要
Wu Shanghai 撥, 撥辣
Suzhou 撥
Ningbo 撥
Wenzhou 匄
Xiang Changsha 把
  • (by):
Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 被
Mandarin Beijing 讓, 叫, 給
Taiwan 讓, 叫, 給
Jinan 叫, 讓
Xi'an 叫
Wuhan 把得
Chengdu 遭, 叫
Yangzhou 給, 把
Hefei 給, 叫
Malaysia 被, 給
Singapore 被, 讓, 給
Cantonese Guangzhou 畀
Hong Kong 畀
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 畀
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 畀
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 畀
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 畀
Macau 畀
Guangzhou (Panyu) 畀
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 畀
Guangzhou (Conghua) 畀
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 畀
Foshan 畀
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 畀
Foshan (Shunde) 畀
Foshan (Sanshui) 畀
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 畀
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 畀
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 畀
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 畀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 畀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 畀
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 畀
Taishan 畀
Kaiping (Chikan) 畀
Enping (Niujiang) 畀
Heshan (Yayao) 畀
Dongguan 畀
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 畀
Shaoguan 畀
Yunfu 畀
Yangjiang 畀
Xinyi 畀
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 畀
Singapore (Guangfu) 畀
Gan Nanchang 讓, 等
Hakka Meixian 分
Xingning 分
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 畀
Huiyang 分
Huidong (Daling) 分
Dongguan (Qingxi) 分
Boluo (Bendihua) 畀
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 分
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 畀
Wuhua (Huacheng) 分
Heyuan (Bendihua) 把
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 畀
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 把
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 分
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 分
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 分
Liannan 分
Conghua (Lütian) 分
Jiexi 分
Changting 得
Wuping 得
Wuping (Pingyu) 得
Liancheng 給
Ninghua 分
Ruijin 得
Shicheng 得
Shangyou (Shexi) 討
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 分
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 分
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 分
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 分
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 分
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 得
Hong Kong 分
Senai (Huiyang) 分
Kuching (Hepo) 分
Jin Taiyuan 叫, 給
Min Bei Jian'ou 吶
Min Dong Fuzhou 乞
Min Nan Xiamen 予, 乞
Quanzhou 予, 乞
Zhangzhou 予, 乞
Taipei 予
New Taipei (Sanxia) 予
Kaohsiung 予
Yilan 予
Changhua (Lukang) 予
Taichung 予
Tainan 予
Hsinchu 予
Kinmen 予
Penghu (Magong) 予
Singapore (Hokkien) 予
Manila (Hokkien) 予
Chaozhou 分, 乞
Shantou 分, 乞, 予
Shantou (Chaoyang) 乞
Jieyang 分
Leizhou 乞
Haikou 要
Wu Shanghai 撥, 撥辣
Suzhou 撥, 撥勒
Ningbo 撥, 撥人家
Wenzhou 匄
Xiang Changsha 聽, 撈, 讓, 被
Shuangfeng 耗
Dialectal synonyms of 分 (“fen; cent”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 分
Mandarin Beijing 分
Taiwan 分
Jinan 分
Xi'an 分
Wuhan 分
Chengdu 分
Yangzhou 分
Hefei 分
Malaysia 仙
Singapore 分
Cantonese Guangzhou 分
Hong Kong 仙, 仙士 dated
Gan Nanchang 分
Hakka Meixian 分
Jin Taiyuan 分
Min Bei Jian'ou 分
Min Dong Fuzhou 分
Min Nan Xiamen 占, 分
Quanzhou 占
Zhangzhou 占
Tainan 仙
Penang (Hokkien) 鐳, sen
Singapore (Hokkien) 占
Manila (Hokkien) 仙
Chaozhou 分
Singapore (Teochew) 占
Wu Suzhou 分
Wenzhou 分
Xiang Changsha 分
Shuangfeng 分
See also
  • (unit of length): 丈 (zhàng), 尺 (chǐ), 寸 (cùn)
SI prefix
Last Next
n/a 分 釐

Compounds
Derived terms from 分

Descendants
  • → Thai: หุน (hǔn, “a unit of length and weight”)
  • → Zhuang: faen

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 分
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 扶問切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bɨunH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /biunH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biuənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bunH/
Li
Rong		 /biuənH/
Wang
Li		 /bĭuənH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱi̯uənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 分
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fèn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bjunH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[m]-pə[n]-s/
English alloted duty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 分
Reading # 2/2
No. 3191
Phonetic
component		 分
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 分
Old
Chinese		 /*bɯns/

Definitions

分

  1. part; share; portion
  2. ingredient; component
  3. duty; responsibility
  4. status; standing
  5. lot; fate; destiny
  6. mutual affection
  7. Alternative form of 份 (fèn, “classifier”).
  8. Short for 分之 (fēn zhī).
Usage notes

Many of the senses are now written with the specialised character 份 (fèn).

Synonyms
  • (ingredient): 成分 (chéngfèn)

Compounds
Derived terms from 分

Further reading

Japanese
Shinjitai 分
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
分󠄁
分+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
分󠄃
分+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
分

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pɨun); compare Mandarin 分 (fēn):

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC bɨunH); compare Mandarin 分 (fèn):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
分
ふん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/pun/ → /fun/

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pɨun, “a minute”).

Pronunciation

Counter

分(ふん) • (-fun) 

  1. minutes (duration)

Noun

分(ふん) • (fun) 

  1. a minute (unit of time)
  2. a minute (unit of angle)
Usage notes

When preceded by a number, the reading changes depending on the phonetic context.

Japanese number-counter combinations for 分(ふん) (fun)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 What time?
一(いっ)分(ぷん) (ippun) 二(に)分(ふん) (nifun) 三(さん)分(ぷん) (sanpun)
三(さん)分(ふん) (sanfun)		 四(よん)分(ぷん) (yonpun)
四(よん)分(ふん) (yonfun)		 五(ご)分(ふん) (gofun) 六(ろっ)分(ぷん) (roppun) 七(なな)分(ふん) (nanafun)
七(しち)分(ふん) (shichifun)		 八(はっ)分(ぷん) (happun)
八(はち)分(ふん) (hachifun)		 九(きゅう)分(ふん) (kyūfun) 十(じゅっ)分(ぷん) (juppun)
十(じっ)分(ぷん) (jippun)		 何(なん)分(ぷん) (nanpun)
何(なん)分(ふん) (nanfun)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
分
ぶん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC bɨunH, “a minute”).

Pronunciation

Noun

分(ぶん) • (bun) 

  1. a part, a share, a portion
    このケーキは君(きみ)の分(ぶん)だよ。
    Kono kēki wa kimi no bun da yo.
    This piece of cake is your portion.

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
分
ぶ
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/bun/ → /bu/

Shift from bun above, with influence on the meaning from the Middle Chinese sense tied to original Middle Chinese reading /pɨun/.

Pronunciation

Noun

分(ぶ) • (bu) 

  1. an obsolete unit of currency equal to four 両(りょう) (ryō) and to ten 釐(りん) (rin)

References
  1. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 282 (paper), page 191 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  2. 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 208 (paper), page 116 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
  3. 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “分”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC pɨun).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448분 (Yale: pwùn)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527ᄂᆞᆫ홀〮 (Yale: nònhwól)분 (Yale: pwùn)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 分 (eumhun 나눌 분 (nanul bun))

  1. Hanja form? of 분 (“to divide”).
  2. Hanja form? of 분 (“to distribute”).
  3. Hanja form? of 분 (“to distinguish”).
  4. Hanja form? of 분 (“fraction”).
  5. Hanja form? of 분 (“minute (unit of time)”).

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 分 (MC bɨunH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448뿐〮 (Yale: ppwún)
Early Modern Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Juhae Cheonjamun, 1804분수 (bunsu)분 (bun)

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [분(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

分 (eumhun 분수(分數) 분 (bunsu bun))

  1. Hanja form? of 분 (“part; portion”).
  2. Hanja form? of 분 (“component”).
  3. Hanja form? of 분 (“status; standing”).
  4. Hanja form? of 분 (“mutual affection”).
  5. Hanja form? of 분 (“duty; responsibility”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

分: Hán Việt readings: phân, phần, phận

  1. chữ Hán form of phân (“divide”).
  2. chữ Hán form of phần (“part”).
  3. chữ Hán form of phận (“role”).
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