ja

ja

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Japanese.

Borrowed from Afrikaans ja (“yes”), from Dutch ja (“yes”). More at yea.

• ya

ja (not comparable)

1. (chiefly South Africa, informal) yes

• ja well no fine

From the Revised Romanization of Korean 자 (ja).

• cha

ja (plural jas or ja)

1. (Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.

• AJ

From Dutch ja.

• IPA^(key): /jaː/

• Audio

  (file)

ja

1. yes

• → English: ja
• → Portuguese: iá, yá, ya

• jaa, jòò, jä

From Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, Dutch ja, English yea, Swedish ja.

ja

1. (Uri) yes

• Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 13.

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaʒ (“I”). Compare Kott ai (“I”), Pumpokol ad (“I”), and Arin aj.

ja

1. I (first-person singular subjective)

• aj

• ajun

Cognate with Garo ja (“moon, month”).

ja

1. month
2. moon

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

• jo

Cognate with German ja.

• IPA^(key): /jɒː/

ja

1. yes

   Antonym: naa

From Latin iam.

• (Central) IPA^(key): /ˈʒa/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈja/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a

ja

1. already, (in negative sentences) any more
2. now, immediately, at once

• ja que

• “ja” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

• je-

ja

1. one

• satu

From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-West Germanic *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, English yea.

ja

1. (Sette Comuni) yes

• “ja” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

From Old Norse já (“yes”).

• IPA^(key): /ja/, [jɛ]
• IPA^(key): /jar/, [jæɐ̯]
• Rhymes: -a

ja

1. yes

• nej

• jo

ja n (singular definite jaet, plural indefinite jaer)

1. yes

já

1. foot

• jaga

From Middle Dutch ja, from Old Dutch *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja.

• audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /jaː/

ja

1. yes

   Wil je met ons meegaan? — Ja, graag!

   Would you like to come with us? — Yes, I'd love to!

• jep

• nee, neen

• jawel

ja m or n (plural ja's, diminutive jaatje n)

1. yes

   Een ja kan je krijgen, een nee heb je al.

   A yes you can get, a no you already have.

   Het begon met een ja...

   It began with a yes...

• jawoord

• nee

ja

1. yes!

   "Ja!" riep hij luid toen er een doelpunt viel.

   Yes! he screamed loudly when they scored a goal.

   Synonym: yes

2. (Suriname, informal, colloquial) A casual greeting acknowledging the presence of a person, chiefly someone the speaker is not acquainted with or is not friends with; hey, hi, what's up
3. (Suriname, informal, colloquial) Used as a request for someone to repeat something not heard or understood clearly.

• Afrikaans: ja
• Berbice Creole Dutch: ja
• Jersey Dutch: jâ
• Negerhollands: ja, ju
• Skepi Creole Dutch: ja
• → Saramaccan: jahái, jaái

Borrowed from German ja. Compare Polish jo, Yiddish יאָ‎‎ (yo‎), English yea. Related to jes.

• IPA^(key): [ja]
• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ja

ja

1. indeed
   • 2015, Kalle Kniivilä, “Sopiro al Sovetio [Yearning for the Soviet Union]”, in Krimeo estas nia [Crimea is ours]:

     Sed la bona soveta tempo neniam revenos. Ĝi ja neniam ekzistis.

     But the good Soviet times will never return, because they never existed.

     (literally, “But the good Soviet time will never come back. It indeed never existed.”)

• do (“therefore, indeed, so”)
• ekzakte (“exactly”)
• fakte (“factually”)
• ĝuste (“just, right, exactly”)
• jese (“yes, exactly”)
• reale (“really, actually”)
• vere (“truly”)

From Proto-Finnic *ja, from Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh.

ja

1. and

• ning

From Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.

• IPA^(key): /jɛaː/

ja

1. yes

• nei, neiggj

• jú, júgv

ja n (genitive singular jas, plural ja)

1. yes

From Proto-Finnic *ja (compare Estonian ja, Ingrian ja, Livonian ja, Votic ja), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”) (compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh).[1]

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɑ/, [ˈjɑ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ja

ja

1. (coordinating) and

• (ja/sekä):
  • ja can be used more widely than sekä. As an example, sekä may not be used to join two independent clauses.
  • sekä has a nuance of the things being more separate than with ja. If both words are used, ja ties things closer together than sekä.

    mansikka- ja vadelmahillo sekä muut hedelmäsäilykkeet ― strawberry and raspberry jam as well as other fruit preserves

    Vaahdota voi sekä sokeri ja sekoita joukkoon kuivat aineet. ― Cream the butter and sugar, and mix in the dry ingredients.

  • In legal language, ja and sekä are distinguished more clearly. sekä is considered "stronger" than ja. For example, an attribute specified before a list will apply to every item with ja, but not with sekä.

    paineella tyhjennettävät ja täytettävät säiliöt ― containers that can be filled and emptied under pressure = containers that are both filled and emptied under pressure

    paineella tyhjennettävät sekä täytettävät säiliöt ― containers that can be filled and emptied under pressure = containers that are emptied under pressure, and which can be filled either under pressure or not

• sekä (see the above usage notes)

ja

1. AND (logic gate or connector)

Rarely inflected; if inflection is necessary, it is used as a first component in a compound, such as JA-portti ("AND gate").

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

ja

1. month

• mas

From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā (“yes”), from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Cognate with Dutch ja (“yes”), English yea (“yes, yea”), Spanish ya (“already”), and Latin iam (“already”). More at yes.

• IPA^(key): [jäː] (Standard, overall more common)
• IPA^(key): [ʝäː] (standard, overall less common)

• audio

  (file)

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [jɑː] (Austrian German)
• IPA^(key): [jɒ~jɔ] (Austrian German, common in casual speech as an influence of the Austro-Bavarian language)
• Rhymes: -aː
• Homophone: Jahr (according to a widespread pronunciation of this word)

ja

1. yes; yea, yeah, aye

   Synonym: jawohl

   Willst du das? Ja. ― Do you want that? Yes.

   Aber ja! ― Yes, of course!

2. (intensifier) obviously; certainly; of course; really; just; as you know; as is generally known (indicates and emphasises that one is expressing a known fact)

   Synonyms: doch, bekanntlich

   Es kann ja nicht immer so bleiben. ― It obviously cannot always remain so.

   Der Peter war ja gestern krank. ― Peter was sick yesterday, as you know.

• (yes): Ja is used to indicate agreement with a positive statement. To contradict a negative statement (where English would use “yes”), doch is used instead.
• (obviously): Ja means roughly the same as English obviously or as you know, but given its shortness it is used much more frequently. In colloquial German, ja is used in most statements of facts already known to the one addressed.

• nein

• bejahen
• Ja
• jein

ja

1. yes

   Synonym: jawohl

   Antonym: nein

• “ja” in Duden online
• “ja” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

ja

1. Romanization of 𐌾𐌰

ja

1. heavy

ja

1. I

• IPA^(key): /jaː/, [jɑː]

From Old Norse ek. Compare Swedish jag.

• jag (Fårö and Lau dialects)

ja

1. I (first-person singular pronoun)

From Old Norse já.

ja

1. yes

Uncertain or stalling answer; jo is used for yes-no questions

• (used for yes-no questions) jo, jå (Lau dialect)

ja

1. yes

• "ja" in Gutamålgildes Årdliste
• "ja in Gustavson, H. (red.). 1972-1986. Ordbok över Laumålet på Gotland. Uppsala: AB Lundequistska Bokhandeln.

• IPA^(key): /(d)ʒáː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒáː]

jā (feminine jā, plural jājā̀yē)

1. red

• IPA^(key): [ˈjɒ], [ˈjɒː] (the long pronunciation is used in case of great surprise)

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -jɒ

ja

1. (informal) yep (indicates agreement, approval, or understanding)

   Jössz holnap a meccsre? – Ja.

   “Are you coming to the game tomorrow?” “Yep.”

   Synonyms: aha, ühüm, jaja

2. (informal) oh (indicates understanding something finally after a misunderstanding or confusion)

   Este nem jár a vonat. – Ja, hát akkor menjünk busszal!

   “No train is leaving in the evening.” “Oh, well then let's travel by bus!”

   Ezt nem is Miki küldte! – Ja, lehet, hogy én értettem félre.

   “This was not sent by Miki!” “Oh, then I must have misunderstood it.”

• (yep, oh): ja in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (indeed, actually, as a matter of fact): ja in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Borrowed from French déjà, Italian già, Spanish ya, from Latin iam, replacing Esperanto jam which is cognate. Decision no. 987, Progreso VI.

• IPA^(key): /ʒa/, /d͡ʒa/

ja

1. already

   Lu ja dormeskis.

   He/she has already fallen asleep.

• ya

• ne ja (“not yet; not even”)

• Progreso III (in Ido), 1910–1911, pages 557, 691
• Progreso VI (in Ido), 1913–1914, page 164

From Proto-Finnic *ja. Cognates include Finnish ja and Estonian ja.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈjɑ/, [ˈjɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈjɑ/, [ˈjɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑ
• Hyphenation: ja

ja

1. and
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 25:

     Kiko ja Miko jo uijuut.

     Kiko and Miko are already swimming.

• i, da

ja

1. also, too
   • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:

     On meil hyvät mașinistat -
     paravozat ollaa ja.

     We have good engine drivers -
     we have steam locomotives, too.

• kera, i

Ultimately from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *ja (compare Swedish ja and German ja). Cognates include Finnish jaa and Estonian jah, jaa.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈjɑ/, [ˈjɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈjɑ/, [ˈjɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑ
• Hyphenation: ja

ja

1. yes
   • 1936, V. I. Junus; N. A. Iljin, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 42:

     Onok se maa teil?
     - Ja, ono.

     Is that your land?
     Yes, it is.

• niin

• ei

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 99
• Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎, →ISBN, page 79

ja

1. Rōmaji transcription of じゃ
2. Rōmaji transcription of ジャ
3. Rōmaji transcription of ぢゃ
4. Rōmaji transcription of ヂャ

ja

1. if
2. in case

ja f

1. (third-person singular) instrumental form of ji.

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

ja sg

1. I

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).

ja

1. and

• Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

From Arabic يَا‎ (yā).

• IPA^(key): /jaː/
• Usually unstressed and then automatically shortened to /ja/.

ja

1. vocative particle; oh!; you!

   Ja Mulejja! ― Oh my Lord!

   Ja iblah! ― You idiot!

• While not obligatory even in standard Arabic, the vocative particle is predominantly omitted in Maltese. It does remain a common word, however, especially when equivalent to English “you”.

• IPA^(key): [hʷa]

ja (possessed jadü)

1. grandchild
2. sibling’s grandchild; grandnephew or grandniece

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “ja”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon
• Hall, Katherine Lee (1988), “ha:dü”, in The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volume I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University
• Hall, Katherine (2007), “hādɨ”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series‎, Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021
• Monterrey, Nalúa Rosa Silva (2012) Hombres de curiara y mujeres de conuco. Etnografía de los indigenas Ye’kwana de Venezuela, Ciudad Bolívar: Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, page 62–65, 71, 75

ja

1. drought, famine

• LePage, Sarah Gloria (2020) "The phonology of Mbati"‎, University of North Dakota

• IPA^(key): /ja/

ja

1. (Sylt and Mooring) they

• djo (Heligolandic)
• jo (Amrum and Fering)
• jä (Halligen, Hoorning and Wiedingharde)

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈja/

ja

1. and

• Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.

ja

1. to eat

From Old Norse já.

• IPA^(key): /jɑː/

• Audio

  (file)

ja

1. yes

• nei

• jo
• jaja
• jada

ja

1. yes

ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja or jaer, definite plural jaa or jaene)

1. yes

• “ja” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

From Old Norse já.

ja

1. yes

• nei

• jo

ja

1. yes

ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja, definite plural jaa)

1. yes

• “ja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

From Latin iam.

• (classical) IPA^(key): /ˈdʒa/
• (late) IPA^(key): /ˈʒa/

ja

1. already
2. as soon as possible
3. quickly
4. (with "ne") never

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (ja)

• ya

Compare German ja, Dutch ja, Swedish ja.

ja

1. yes, yeah

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).

ja

1. and

• ja in Bidumsáme Báhkogirrje (“Pite Sami word list”)
• Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

From Proto-Khasian *ʤaː. Cognate with Khasi ja.

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa/

ja

1. cooked rice

Inherited from Old Polish jaz, from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

• IPA^(key): /ja/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: ja

ja

1. I (first-person pronoun)

   Ja chcę mieć przyjaciół. ― I want to have friends.

Mute forms ("mię", "mi") cannot be used in accented positions in the sentence. "Mię" is considered dated in standard Polish, but can still be heard commonly in some dialects or in colloquial speech.

• siebie ("myself")
• Appendix:Polish pronouns

• ja in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ja in Polish dictionaries at PWN

ja (not comparable)

1. Obsolete spelling of já

• -jya (Rwanda)

From Proto-Bantu *-gɪ̀a.

-ja (infinitive kuja, perfective -gīye)

1. (Kirundi) to go to

From Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

• IPA^(key): /jâː/

jȃ (Cyrillic spelling ја̑)

1. I

   Ja sam učio. ― I have studied.

Borrowed from German ja.

• IPA^(key): /jâ/

jȁ (Cyrillic spelling ја̏)

1. (colloquial, regional) yes, yeah

ja

1. Archaic form of jao.
   • 1891, Srpske narodne pjesme:

     Ja Ivane, mio pobratime!

     O woe, Ivan, dear blood-brother!

Borrowed from German ja.

ja

1. yes

   Antonym: ńy

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

• IPA^(key): [ja]

ja

1. I (first person singular)

Following prepositions, ma and mi are replaced by mňa and mne respectively.

• ty
• on, ona, ono
• my
• vy
• oni, ony

• ja in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

• aj

Borrowed from German ja.

• IPA^(key): /jàː/, /jáː/

jā

1. (informal) yes

   Synonym: dȁ

   Antonym: nȅ

ja

1. (dialectal) Alternative form of jȁz

   Ja sem Slovenec. ― I am Slovenian.

• “ja”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.

ja

1. to eat

• IPA^(key): /ˈxa/ [ˈxa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: ja

ja

1. representation of laughter, ha

   Also used repeatedly: jaja, jajaja

• ja ja ja

• “ja”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

From Proto-Bantu *-jìja. Compare Zulu -za.

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

-ja (infinitive kuja)

1. to come
2. going to (followed by an infinitive, future, or subjunctive verb)