este
English
Aragonese
Alternative forms
Asturian
Etymology
Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”).
Elfdalian
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈesteˣ/, [ˈe̞s̠t̪e̞(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -este
- Syllabification(key): es‧te
Noun
este
- obstacle, barrier, hindrance, obstruction, impediment
- avioliiton este ― impediment to marriage
- excuse
- pätevä este ― valid excuse
- (athletics) hurdle
Declension
Inflection of este (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | este | esteet | |
genitive | esteen | esteiden esteitten | |
partitive | estettä | esteitä | |
illative | esteeseen | esteisiin esteihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | este | esteet | |
accusative | nom. | este | esteet |
gen. | esteen | ||
genitive | esteen | esteiden esteitten | |
partitive | estettä | esteitä | |
inessive | esteessä | esteissä | |
elative | esteestä | esteistä | |
illative | esteeseen | esteisiin esteihin | |
adessive | esteellä | esteillä | |
ablative | esteeltä | esteiltä | |
allative | esteelle | esteille | |
essive | esteenä | esteinä | |
translative | esteeksi | esteiksi | |
instructive | — | estein | |
abessive | esteettä | esteittä | |
comitative | — | esteineen |
Possessive forms of este (type hame) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | esteeni | esteemme |
2nd person | esteesi | esteenne |
3rd person | esteensä |
Derived terms
- adjectives: esteellinen, esteetön
Compounds
Galician
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese este, from Latin iste.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈestɪ]
Determiner
este m (feminine singular esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas, neuter isto)
- this
- Este libro é meu ― This book is mine
References
- “este” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “este” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “este” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Hungarian
Alternative forms
- estve (folksy, archaic)
Etymology
The adverb sense is from the former est (“evening”) + -vel (“with”) (a derivation similar to reggel or tavasszal). First the final -l wore off and the adverb estve (“in the evening”) was used for a long time[1] (still in use today in dialects), later the -v was dropped. The noun sense became independent from the compound word napeste (“the fall of the sun”). The noun est is from the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) + -t (noun-forming suffix). The es- stem is from Proto-Uralic *ećɜ- (“to fall”).[2][3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛʃtɛ]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: es‧te
- Rhymes: -tɛ
Adverb
este (not comparable)
Usage notes
Adverbs of temporal nouns (see also: Appendix:Hungarian words of time) | |
---|---|
no suffix (the noun can act as an adverb) | nappal (“daytime”), reggel (“early morning”), délelőtt (“late morning”), délután (“afternoon”), este (“evening”), éjjel / éjszaka (“night”), and vasárnap (“Sunday”) |
-kor (“at”) | pirkadat / virradat (“dawn”), napkelte (“sunrise”), napnyugta (“sunset”), alkonyat (“dusk”), szürkület (“twilight”), éjfél (“midnight”), hours and minutes, and the names of holidays (húsvét (“Easter”) etc.) |
-ban/-ben (“in”) | dél (“noon”), hajnal (“daybreak”), names of months (január–december) and hónap (“month”), évszak (“season”), év (“year”) and specific years, évtized (“decade”) and longer periods |
-n/-on/-en/-ön (“on”) | days of the week (hétfő–szombat) except Sunday, days of the month (elseje (“1st”), másodika (“2nd”) etc.), nap (“day”), hét (“week”), nyár (“summer”), and tél (“winter”) |
-val/-vel (“with”, assimilated: -szal/-szel) | tavasz (“spring”), ősz (“autumn, fall”) |
Declension
For the terminative, estig is the most common form.
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | este | esték |
accusative | estét | estéket |
dative | estének | estéknek |
instrumental | estével | estékkel |
causal-final | estéért | estékért |
translative | estévé | estékké |
terminative | estéig | estékig |
essive-formal | esteként | estékként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | estében | estékben |
superessive | estén | estéken |
adessive | esténél | estéknél |
illative | estébe | estékbe |
sublative | estére | estékre |
allative | estéhez | estékhez |
elative | estéből | estékből |
delative | estéről | estékről |
ablative | estétől | estéktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
estéé | estéké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
estééi | estékéi |
Possessive forms of este | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | estém | estéim |
2nd person sing. | estéd | estéid |
3rd person sing. | estéje | estéi |
1st person plural | esténk | estéink |
2nd person plural | estétek | estéitek |
3rd person plural | estéjük | estéik |
References
- Compare Az estve (’The Evening’) by Mihály Csokonai (1794), with English translation
- este in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- est in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
Further reading
- (evening): este in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Karelian
Latin
Etymology 1
Form of the verb edō (“I eat”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈeːs.te/, [ˈeːs̠t̪ɛ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛst̪e]
Etymology 2
Form of the verb sum (“I am”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛs̠t̪ɛ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/, [ˈɛst̪e]
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English ēst, from Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛːst(ə)/, /ˈeːst(ə)/
Noun
References
- “ēste, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.
References
- “ēste, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.
Mirandese
Synonyms
See also
Mirandese demonstratives (edit) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pronouns | Adverbs | ||||||
Singular | Plural | Neuter | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Proximal | X | este, aqueste | esta, aquesta | estes, aquestes | estas, aquestas | isto, aquisto | eiqui, acá |
de + X | deste, daqueste | desta, daquesta | destes, daquestes | destas, daquestas | disto, daquisto | deiqui | |
an + X | neste, naqueste | nesta, naquesta | nestes, naquestes | nestas, naquestas | nisto, naquisto | — | |
Medial | X | esse, aquesse | essa, aquessa | esses, aquesses | essas, aquessas | isso, aquisso | alhi, eilhi |
de + X | desse, daquesse | dessa, daquessa | desses, daquesses | dessas, daquessas | disso, daquisso | dalhi, deilhi | |
an + X | nesse, naquesse | nessa, naquessa | nesses, naquesses | nessas, naquessas | nisso, naquisso | — | |
Distal | X | aquel | aqueilha | aqueilhes | aqueilhas | aqueilho, aquilho | alhi, alhá |
de + X | daquel | daqueilha | daqueilhes | daqueilhas | daqueilho, daquilho | dalhi, dalhá | |
an + X | naquel | naqueilha | naqueilhes | naqueilhas | naqueilho, naquilho | — |
Portuguese
Etymology 1
Borrowed from French est,[1][2] from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɛs.t͡ʃi/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈɛʃ.t͡ʃi/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɛs.te/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈɛʃ.t(ɨ)/
Audio (Brazil - São Paulo) (file) - Hyphenation: es‧te
Noun
este m (uncountable)
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.
Coordinate terms
- (compass points) ponto cardeal;
noroeste | norte | nordeste |
oeste poente ocidente |
![]() |
leste este nascente oriente |
sudoeste | sul | sudeste |
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.
Etymology 2
From Old Portuguese este (displacing collateral form aqueste), from Latin iste.
Alternative forms
- êste (superseded)
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈes.t͡ʃi/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈeʃ.t͡ʃi/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈes.te/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈeʃ.t(ɨ)/
- (Northeast Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈeʃ.tɪ/
- Hyphenation: es‧te
Determiner
este (feminine esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas)
- this (indicates something or someone nearby)
- that (indicates something or someone just mentioned)
- this (indicates something or someone about to be mentioned)
- (of a unit of time) this (which is current)
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 127:
- A segurança está cem vezes mais rigorosa este verão.
- The security is a hundred times more severe this summer.
-
Pronoun
este (feminine esta, masculine plural estes, feminine plural estas, neuter isto) (definite demonstrative pronoun)
Usage notes
In spoken Brazilian Portuguese, this word is very often replaced by esse, both as a determiner and as a pronoun.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:este.
See also
Portuguese demonstratives (edit) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pronouns | Adverbs | ||||||
Singular | Plural | Neuter | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Proximal | X | este | esta | estes | estas | isto | aqui, cá |
de + X | deste | desta | destes | destas | disto | daqui | |
em + X | neste | nesta | nestes | nestas | nisto | — | |
Medial | X | esse | essa | esses | essas | isso | aí |
de + X | desse | dessa | desses | dessas | disso | daí | |
em + X | nesse | nessa | nesses | nessas | nisso | — | |
Distal | X | aquele | aquela | aqueles | aquelas | aquilo | ali, lá |
de + X | daquele | daquela | daqueles | daquelas | daquilo | dali | |
em + X | naquele | naquela | naqueles | naquelas | naquilo | — | |
a + X | àquele | àquela | àqueles | àquelas | àquilo | ||
Anaphoric | X | o | a | os | as | — | — |
de + X | do | da | dos | das | |||
em + X | no | na | nos | nas | |||
a + X | ao | à | aos | às |
References
- “este” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “este” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Romanian
Alternative forms
- есте (Post-1930s (Moldavian) Cyrillic spelling)
Etymology
From Latin est with an epenthetic vowel, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Its similarity to Serbo-Croatian jeste is partially a coincidence.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjes.te/
- Rhymes: -este
- Hyphenation: es‧te
Verb
este
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈeste/ [ˈes.t̪e]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -este
- Syllabification: es‧te
Pronoun
este m sg (demonstrative, feminine esta, neuter esto, feminine plural estas, masculine plural estos, neuter plural estos)
- Alternative spelling of éste
Usage notes
- The unaccented form can function as a pronoun if it can be unambiguously deduced as such from context.
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
See also
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Etymology 2
Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”), therefore related to English east and Spanish Austria.
See also
Further reading
- “este”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: es‧te
- IPA(key): /ˈʔeste/, [ˈʔes.te]
Particle
este
- I mean
- Pupunta ako sa panaderya, este, restawran.
- I am going to the bakery, I mean, the restaurant.
- Pupunta ako sa panaderya, este, restawran.
Derived terms
- este-este
- umeste
Coordinate terms
hilagang kanluran norweste |
hilaga norte |
hilagang silangan nordeste |
oksidente kanluran oeste |
![]() |
oryente silangan este |
salatan/sur oeste timog-kanluran |
sur timog |
sur este timog-silangan |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “este”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018