書

See also: 书, 畫, and 晝

書 U+66F8, 書
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F8
← 曷
[U+66F7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 曹 →
[U+66F9]
書 U+2F8CC, 書
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8CC
← 旣
[U+2F8CB] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 晉 →
[U+2F8CD]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

書 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中土日 (LGA), four-corner 50601, composition ⿳𦘒一曰)

Derived characters

References

Chinese
trad. 書
simp. 书
alternative forms 𦘠
書 (1)

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 書
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (者) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
觰 *rtaːʔ, *rtaː
諸 *tjaː, *tja
者 *tjaːʔ
堵 *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
赭 *tjaːʔ
撦 *l̥ʰjaːʔ
扯 *tʰjaːʔ
闍 *djaː, *taː
奢 *hljaː
鍺 *toːlʔ
都 *taː
醏 *taː
覩 *taːʔ
睹 *taːʔ
暏 *taːʔ
賭 *taːʔ
帾 *taːʔ
楮 *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
屠 *daː, *da
瘏 *daː
廜 *daː
鷵 *daː
緒 *ljaʔ
豬 *ta
猪 *ta
瀦 *ta
藸 *ta, *da
櫫 *ta
褚 *taʔ, *tʰaʔ
著 *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
箸 *tas, *das
儲 *da
躇 *da
櫧 *tja
藷 *tja, *djas
蠩 *tja
煮 *tjaʔ
渚 *tjaʔ
煑 *tjaʔ
陼 *tjaʔ
翥 *tjas
署 *djas
薯 *djas
曙 *djas
書 *hlja
暑 *hjaʔ
鐯 *taɡ
擆 *taɡ
櫡 *taɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hlja) : semantic 聿 (“writing brush”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).

Etymology

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chu/chir - vernacular;
  • su/sir/si - literary.
Rime
Character 書
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 傷魚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕɨə̆/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiɔ/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 syu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 書
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syo ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-ta/
English write

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 書
Reading # 1/1
No. 17013
Phonetic
component		 者
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 書
Old
Chinese		 /*hlja/

Definitions

書

  1. book; codex (Classifier: 本; 冊／册; 部)
    我對這本書產生了共鳴。 [MSC, trad.]
    我对这本书产生了共鸣。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ duì zhè běn shū chǎnshēng le gòngmíng. [Pinyin]
    I resonated with this book.
    唔記得買書／唔记得买书 [Cantonese]  ―  m4 gei3 dak1 maai5 syu1 [Jyutping]  ―  to forget to buy textbooks
  2. letter; document
    證明書／证明书  ―  zhèngmíngshū  ―  certificate
    推薦書／推荐书  ―  tuījiànshū  ―  recommendation letter
    情書／情书  ―  qíngshū  ―  love letter
    家書／家书  ―  jiāshū  ―  letter to or from one's family or home
    《告臺灣同胞書》 [MSC, trad.]
    《告台湾同胞书》 [MSC, simp.]
    “Gào Táiwān Tóngbāo Shū” [Pinyin]
    Message to the Compatriots in Taiwan
  3. form of a written or printed Chinese character; style of calligraphy; script; font
    楷書／楷书  ―  kǎishū  ―  regular script
    隸書／隶书  ―  lìshū  ―  clerical script
  4. (literary) Chinese character
  5. (literary) the art of calligraphy
  6. (historical) ancient government post in charge of secretarial duties
  7. (historical) imperial edict
  8. storytelling
    說書／说书  ―  shuōshū  ―  to perform pingshu (storytelling)
    聽書／听书  ―  tīngshū  ―  to listen to performance of pingshu (storytelling)
  9. to write
    書寫／书写  ―  shūxiě  ―  to write
    罄竹難書／罄竹难书  ―  qìngzhúnánshū  ―  (of crimes) to be too many to mention
  10. (Cantonese, education) teaching materials (Classifier: 課／课) (clarification of this definition is needed)
    聽書／听书 [Cantonese]  ―  teng1 syu1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
  11. Short for 書經／书经 (shūjīng, “the Classic of History”).
  12. a surname

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 書 (“book”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 書
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 書, 書本 collective, 書籍 collective, 書冊
Mandarin Beijing 書
Taiwan 書
Yantai (Muping) 書
Jinan 書
Luoyang 書
Wanrong 書
Xi'an 書
Yinchuan 書
Lanzhou 書
Xining 書
Ürümqi 書
Wuhan 書
Chengdu 書, 書些 collective
Guiyang 書
Guilin 書
Liuzhou 書
Xuzhou 書
Yangzhou 書, 冊子 euphemistic
Nanjing 書
Hefei 書
Malaysia 書
Singapore 書
Dagudi (Maliba) 書
Reshuitang (Longling) 書
Mae Salong (Lancang) 書
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 書
Cantonese Guangzhou 書
Hong Kong 書
Macau 書
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 書
Taishan 書
Taishan (Guanghai) 書
Dongguan 書
Yangjiang 書
Hepu (Lianzhou) 書
Hepu (Shatian) 書
Beihai 書
Beihai (Nankang) 書
Beihai (Yingpan) 書
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 書
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 書
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 書
Danzhou 書
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 書
Singapore (Guangfu) 書
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 書
Móng Cái 書
Mandalay (Taishan) 書
Gan Nanchang 書
Lichuan 書
Pingxiang 書
Hakka Meixian 書
Yudu 書
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 書
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 書
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 書
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 書
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 書
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 書
Huizhou Jixi 書
Jin Taiyuan 書
Xinzhou 書
Liangcheng 書
Min Bei Jian'ou 書
Songxi 書
Jianyang 書
Min Dong Fuzhou 書
Changle 書
Lianjiang 書
Fuqing 書
Yongtai 書
Minqing 書
Gutian 書
Pingnan 書
Luoyuan 書
Fu'an 書
Ningde 書
Xiapu 書
Zherong 書
Shouning 書
Zhouning 書
Fuding 書冊, 書
Min Nan Xiamen 冊, 書冊
Quanzhou 冊, 書, 書冊
Jinjiang 冊
Yongchun 冊, 書
Zhangzhou 冊
Zhangpu 冊
New Taipei (Tamsui) 書
New Taipei (Pingxi) 書
Tainan 冊
Tainan (Anping) 冊
Penghu (Xiyu) 書
Penang (Hokkien) 冊
Singapore (Hokkien) 冊
Manila (Hokkien) 冊
Medan (Hokkien) 冊
Longyan 書冊
Zhangping 冊
Zhangping (Yongfu) 冊
Datian 書
Chaozhou 書
Shantou 書, 書冊
Jieyang 書
Haifeng 冊
Bangkok (Teochew) 書
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 書
Hat Yai (Teochew) 書
Singapore (Teochew) 書, 冊
Pontianak (Teochew) 書
Leizhou 冊
Wenchang 冊
Haikou 冊
Singapore (Hainanese) 冊
Puxian Min Putian 冊
Putian (Donghai) 冊
Putian (Jiangkou) 冊
Putian (Nanri) 冊
Xianyou 冊
Xianyou (Fengting) 冊
Xianyou (Youyang) 冊
Min Zhong Yong'an 書
Shaxian 書
Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 書
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 書
Wu Shanghai 書
Shanghai (Chongming) 書
Suzhou 書
Danyang 書
Hangzhou 書
Ningbo 書
Wenzhou 書
Jinhua 書
Xiang Changsha 書
Xiangxiang 書
Loudi 書
Shuangfeng 書
  • (letter):
Synonyms of 書
Dialectal synonyms of 信 (“letter”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 書, 函, 書札, 書函, 便紙 Korea
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 信, 函, 書信, 信件, 信函, 信札, 函件, 書函, 書簡, 書牘, 書札
Mandarin Beijing 信
Taiwan 信
Yantai (Muping) 信
Jinan 信
Luoyang 信
Wanrong 信
Xi'an 信
Yinchuan 信
Lanzhou 信
Xining 信
Ürümqi 信
Wuhan 信
Chengdu 信
Guiyang 信
Guilin 信
Liuzhou 信
Xuzhou 信
Yangzhou 信
Nanjing 信
Hefei 信
Malaysia 信
Singapore 信
Dagudi (Maliba) 信
Reshuitang (Longling) 信
Mae Salong (Lancang) 信
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 信
Cantonese Guangzhou 信
Hong Kong 信
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 信
Macau 信
Guangzhou (Panyu) 信
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 信
Guangzhou (Conghua) 信
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 信
Foshan 信
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 信
Foshan (Shunde) 信
Foshan (Sanshui) 信
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 信
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 信
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 信
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 信
Zhuhai (Doumen) 信
Jiangmen (Baisha) 信
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 信
Taishan 信
Kaiping (Chikan) 信
Enping (Niujiang) 信
Heshan (Yayao) 信
Dongguan 信
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 信
Shaoguan 信
Yunfu 信
Yangjiang 信
Xinyi 信
Lianjiang 信
Beihai 信
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 信
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 信
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 信
Singapore (Guangfu) 信
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 信
Móng Cái 信
Gan Nanchang 信
Lichuan 信
Pingxiang 信
Hakka Meixian 信
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 信
Dongguan (Qingxi) 信
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 信
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 信
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 信
Wuhua (Huacheng) 信
Wuhua (Changbu) 信
Wuhua (Mianyang) 信
Conghua (Lütian) 信
Luhe 信仔
Yudu 信
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 信仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 信仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 信仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 信
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 信仔, 信
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 批, 信
Hong Kong 信
Huizhou Jixi 信
Jin Taiyuan 信
Xinzhou 信
Min Bei Jian'ou 信
Songxi 信
Jianyang 信
Min Dong Fuzhou 批
Gutian 批
Pingnan 批, 信
Ningde 批
Zhouning 批
Fuding 信
Matsu 批
Singapore (Fuqing) 批
Min Nan Xiamen 批, 批信
Quanzhou 批, 批信
Yongchun 批
Zhangzhou 批, 批信
Zhao'an 批
Taipei 批
New Taipei (Sanxia) 批
Kaohsiung 批
Yilan 批
Changhua (Lukang) 批
Taichung 批
Taichung (Wuqi) 批
Tainan 批, 批信
Taitung 批
Hsinchu 批
Kinmen 批
Penghu (Magong) 批
Penang (Hokkien) 批
Singapore (Hokkien) 批, 批信
Manila (Hokkien) 批
Longyan 信
Datian 信
Chaozhou 信, 批 international incoming letters
Bangkok (Teochew) 信, 家批 dated
Singapore (Teochew) 信, 批
Batam (Teochew) 信
Leizhou 信
Wenchang 信 domestic, 批 international
Haikou 信
Singapore (Hainanese) 信, 批
Puxian Min Putian 批
Xianyou 批
Fuding (Aoyao) 批
Min Zhong Yong'an 信
Shaxian 信
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 信
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 信
Wu Shanghai 信
Shanghai (Chongming) 信
Suzhou 信
Danyang 信
Ningbo 信
Wenzhou 信
Jinhua 信
Xiang Changsha 信
Loudi 信
Shuangfeng 信

Compounds
Derived terms from 書

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (書):
  • → Japanese: 書(しょ) (sho)
  • → Korean: 서(書) (seo)
  • → Vietnamese: thư (書)

"Others":

  • → Proto-Tai: *sɯːᴬ

References

Japanese

Kanji
書

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
書
しょ
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 書／书 (syo, “writing”).

Pronunciation

Noun

書(しょ) • (sho) 

  1. document

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
書
ふみ
Grade: 2
irregular

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

書(ふみ) • (fumi) 

  1. letter

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 書 (MC ɕɨʌ). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔 (sye) (Yale: sye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 書 (eumhun 글 서 (geul seo))

  1. Hanja form? of 서 (“document”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji
書

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
  • 書 (し)物 (むち) (shimuchi)
  • 上 (っわー)書 (が)ち ('wāgachi)
  • 下 (しちゃ)書 (が)ち (shichagachi)

Vietnamese

Han character

書: Hán Nôm readings: thư

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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