箸
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Translingual
Han character
箸 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹十大日 (HJKA), four-corner 88604, composition ⿱𥫗者)
Derived characters
- 𢷷, 櫡, 𥗁, 𦇃, 𨮿, 𣃑
References
- KangXi: page 891, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26224
- Dae Jaweon: page 1318, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2979, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7BB8
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 箸 | |
|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
Characters in the same phonetic series (者) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 觰 | *rtaːʔ, *rtaː |
| 諸 | *tjaː, *tja |
| 者 | *tjaːʔ |
| 堵 | *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ |
| 赭 | *tjaːʔ |
| 撦 | *l̥ʰjaːʔ |
| 扯 | *tʰjaːʔ |
| 闍 | *djaː, *taː |
| 奢 | *hljaː |
| 鍺 | *toːlʔ |
| 都 | *taː |
| 醏 | *taː |
| 覩 | *taːʔ |
| 睹 | *taːʔ |
| 暏 | *taːʔ |
| 賭 | *taːʔ |
| 帾 | *taːʔ |
| 楮 | *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 屠 | *daː, *da |
| 瘏 | *daː |
| 廜 | *daː |
| 鷵 | *daː |
| 緒 | *ljaʔ |
| 豬 | *ta |
| 猪 | *ta |
| 瀦 | *ta |
| 藸 | *ta, *da |
| 櫫 | *ta |
| 褚 | *taʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 著 | *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ |
| 箸 | *tas, *das |
| 儲 | *da |
| 躇 | *da |
| 櫧 | *tja |
| 藷 | *tja, *djas |
| 蠩 | *tja |
| 煮 | *tjaʔ |
| 渚 | *tjaʔ |
| 煑 | *tjaʔ |
| 陼 | *tjaʔ |
| 翥 | *tjas |
| 署 | *djas |
| 薯 | *djas |
| 曙 | *djas |
| 書 | *hlja |
| 暑 | *hjaʔ |
| 鐯 | *taɡ |
| 擆 | *taɡ |
| 櫡 | *taɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tas, *das) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
箸 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 櫡 筯／箸 筷 Min | |
The Classical Chinese word for "chopsticks". It has been replaced by 筷子 (kuàizi) in many dialects for taboo reasons, avoiding homophony with 住 (zhù, “stopping”) in boatmen's language. Still used in almost all Min dialects and sporadically in other topolects, such as Southern Wu topolects including Wenzhounese.
Pronunciation
Definitions
箸
- (literary or regional) chopsticks (Classifier: 雙／双; 奇 md mn)
- 飯黍毋以箸。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Fàn shǔ wú yǐ zhù. [Pinyin]
- Do not use chopsticks in eating millet.
饭黍毋以箸。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 停杯投箸不能食，拔劍四顧心茫然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 774, 李白 (Li Bai), 《行路難》其一 (The Hard Road)
- Tíng bēi tóu zhù bùnéng shí, bájiàn sìgù xīn mángrán. [Pinyin]
- I rest my cup and throw away my chopsticks, I cannot eat or drink; I draw my sword and look around in confusion.
停杯投箸不能食，拔剑四顾心茫然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 紂王有一日得著一雙象牙ê箸，伊ê人臣箕子看了不止憂悶驚惶。 [Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 1916, anon., Tùi小可會知大項
- Tiū-ông ū chi̍t ji̍t tit-tio̍h chi̍t siang chhiūⁿ-gê ê tī, i ê jîn-sîn Kî Chú khòaⁿ-liáu put-chí iu-būn kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- One day, King Zhou got a pair of ivory chopsticks. His official Jizi saw that and became incessantly worried and frightened.
纣王有一日得着一双象牙ê箸，伊ê人臣箕子看了不止忧闷惊惶。 [Hokkien, simp.]
- (Min) chopstick-shaped object
- 冰箸 [Min Dong] ― bĭng-*dê̤ṳ / [piŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ tøy²⁴²] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― ice lolly
- (literary or Southwestern Mandarin, Cantonese) Classifier for an amount of food held with a pair of chopsticks: chopstickful
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 筷子 (“chopsticks”) [map]
Compounds
Derived terms from 箸
Descendants
- → Baha: daau³³ (“chopsticks”)
- → Bouyei: deh (“chopsticks”)
- → Burmese: တူ (tu, “chopsticks”) (via Min Nan)
- → Korean: 저 (箸, jeo) > 젓가락 (jeotgarak, “chopsticks”)
- → Lao: ຖູ່ (thū) > ໄມ້ຖູ່ (mai thū, “chopsticks”)
- ⇒ Lolopo: azzu (“chopsticks”)
- → Lü: ᦏᦴᧈ (ṫhuu1) > ᦙᦺᧉᦏᦴᧈ (may2ṫhuu1, “chopsticks”)
- → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *drouH (“chopsticks”)
- → Sichuan Yi: ꎋ (rrup, “chopsticks”)
- → Sui: zuh (“chopsticks”)
- → Vietnamese: đũa (“chopsticks”)
- → Zhuang: dawh (“chopsticks”)
Japanese
Readings
From Middle Chinese 箸 (MC ɖɨʌH); compare Mandarin 箸 (zhù):
From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 箸 (zhuó):
From native Japanese roots:
Compounds
- 菜箸 (saibashi)
- 割り箸 (waribashi)
- 箸置き (hashioki, “chopstick rest”)
Pronunciation
See also
- おてもと (otemoto)
Korean
Hanja
箸 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
箸: Hán Việt readings: trứ[1][2][3], trợ[1][3]
箸: Nôm readings: đũa[4][5][6], trứ[5], chước[5], giạ[5]
- Nôm form of đũa (“chopstick(s)”).
References
- Trần (1999).
- Nguyễn (1974).
- Thiều Chửu (1942).
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Trần (2004).
- Vũ (1998).
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