potior

Latin

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpo.ti.or/, [ˈpɔt̪iɔr]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpot.t͡si.or/, [ˈpɔt̪ː͡s̪ior]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *potjōr.

Verb

potior (present infinitive potīrī or potīrier, perfect active potītus sum); fourth conjugation, deponent

  1. I obtain, acquire, get
    Synonyms: adipīscor, cōnsequor, parō, pariō, impetrō, mereō, sūmō, emō, comparō, acquīrō, ūsūrpō, inveniō, apīscor, obtineō, conciliō, nancīscor, colligō, alliciō
    Antonym: āmittō
    • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.6:
      Caesar partitis copiis cum Gaio Fabio legato et Marco Crasso quaestore celeriterque effectis pontibus adit tripertito, aedificia vicosque incendit, magno pecoris atque hominum numero potitur.
      Caesar, having divided his forces with C. Fabius, his lieutenant, and M. Crassus his questor, and having hastily constructed some bridges, enters their country in three divisions, burns their houses and villages, and gains possession of a large number of cattle and men.
  2. I grasp, attain
  3. I seize, capture, control
    Synonyms: possideō, occupō, expugnō, obsideō, teneō, adipīscor, arripiō, corripiō, comprehendo, dēprehendō, apprehendō, capessō, capiō
Usage notes
  • The verb potior and others like it, fruor, fungor, ūtor, vescor, and their compounds, regularly govern the ablative case.
    Mīles gladiō ūtitur.
    The soldier uses a sword.
  • Potior sometimes governs the genitive.
    potīrī rērum ― to get control of affairs
Conjugation
   Conjugation of potior (fourth conjugation, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present potior potīris,
potīre		 potītur potīmur potīminī potiuntur
imperfect potiēbar potiēbāris,
potiēbāre		 potiēbātur potiēbāmur potiēbāminī potiēbantur
future potiar potiēris,
potiēre		 potiētur potiēmur potiēminī potientur
perfect potītus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect potītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect potītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present potiar potiāris,
potiāre		 potiātur potiāmur potiāminī potiantur
imperfect potīrer potīrēris,
potīrēre		 potīrētur potīrēmur potīrēminī potīrentur
perfect potītus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect potītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — potīre — — potīminī —
future — potītor potītor — — potiuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives potīrī,
potīrier1		 potītum esse potītūrum esse — — —
participles potiēns potītus potītūrus — — potiendus,
potiundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
potiendī potiendō potiendum potiendō potītum potītū

1The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Italic *potjōs, comparative of potis (“able, capable”). Cognate to Albanian pata.[1][2]

Adjective

potior (neuter potius); third declension

  1. comparative degree of potis
Declension

Third-declension comparative adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative potior potius potiōrēs potiōra
Genitive potiōris potiōrum
Dative potiōrī potiōribus
Accusative potiōrem potius potiōrēs potiōra
Ablative potiōre potiōribus
Vocative potior potius potiōrēs potiōra
Descendants
  • Italian: poziore
  • Sicilian: puzziuri

References
  • “potior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “potior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • potior in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • potior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (1) to usurp supreme power, (2) to be in a position of power: rerum potiri
    • to conquer a country: terra potiri
    • (ambiguous) there is nothing I am more interested in than..: nihil antiquius or prius habeo quam ut (nihil mihi antiquius or potius est, quam ut)
  • potior in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  1. Orel, Vladimir (1998), “potior”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 167
  2. Albanische Etymologien (Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz), Bardhyl Demiraj, Leiden Studies in Indo-European 7; Amsterdam - Atlanta 1997
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