alar
English
Adjective
alar (not comparable)
Derived terms
- alar canal
- alar chest
- alar foramen
- alar ligaments
- greater alar cartilage
- lesser alar cartilage
Translations
Franco-Provençal
Etymology
The all- forms derive from Vulgar Latin alare (attested in the 7th century Reichenau Glosses). This verb, a cognate of French aller and Friulian lâ, has traditionally been explained as deriving from Latin ambulāre via or together with amblar (compare Old French ambler, Italian ambiare, Romanian umbla), but this explanation is phonologically problematic. Several theories have been put forth since the 17th century to explain how ambulare could have become alar in Franco-Provençal and aller in French.[1] Since at least the 18th century, some have suggested that French aller, and thus Franco-Provençal alar as well, derive not from Latin but from Celtic,[2][3] Gaulish *aliu, from Proto-Celtic zero grade *ɸal-: compare Welsh elwyf (“I may go”), Cornish ellev (“I may go”), from full grade *ɸel- (see mynd for more). See French aller (“to go”).
Latin vādō (“go”) supplies the present tense forms and īre, present active infinitive of eō, supplies the future and conditional.
Conjugation

simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | alar | étre alâ | |||||
gerund | alent | étent alâ | |||||
auxiliary verb | étre | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | alâ | alâye | |||||
plural | alâs | alâyes | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | jo (j') | tu (t') | il/elli | nos | vos | ils | |
present | vé, véso | vas | vat | alens, vans | alâds | vant | |
imperfect | alâvo | alâves | alâve | alâvans | alâvâds | alâvont | |
preterite | alé | alés | alat | alens, alérens | alétes | aléront | |
future | aleré, iré, veré1 | alerés, irés, verés1 | alerat, irat, verat1 | alerens, irens, verens1 | aleréds, iréds, veréds1 | aleront, iront, veront1 | |
conditional | alerê, irê, verê1 | alerês, irês, verês1 | alerêt, irêt, verêt1 | alerans, irans, verans1 | alerâds, irâds, verâds1 | alerant, irant, verant1 | |
compound tenses | present perfect | present indicative of étre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of étre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite indicative of étre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future indicative of étre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of étre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j') | que te (t') | qu'il/el | que nos | que vos | qu'ils/els | |
present | âlyo | âlyes | âlye | alyens | alyâds | âlyont | |
imperfect | alésso | alésses | alésse | aléssens | alésséds | aléssont | |
compound tenses | past | present subjunctive of étre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of étre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | te | — | nos | vos | — | |
va | alens, vans | alâds | 1varies by region |
References
- 1939, D. A. Paton, On the origin of aller, in Studies in French Language and Mediaeval Literature, page 301: The opinion that ambulare is the origin of aller has been and is held by so many eminent etymologists that it is with some diffidence I venture to suggest another source. [...] By these suggestions I am not attempting to prove that aller and ambler are of different origin, but only to show that such a theory is not only possible, but probable. The real and to my mind insuperable objection to ambulare as the source of aller is the phonetic question, and here we find that the supporters of ambulare, in explaining its unique development, arrive at their common conclusion by entirely different routes. Ducange would take aller as coming from ambler. Schuchardt's reasoning is as follows: – ambulare to *ammulare to *amlare to aller. [...] More recently, Meyer-Lübke's view is that ambulare was simply contracted to *allare, the contraction being particularly natural in the imperative mood. Gammillscheg also points out that ambulate, used in the army as a word of command, would easily be shortened to *alate.
- 1773, Charles Vallancey, A Grammar of the Iberno-Celtic, Or Irish Language, page 84: aill, go thou [...] from hence aller the French verb, to go
- 1873, Louis A. Languellier, H. M. Monsanto, A pratical course with the French language, page 487: "words which [...] belong to the ancient Gallic or Celtic speech [...include] aller, to go"
Indonesian
Etymology
From Madurese [Term?].
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈalar/
- Rhymes: -alar, -lar, -ar, -r
Noun
alar (plural alar-alar, first-person possessive alarku, second-person possessive alarmu, third-person possessive alarnya)
Further reading
- “alar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
Verb
alar
- inflection of alō:
- first-person singular future passive indicative
- first-person singular present passive subjunctive
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *aliʀu.
Declension
References
- Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014
Old Irish
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
·alar | unchanged | ·n-alar |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /aˈlaʁ/ [aˈlah]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /aˈlaɾ/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /aˈlaʁ/ [aˈlaχ]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /aˈlaɻ/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐˈlaɾ/
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /aˈla(ʁ)/ [aˈla(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /aˈla(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /aˈla(ʁ)/ [aˈla(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /aˈla(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐˈlaɾ/
Verb
alar (first-person singular present alo, first-person singular preterite alei, past participle alado)
- to give wings
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | alar | |||||
Personal | alar | alares | alar | alarmos | alardes | alarem |
Gerund | ||||||
alando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | alado | alados | ||||
Feminine | alada | aladas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | alo | alas | ala | alamos | alais | alam |
Imperfect | alava | alavas | alava | alávamos | aláveis | alavam |
Preterite | alei | alaste | alou | alamos1, alámos2 | alastes | alaram |
Pluperfect | alara | alaras | alara | aláramos | aláreis | alaram |
Future | alarei | alarás | alará | alaremos | alareis | alarão |
Conditional | ||||||
alaria | alarias | alaria | alaríamos | alaríeis | alariam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | ale | ales | ale | alemos | aleis | alem |
Imperfect | alasse | alasses | alasse | alássemos | alásseis | alassem |
Future | alar | alares | alar | alarmos | alardes | alarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | ala | ale | alemos | alai | alem | |
Negative (não) | não ales | não ale | não alemos | não aleis | não alem |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /aˈla(ʁ)/ [aˈla(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /aˈla(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /aˈla(ʁ)/ [aˈla(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /aˈla(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐˈlaɾ/
Verb
alar (first-person singular present alo, first-person singular preterite alei, past participle alado)
- to haul
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | alar | |||||
Personal | alar | alares | alar | alarmos | alardes | alarem |
Gerund | ||||||
alando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | alado | alados | ||||
Feminine | alada | aladas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | alo | alas | ala | alamos | alais | alam |
Imperfect | alava | alavas | alava | alávamos | aláveis | alavam |
Preterite | alei | alaste | alou | alamos1, alámos2 | alastes | alaram |
Pluperfect | alara | alaras | alara | aláramos | aláreis | alaram |
Future | alarei | alarás | alará | alaremos | alareis | alarão |
Conditional | ||||||
alaria | alarias | alaria | alaríamos | alaríeis | alariam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | ale | ales | ale | alemos | aleis | alem |
Imperfect | alasse | alasses | alasse | alássemos | alásseis | alassem |
Future | alar | alares | alar | alarmos | alardes | alarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | ala | ale | alemos | alai | alem | |
Negative (não) | não ales | não ale | não alemos | não aleis | não alem |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aˈlaɾ/ [aˈlaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: a‧lar
Further reading
- “alar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Tatar
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈalar/, /ˈaːlar/