alam

See also: alām, alam-, and āläm

Estonian

Etymology

Ultimately derived from ala (“area”).

Noun

alam (genitive alama, partitive alama)

  1. inferior, something or someone that is of a lower standing

Inflection
Inflection of alam (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative alam alamad
accusative alama alamad
genitive alama alamate
partitive alamat alamaid
illative alamasse alamatesse
alamaisse
inessive alamas alamates
alamais
elative alamast alamatest
alamaist
allative alamale alamatele
alamaile
adessive alamal alamatel
alamail
ablative alamalt alamatelt
alamailt
translative alamaks alamateks
alamaiks
terminative alamani alamateni
essive alamana alamatena
abessive alamata alamateta
comitative alamaga alamatega

Derived terms

Hiligaynon

Etymology

From Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم‎ (ʿālam).

Noun

álam

  1. knowledge, learning

Derived terms

Verb

álam

  1. to be or become wise

Indonesian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈalam]
  • Rhymes: -alam, -lam, -am, -m
  • Hyphenation: alam

Etymology 1

From Malay alam, from Classical Malay عالم‎ (alam), from Arabic عَالَم‎ (ʿālam).[1]

Noun

alam (first-person possessive alamku, second-person possessive alammu, third-person possessive alamnya)

  1. universe: the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos, including time and space itself.
  2. nature: the natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design.
  3. world
    Synonym: dunia
  4. realm: a territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king.
    Synonyms: daerah, kerajaan, negeri
Derived terms
  • beralam
  • kealaman
  • alam akhirat
  • alam arwah
  • alam astral
  • alam baka
  • alam barzakh
  • alam besar
  • alam fana
  • alam gaib
  • alam kabir
  • alam kecil
  • alam kekal
  • alam kelanggengan
  • alam kubur
  • alam malakut
  • alam misal
  • alam nabati
  • alam pikiran
  • alam rahim
  • alam raya
  • alam sagir
  • alam samar
  • alam semesta
  • alam semesta datar
  • alam semesta terbuka
  • alam semesta tertutup

Etymology 2

From Arabic عَلَم‎ (ʿalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”).[2]

Noun

alam

  1. banner, standard
    Synonyms: bendera, panji
  2. an official of religious affairs in Banten and Madura
Derived terms

References
  1. Erwina Burhanuddin; Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan; R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, OCLC 29420936
  2. Erwina Burhanuddin; Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan; R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, OCLC 29420936

Further reading

Kavalan

Noun

alam

  1. bird

Lacandon

Adverb

alam

  1. down

Latin

Pronunciation
  • ālam: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈaː.lam/, [ˈäːɫ̪ä̃ˑ]
  • ālam: (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈa.lam/, [ˈäːläm]
  • alam: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈa.lam/, [ˈäɫ̪ä̃ˑ]
  • alam: (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈa.lam/, [ˈäːläm]

Noun

ālam f

  1. accusative singular of āla

Verb

alam

  1. inflection of alō:
    1. first-person singular future active indicative
    2. first-person singular present active subjunctive

Malay

Etymology

From Arabic عَالَم‎ (ʿālam).

Noun

alam (Jawi spelling عالم‎, plural alam-alam, informal 1st possessive alamku, 2nd possessive alammu, 3rd possessive alamnya)

  1. realm, world
  2. field (of interest)

Derived terms
  • alam baqa (“afterlife”)
  • alam barzakh (“Islamic afterlife”)
  • alam maya (“social media”)
  • alam semesta (“universe”)

Descendants
  • Indonesian: alam

Further reading

Portuguese

Verb

alam

  1. third-person plural present indicative of alar

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Compare Bikol Central aram.

Pronunciation
  • Hyphenation: a‧lam
  • IPA(key): /ʔaˈlam/, [ʔɐˈlam]
  • IPA(key): /ˈʔalam/, [ˈʔa.lɐm] (noun, uncommon)
  • Rhymes: -alam

Noun

alám or alam

  1. knowledge; learning; wisdom
    Synonyms: talino, dunong
  2. understanding; sense
    Synonym: unawa
  3. involvement; participation

Adjective

alám

  1. known; familiar
    Synonyms: batid, lantad
  2. aware; conscious; cognizant; sensible
    Synonyms: batid, tukoy
  3. clear; understood
    Synonym: maliwanag
Derived terms

Pronunciation
  • Hyphenation: a‧lam
  • IPA(key): /ˈʔalam/, [ˈʔa.lɐm]
  • Rhymes: -alam

Noun

alam

  1. root used in the word paalam to mean "goodbye"
Derived terms
  • magpaalam
  • magpaalaman
  • makapagpaalam
  • mamaalam
  • paalam
  • pagkapagpaalam
  • pagpaalaman
  • pagpapaalam
  • pagpapaalaman
  • pamamaalam

Ternate

Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic عَالَم‎ (ʿālam).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈa.lam]

Noun

alam

  1. world, universe

References
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English alarm.

Noun

alam

  1. alarm
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