till

• enPR: tĭl, IPA^(key): /tɪl/

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• Rhymes: -ɪl

From Middle English til, from Northern Old English til, from or akin to Old Norse til (“to, till”); both from Proto-Germanic *til (“to, toward”), from Proto-Germanic *tilą (“planned point in time”).[1][2] Not a shortening of until; rather, until comes from till with the prefix un- (“against; toward; up to”) also found in unto. Cognate with Old Frisian til (“to, till”), Danish til (“to”), Swedish till (“to, till”), Icelandic til (“to, till”). Also related to Old English til (“good”), German Ziel (“goal”), Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌻 (til, “something fitting or suitable”).

till

1. Until; to, up to; as late as (a given time).

   She stayed till the very end.

   It's twenty till two. (1:40)

   I have to work till eight o'clock tonight.

   • 1854, Prof. John Wilson, The Genius and Character of Burns, p.194 (Google preview):

     Similar sentiments will recur to everyone familiar with his writings all through them till the very end.

   • 1946 May and June, G. A. Sekon, “L.B.S.C.R. West Coast Section—3”, in Railway Magazine, page 148:

     The line was authorised on June 23, 1864, but not opened till July 11, 1881.

   • 2019 March 14, Ramzy Baroud, “Chasing mirages: What are Palestinians doing to combat ‘Deal of the Century’?”, in Ma'an News‎:

     While the PA has not always seen eye-to-eye with US foreign policy, its survival remained, till recently, a top American priority.

2. (obsolete, dialect) To, up to (physically).

   They led him till his tent

   • 1599, William Shakespeare (attributed), The Passionate Pilgrim:

     She, poor bird, as all forlorn / Lean'd her breast up-till a thorn / And there sung the dolefull'st ditty, / To to hear it was great pity.

   • 1806, “Lord Wa'Yates and Auld Ingram”, in Robert Jameson, editor, Popular Ballads and Songs, volume 2:

     And till the kirk she wadna gae, / nor till't she wadna ride, / Till four-and-twenty men she gat her before, / And twenty on ilka side

   • 1838, “The Outlaw Murray”, in Walter Scott, editor, Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border:

     For a king to gang an outlaw till / Is beneath his state and his dignitie.

3. (obsolete, dialect) To, toward (in attitude).
   • 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide

     And then she changed her voice and would be as saft as honey: 'My puir wee Ailie, was I thrawn till ye? Never mind, my bonnie. You and me are a' that's left, and we maunna be ill to ither.'

4. (dialectal) To make it possible that.
   • 1953?, Samuel Beckett, Waiting for Godot

     VLADIMIR: Together again at last! We'll have to celebrate this. But how? (He reflects.) Get up till I embrace you.

"till" in this context is usually considered colloquial in modern English (except for in some regional variants such as Indian English) and in most cases can be replaced by "until" or "to".

• (until): til (nonstandard), 'til (nonstandard), until

till

1. Until, until the time that.

   Maybe you can, maybe you can't: you won't know till you try.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Song of Solomon 2:7:

     I charge you, O ye daughters of Ierusalem, by the Roes, and by the hindes of the field, that ye stirre not vp, nor awake my loue, till she please.

   • 1846, Edward Lear, The Book of Nonsense:

     She twirled round and round, / Till she sunk underground, […]

   • 1912, anonymous, Punky Dunk and the Mouse, P.F. Volland & Co.:

     And the Mouse sat and laughed till he cried.

• (until): til (nonstandard), 'til (poetic), until; see also Thesaurus:until

From Middle English tylle (“till”), possibly from Middle English tillen (“to draw”) from Old English *tyllan (“to draw, attract”) (as in betyllan (“to lure, decoy”) and fortyllan (“to draw away”); related to *tollian > Middle English tollen). Cognate with Albanian ndjell (“I lure, attract”).

Alternatively, Middle English tylle is from Anglo-Norman tylle (“compartment”), from Old French tille (“compartment, shelter on a ship”), from Old Norse þilja (“plank”).

till (plural tills)

1. A cash register.
2. A removable box within a cash register containing the money.

   Pull all the tills and lock them in the safe.

3. The contents of a cash register, for example at the beginning or end of the day or of a cashier's shift.

   My count of my till was 30 dollars short.

4. (obsolete) A tray or drawer in a chest.

• have one's hand in the till

From Middle English tilyen, from Old English tilian.

till (third-person singular simple present tills, present participle tilling, simple past and past participle tilled)

1. (transitive) To develop so as to improve or prepare for usage; to cultivate (said of knowledge, virtue, mind etc.).
2. (transitive) To work or cultivate or plough (soil); to prepare for growing vegetation and crops.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Genesis 3:23:

     Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken.

3. (intransitive) To cultivate soil.
4. (obsolete) To prepare; to get.
   • 1614, William Browne, The Shepherd's Pipe:

     Nor knowes a trappe nor snare to till

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:till.

Unknown, but possibly via etymology 3 (the verb) because alluvial deposit is used as a fertilizer.

till

1. glacial drift consisting of a mixture of clay, sand, pebbles and boulders
2. (dialect) manure or other material used to fertilize land

• glacial till

From Middle English tylle; shortened from lentile (English lentil).

till (plural tills)

1. A vetch; a tare.

General

• till in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
• till in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• Until, Till, 'Til, or 'Till? in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 11 June 2019.

Footnotes

• it'll, lilt, lit'l

From Middle Low German dille.

till (genitive tilli, partitive tilli)

1. dill (herb)
2. (slang) penis

• till in Sõnaveeb

till

1. Alternative form of tillen (“to enthrall”)

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃʰiːʎ/

till (past thill, future tillidh, verbal noun tilleadh, past participle tillte)

1. to return, come back
2. to relapse

   Thill ris. ― He has got a relapse.

• A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (John Grant, Edinburgh, 1925, Compiled by Malcolm MacLennan)

• (archaic) til

From Old Swedish til, from Old Norse til, from Proto-Germanic *tila- (“goal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ád (“near, at”).

• IPA^(key): /tɪl/

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• IPA^(key): /teː/

till

1. to

   Välkommen till Sverige!

   Welcome to Sweden!

   Ge den till mig.

   Give it to me.

   Vi behöver två till fem nya datorer.

   We need two to five new computers.

2. for

   en bra TV till ett bra pris

   a good TV for a good price

   Vad vill du ha till middag?

   What do you want for dinner?

   en present till min syster

   a present for my sister

   pengar till resan

   money for the trip

3. with

   Jag tar mjölk till mitt kaffe

   I take milk with my coffee

• Earlier, till governed the genitive case. Remains can still be found in certain expressions: ge sig till tåls (“show patience”), tillbaka (“back”), till bords (“to the table”), till buds (“to aid, at hand”), till doms (“to judgement”), tillfreds (“at peace, content”), till godo (“for good, as credit”), till fots (“on foot”), till hands (“at hand”), tillhanda (“at hand, available”), till havs (“at/to sea”), krypa till kojs (“go to bed”), till kungs (“to the king”), till lags (“of service, to please”), till lands (“on land”), till livs (“to life, to eat”), till påska (“until Easter”), till reds (“to aid”), till sjöss (“at/to sea”), till skogs (“at/to the forest”), till sängs (“to bed”), till torgs (“to the market”), till vardags (“on weekdays”), till väders (“up into the air”)

• hur står det till?

• tills

till

1. another; in addition

   Jag vill ha en till ― I want another one

   Jag ska vara här en vecka till ― I'll be here for another week

2. Expresses something happening suddenly and for a short duration, when added after certain verbs. The examples below are for illustration and not comprehensive. Fairly productive for verbs where suddenness and short duration make intuitive sense.

   Han skrattade ― He laughed

   Han skrattade till ― He chuckled

   Han hoppade ― He jumped

   Han hoppade till ― He flinched

   Han somnade ― He fell asleep

   Han somnade till ― He nodded off

   Han slog honom ― He hit him

   Han slog till honom ― He gave him a punch (fairly synonymous, but makes it clear that it's a single punch and sounds a bit more intense)

   Han syntes ― He was visible

   Han syntes till ― He was spotted

The stress is on till, which helps disambiguate.

• till in Svensk ordbok.

till (definite form till gi)

1. jackal

till

1. Alternative form of del
   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6:

     To our pleoughès an mulk-pylès till a neeshte holy die.

     To our ploughs and our milk-pails till the next holiday.

• Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 96