甘

甘 U+7518, 甘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7518
← 甗
[U+7517] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 甙 →
[U+7519]
⽢ U+2F62, ⽢
KANGXI RADICAL SWEET
← ⽡
[U+2F61] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽣ →
[U+2F63]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

甘 (Kangxi radical 99, 甘+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿一 (TM), four-corner 44770, composition ⿻廿一)

  1. Kangxi radical #99, ⽢.

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 753, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21643
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1161, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2413, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7518

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 甘
alternative forms 𠙿
𤮺
𠙸
𭺪
𭺫

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 甘
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
紺 *kɯːms
姏 *mɡaːm
嵌 *sɡaːmʔ, *kʰraːm
甘 *kaːm
柑 *kaːm
苷 *kaːm
泔 *kaːm
坩 *kaːm, *kʰaːm
蚶 *ɢaːm, *ɢaːm
酣 *ɢaːm
甝 *ɢaːm
魽 *ɢaːm
邯 *ɡaːm, *ɡaːm
鉗 *ɡram
箝 *ɡram
黚 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
拑 *ɡram
semantic 口 (“mouth”) + semantic 一 something in the mouth, sweet

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-klum (“sweet”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thlum, Lepcha [script needed] (khlyam).

Possibly related to 甜 (OC *l'iːm, “sweet”) and 柑 (OC *kaːm, “mandarin orange”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • kam - literary;
  • kaⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 甘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古三切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑm/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kam/
Li
Rong		 /kɑm/
Wang
Li		 /kɑm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 甘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kam ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˁ[a]m/
English sweet

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 甘
Reading # 1/1
No. 3652
Phonetic
component		 甘
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 甘
Old
Chinese		 /*kaːm/

Definitions

甘

  1. sweet
    甘甜  ―  gāntián  ―  sweet
    甘蔗  ―  gānzhe  ―  sugar cane
  2. pleasant; satisfactory
  3. willingly; readily
    甘心  ―  gānxīn  ―  to be willing to
    甘願／甘愿  ―  gānyuàn  ―  willingly
  4. a surname
    甘為霖／甘为霖 [Hokkien]  ―  Kam Ûi-lîm [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  William Campbell / Kam Ûi-lîm (a Scottish Presbyterian missionary to Taiwan)
  5. Short for 甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù, “Gansu”).

Synonyms
  • (sweet):
Dialectal synonyms of 甜 (“sweet”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 甘, 甜
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 甜
Mandarin Beijing 甜
Tianjin 甜
Chengde 甜
Tangshan 甜
Cangzhou 甜
Baoding 甜
Shijiazhuang 甜
Chifeng 甜
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 甜
Heihe 甜
Qiqihar 甜
Harbin 甜
Jiamusi 甜
Baicheng 甜
Changchun 甜
Tonghua 甜
Shenyang 甜
Dandong 甜
Jinzhou 甜
Dalian 甜
Yantai 甜
Yantai (Muping) 甜
Qingdao 甜
Lijin 甜
Zhucheng 甜
Jinan 甜
Jining 甜
Luoyang 甜
Wanrong 甜
Shangqiu 甜
Yuanyang 甜
Zhengzhou 甜
Lingbao 甜
Xinyang 甜
Baihe 甜
Hanzhong 甜
Xi'an 甜
Baoji 甜
Yinchuan 甜
Tianshui 甜
Lanzhou 甜
Dunhuang 甜
Xining 甜
Hami 甜
Ürümqi 甜
Wuhan 甜
Yichang 甜
Xiangyang 甜
Tianmen 甜
Hong'an 甜
Chengdu 甜
Nanchong 甜
Dazhou 甜
Hanyuan 甜
Xichang 甜
Zigong 甜
Chongqing 甜
Guiyang 甜
Zunyi 甜
Bijie 甜
Liping 甜
Zhaotong 甜
Dali 甜
Kunming 甜
Mengzi 甜
Guilin 甜
Liuzhou 甜
Jishou 甜
Changde 甜
Anqing 甜
Xuzhou 甜
Fuyang 甜
Wuhu 甜
Yangzhou 甜
Lianyungang 甜
Lianshui 甜
Nanjing 甜
Hefei 甜
Nantong 甜
Cantonese Guangzhou 甜
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 甜
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 甜
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 甜
Dongguan 甜
Gan Nanchang 甜
Lichuan 甜
Pingxiang 甜
Hakka Meixian 甜
Yudu 甜
Hong Kong 甜
Huizhou Jixi 甜
Shexian 甜
Jin Taiyuan 甜
Yangyuan 甜
Datong 甜
Xinzhou 甜
Lishi 甜
Linfen 甜
Changzhi 甜
Linhe 甜
Jining 甜
Hohhot 甜
Erenhot 甜
Pingshan 甜
Zhangjiakou 甜
Handan 甜
Linzhou 甜
Suide 甜
Min Bei Jian'ou 甜
Min Dong Fuzhou 甜
Min Nan Xiamen 甜
Tainan 甜
Chaozhou 甜
Leizhou 甜
Haikou 甜
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 甜
Wu Shanghai 甜
Shanghai (Chongming) 甜
Suzhou 甜
Danyang 甜
Hangzhou 甜
Ningbo 甜
Wenzhou 甜
Jinhua 甜
Xiang Changsha 甜
Xiangxiang 甜
Loudi 甜
Shuangfeng 甜

Antonyms
  • (sweet): 苦 (kǔ)

Compounds
Derived terms from 甘

Japanese

Kanji
甘

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. sweet

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
甘
かん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 甘 (MC kɑm).

Pronunciation

Affix

甘(かん) • (kan) 

  1. delicious
  2. sweet-tasting; sweet
  3. pleasant; pleased; content

Derived terms
Derived terms

Korean

Hanja

甘 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

甘: Hán Nôm readings: cam

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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