桃
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Translingual
Han character
桃 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木中一人 (DLMO), four-corner 42913, composition ⿰木兆)
Derived characters
- 𥰜
References
- KangXi: page 525, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14757
- Dae Jaweon: page 913, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1202, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6843
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
桃 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 桃 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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 |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (兆) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 挑 | *l̥ʰaːw, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːwʔ |
| 洮 | *l̥ʰaːw, *l'aːw, *lew |
| 桃 | *l'aːw |
| 逃 | *l'aːw |
| 咷 | *l'aːw, *l̥ʰeːws |
| 鼗 | *l'aːw |
| 鞉 | *l'aːw |
| 駣 | *l'aːw, *l'aːwʔ, *l'aːws, *l'ewʔ |
| 𣂁 | *sl̥ʰew |
| 脁 | *l̥ʰews |
| 晁 | *l'ew |
| 兆 | *l'ewʔ |
| 旐 | *l'ewʔ |
| 狣 | *l'ewʔ |
| 鮡 | *l'ewʔ, *l'eːw |
| 垗 | *l'ewʔ |
| 姚 | *lew |
| 珧 | *lew |
| 銚 | *lew, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːws |
| 恌 | *lew, *l̥ʰeːw |
| 烑 | *lew |
| 餆 | *lew |
| 筄 | *lews |
| 艞 | *lews |
| 佻 | *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːw |
| 祧 | *l̥ʰeːw |
| 朓 | *l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːwʔ |
| 庣 | *l̥ʰeːw |
| 趒 | *l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw |
| 聎 | *l̥ʰeːw |
| 眺 | *l̥ʰeːws |
| 覜 | *l̥ʰeːws |
| 頫 | *l̥ʰeːws, *poʔ |
| 絩 | *l̥ʰeːws |
| 跳 | *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw |
| 窕 | *l'eːwʔ |
| 誂 | *l'eːwʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'aːw) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ).
Etymology
Possibly borrowed from the linguistic ancestor of Proto-Hmong-Mien *glaau³ᴬ (Bodman 1980, Schuessler, 2007). The oldest-known domesticated peach stones so far have been excavated in Zhejiang, east of the Central Plain cradle of Chinese civilization.
Pronunciation
Definitions
桃
- peach tree
- 桃花 ― táohuā ― peach flower
- 桃之夭夭、灼灼其華。
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Táo zhī yāoyāo, zhuózhuó qí huá.
Zhī zǐ yúguī, yí qí shìjiā. [Pinyin] - Young and tender is the peach tree; bright and radiant shall its blossoms be.
Going to her future home is this young lady; may her house and chamber well-ordered be!
之子于歸、宜其室家。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
桃之夭夭、灼灼其华。
之子于归、宜其室家。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- peach (fruit)
- peach-shaped object
- birthday
- (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) immature poultry or livestock
- Short for 核桃 (hétao, “walnut; made of walnut”).
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 桃子 (“peach”) [map]
Compounds
Derived terms from 桃
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Japanese
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 桃 |
| もも Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Mentioned in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]
Brought to Japan in antiquity, with pits found in prehistoric sites from the Yayoi period, 300 BCE - 300 CE. Mentioned as a food in documents from the Nara and Heian periods.[1]
Ultimate derivation unknown. Theories include the following.
- Possibly derived originally from a reduplication of 実 (Old Japanese mu, modern Japanese mi, “fruit”), from the way that peaches often grow in clusters. However, the vowel shift seems unlikely given regular Japanese phonetic shifts. In addition, most reduplicated terms in Japanese have the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern, starting high and falling, which differs from the 平板型 (heiban-gata) pitch accent pattern of this term.
- Possibly cognate with Old Japanese 百 (momo, “hundred; lots”). However, this also has the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern.
- Possibly a reduplication of 毛 (mo, “hair”), from the way that peaches are hairy. The term is spelled as 毛毛 in some ancient documents. However, 毛 was commonly used as man'yōgana for its phonetic value, in which cases its original Chinese meaning of hair is usually ignored.
None of the above possibilities seems very compelling. Given the archaeological evidence, this term probably originated before the Japanese ancestor population migrated to the Japanese archipelago.
Possibly related to 梅 (ancient mume, modern ume, “Japanese apricot, Japanese plum”).
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as モモ.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 桃色 (momoiro): pink
- 桃色鸚哥 (momoiro inko): “pink parakeet” → Eolophus roseicapillus: galah, rose-breasted cockatoo
- 桃色遊戯 (momoiro yūgi): “pink playing” → sex play
- 桃尻 (momojiri): “peach butt” → from the way that the end of a peach is often pointy, and thus difficult to place stably: somebody who is bad at horse-riding; a fidgety, restless person
- 桃園 (momozono): a peach orchard
- 桃割れ (momo ware): “split peach” → a hairstyle of Meiji and Taisho era, featuring a bun resembling a halved peach
- 桃の花の香り (momo no hana no kaori): the fragrance of peach blossoms
Idioms
Idioms
- 桃栗三年柿八年 (momo kuri san nen kaki hachi nen): “peach and chestnut take three years [to bear fruit], persimmons take eight” → it often takes time to bear the fruit of one's actions
Descendants
- Ainu: モマ (moma, “Japanese peach, Japanese apricot”)
References
- “桃”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Korean
Okinawan
Vietnamese
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