sala

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sala"

English

Etymology 1

From Spanish, from Germanic; compare Swedish sal. Doublet of salle and sale.

Noun

sala (plural salas)

  1. A large hall or reception room.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Thai ศาลา.

Noun

sala (plural salas)

  1. An open pavilion in Thailand used as a meeting place or to shelter from the weather.

Etymology 3

Hindi [Term?]

Noun

sala (plural salas)

  1. (India) brother-in-law; wife's brother

Anagrams


Asturian

Etymology

Of Germanic origin, from Frankish *sali.

Noun

sala f (plural sales)

  1. room
  2. hall

Bikol Central

Etymology

From either:

Pronunciation 1

  • Hyphenation: sa‧la
  • IPA(key): /saˈlaʔ/

Adjective

salâ

  1. wrong; incorrect; mistaken
    Antonym: tama
Derived terms

Pronunciation 2

  • Hyphenation: sa‧la
  • IPA(key): /ˈsalaʔ/

Noun

salà

  1. fault; error; mistake; blunder
Derived terms
  • kasalan
  • magkasala
  • magsala
  • salaon
References
  1. Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *salaq
  2. Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2013) Arabic and Persian Loanwords in Tagalog, Lulu Press, →ISBN, pages 148-149

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Of Germanic origin, from Frankish *sali.

Noun

sala f (plural sales)

  1. a large room (division of a building)
    Hypernym: cambra
  2. hall (a meeting room)
  3. living room
    Synonym: sala d'estar
Usage notes

Often refers to a type of room outside the home used for a specific purpose, (e.g. hospital room, operating room, courtroom), often with a qualifier, as in sala d'operacions.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sala

  1. third-person singular present indicative form of salar
  2. second-person singular imperative form of salar

Further reading


Cebuano

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish sala.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈs̺ala/

Noun

sala

  1. living room

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈs̺ala/

Noun

sala

  1. a tree, Lepidopetalum perrottetii

Etymology 3

From either:

Pronunciation

Noun

salâ

  1. (theology) sin

References

  1. Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *salaq
  2. Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2013) Arabic and Persian Loanwords in Tagalog, Lulu Press, →ISBN, pages 148-149

Esperanto

Etymology

From salo (salt) + -a.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈsala]
  • Audio:
    (file)
  • Rhymes: -ala
  • Hyphenation: sal‧a

Adjective

sala (accusative singular salan, plural salaj, accusative plural salajn)

  1. salty

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *sala (to hide, steal, thief). Cognate to Finnish sala (secret), Northern Sami suoládit (to keep secret, to conceal), Northern Sami suola (thief), Eastern Mari šolšta- (to steal), Tundra Nenets талей (thief), Tundra Nenets талесь (to steal), Nganasan толар- (to conceal), and Ket Selkup tuel- (secret).

Adverb

sala

  1. secretly
    Synonym: salaja

Compounds


Fijian

Etymology

From Proto-Central Pacific *sala, variant of *cala, from Proto-Oceanic *salan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

Noun

sala

  1. path (a trail for the use of, or worn by, pedestrians)
  2. path (a course taken)
  3. road (a way for travel)
  4. road (a path in life)
  5. street (paved part of road in a village or a town)

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sala, from Proto-Uralic *sala (to hide, steal, thief). Cognates include Estonian sala (secretly), Livonian salātõ (to hide something), Northern Sami suoládit (to keep secret, to conceal), Northern Sami suola (thief), Erzya саламс (salams, to steal), Eastern Mari [script needed] (šolšta-, to steal), Tundra Nenets талей (thief), Tundra Nenets талесь (to steal), Nganasan толар- (to conceal), and Ket Selkup [script needed] (tuel-, secret).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑlɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑlɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
  • Syllabification(key): sa‧la

Noun

sala

  1. (dated) secret (currently used mostly idiomatically and as modifier in compound terms)
    Synonym: salaisuus

Declension

Inflection of sala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative sala salat
genitive salan salojen
partitive salaa saloja
illative salaan saloihin
singular plural
nominative sala salat
accusative nom. sala salat
gen. salan
genitive salan salojen
salainrare
partitive salaa saloja
inessive salassa saloissa
elative salasta saloista
illative salaan saloihin
adessive salalla saloilla
ablative salalta saloilta
allative salalle saloille
essive salana saloina
translative salaksi saloiksi
instructive saloin
abessive salatta saloitta
comitative saloineen
Possessive forms of sala (type kala)
possessor singular plural
1st person salani salamme
2nd person salasi salanne
3rd person salansa

Derived terms

Compounds

Further reading

Uralic etymology, Sergei Starostin

Anagrams


French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sa.la/
  • (file)

Verb

sala

  1. third-person singular past historic of saler

Garo

Verb

sala

  1. to pull

Higaonon

Noun

sala

  1. sin
  2. crime

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse sala, from Proto-Germanic *salō.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsaːla/
  • Rhymes: -aːla

Noun

sala f (genitive singular sölu, nominative plural sölur)

  1. sale (act of selling)

Declension


Indonesian

Etymology

From Sanskrit शाल (śāla, Shorea robusta, literally “house, hall”). Doublet of salam and syala.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sala/
  • Hyphenation: sa‧la

Noun

sala (first-person possessive salaku, second-person possessive salamu, third-person possessive salanya)

  1. Eurya japonica.
    Synonym: jirak

Further reading


Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sala (secret). Cognates include Finnish sala.

Pronunciation

  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsɑlɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑɫɑ]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsɑlɑ/, [ˈʃɑɫɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
  • Hyphenation: sa‧la

Noun

sala

  1. (in compounds) secret

Declension

Declension of sala (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative sala salat
genitive salan salloin
partitive sallaa saloja
illative sallaa salloi
inessive salas salois
elative salast saloist
allative salalle saloille
adessive salal saloil
ablative salalt saloilt
translative salaks saloiks
essive salanna, sallaan saloinna, salloin
exessive1) salant saloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 501

Italian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsa.la/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ala
  • Hyphenation: sà‧la

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French salle.

Noun

sala f (plural sale)

  1. room
  2. hall

Etymology 2

Via Latin asse.

Noun

sala f (plural sale)

  1. axis
  2. sedge

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sala

  1. inflection of salare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Latvian

Etymology 1

Sala
Sala

There are different opinions on the origin of this word. Some derive it from Proto-Baltic *sel-, *sal-, from Proto-Indo-European *sel-, a variant of *ser- (to flow); in this case, the original meaning would have been “stream, river,” from which “body of water”(cf. Lithuanian sálti (to flow slowly), Ancient Greek ἕλος (hélos, swamp) (< *selos), Sanskrit सरः (sáraḥ, lake, pond), perhaps also Latin insula < *in-sal-, and several river names: Salaca, Salica > Selke in Germany, Salate), then “something inside (a body of water),” “island.” Others derive sala from *ap(i)sala, from a verb meaning “to flow” (cf. Russian о́стров (óstrov, island), from Proto-Slavic *o-strovь, so that the original meaning would be “that which is surrounded by flowing (water)”). Still others consider sala to come from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (to swell), with as original meaning “(river) silt, deposits, sediments.” Cognates include Lithuanian salà; comparable Baltic-Finnic terms (Livonian sala (island), Estonian salu (swamp island), Finnish salo (forest island; forest)) are considered as borrowings from Baltic.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [sala]

Noun

sala f (4th declension)

  1. island (relatively small amount of land surrounded by water in a river, sea, or ocean)
    okeāna, jūras, ezera salaocean, sea, lake island
    salu grupasgroups of islands
    vulkāniskā salaVolcanic island
    sanesumu saladrift island
    kontinentālā salacontinental island
    koraļļu salacoral island
    Madagaskaras salathe island of Madagascar
  2. island (higher place in a swamp or forest)
    cilvēki rakuši mantu zemē un ar lopiem un vezumiem mēģinājuši noslēpties silos un purvu salāsthe people hid their property in the land and with (their) cattle and wagons tried to hide in the pine forest and swamp islands
Declension
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

sala m

  1. genitive singular form of sals

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sala

  1. 3rd person singular past indicative form of salt
  2. 3rd person plural past indicative form of salt

References

  1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), sala”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

salà f (plural sãlos) stress pattern 4

  1. isle, island

Declension

References


    Livonian

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-Finnic *sala, from Proto-Uralic *sala. Cognate with Estonian sala, Finnish sala.

    Adjective

    sala

    1. secret

    Etymology 2

    Borrowed from a Baltic language, compare Lithuanian sala.

    Noun

    sala

    1. island

    Maltese

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Sicilian sala and/or Italian sala, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *saliz.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈsaː.la/

    Noun

    sala f (plural swali or swalijiet)

    1. hall, large room

    Northern Ndebele

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-tígada, derived from Proto-Bantu *-tíga.

    Verb

    -sála

    1. to remain

    Conjugation

    This entry needs an inflection-table template.


    Norwegian Nynorsk

    Etymology 1

    From Old Norse sǫðla, from Proto-Germanic *sadulōną.

    Alternative forms

    • sale (with e or split infinitive)

    Verb

    sala (present tense salar, past tense sala, past participle sala, passive infinitive salast, present participle salande, imperative sala/sal)

    1. (transitive) to saddle

    Etymology 2

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Alternative forms

    Noun

    sala n

    1. definite plural of sal

    Etymology 3

    Uncertain, but may be related to såla, or even sala (Etymology 1).

    Alternative forms

    • sale (with e or split infinitive)

    Verb

    sala (present tense salar, past tense sala, past participle sala, passive infinitive salast, present participle salande, imperative sala/sal)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

    Anagrams


    Nupe

    Etymology

    From Hausa sallā̀, from Arabic صَلَاة (ṣalāh).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /sá.lā/

    Noun

    sála

    1. (Islam) prayer, salat
      Kókóta jin sála, eshìgi bà àdúwa.Lice do salat, dogs do prayer
    2. (Islam) religious holiday

    Derived terms

    • Estwa Sálagi
    • Etswa Báwà Sálakó
    • Etswa Sálakó
    • jin sála (to perform salat)

    Old Norse

    Noun

    sala

    1. genitive plural of salr

    Papiamentu

    Etymology 1

    From Spanish sala and Portuguese sala and Kabuverdianu sála.

    Noun

    sala

    1. living room, sitting room
    2. lounge

    Etymology 2

    From Spanish salar and Kabuverdianu salga.

    Verb

    sala

    1. to salt (add salt)

    Polish

    Etymology

    Borrowed from French salle, from Middle French salle, from Old French sale (a large room, large reception hall), from Frankish *sal (dwelling, house, entrance hall), from Proto-Germanic *salą (dwelling, house, hall), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (human settlement, village, dwelling).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈsa.la/
    • (file)
    • Rhymes: -ala
    • Syllabification: sa‧la

    Noun

    sala f (diminutive salka)

    1. hall (e.g. lecture or assembly)
      Synonym: aula
    2. room
      Hypernym: pomieszczenie
    3. (figurative) audience, auditorium
      Synonym: widownia

    Declension

    Derived terms

    nouns
    • sala królewska
    • salowa
    • salowy

    Further reading

    • sala in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • sala in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    Portuguese

    Etymology

    From a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *salą. Doublet of .

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈsa.lɐ/

    • (Northeast Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈsa.la/
    • Rhymes: -alɐ
    • Hyphenation: sa‧la

    Noun

    sala f (plural salas)

    1. room (division in a building)
      Synonyms: aposento, câmara, (especially a bedroom) quarto
    2. (specifically) living room (room in a house for general social and leisure activities)
      Synonym: sala de estar
    3. Ellipsis of sala de aula (classroom).

    Quotations

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:sala.

    Derived terms

    Further reading


    Serbo-Croatian

    Etymology 1

    From German Saal.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /sǎːla/
    • Hyphenation: sa‧la

    Noun

    sála f (Cyrillic spelling са́ла)

    1. (colloquial) hall, auditorium
    Declension

    Etymology 2

    Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish صلا (sala), from Arabic صَلَاة (ṣalāh).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /sǎla/
    • Hyphenation: sa‧la

    Noun

    sàla f (Cyrillic spelling са̀ла)

    1. (Islam) a prayer recited by a muezzin on a minaret on the occasion of someone's death
    Declension

    Etymology 3

    From Ottoman Turkish صال (sal).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /sâla/
    • Hyphenation: sa‧la

    Noun

    sȁla f (Cyrillic spelling са̏ла)

    1. (regional, usually in the plural) stretcher (clarification of this definition is needed)
    Declension

    Etymology 4

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Noun

    sala (Cyrillic spelling сала)

    1. genitive singular of salo

    References

    • sala” in Hrvatski jezični portal
    • sala” in Hrvatski jezični portal
    • Škaljić, Abdulah (1966) Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, page 544

    Southern Ndebele

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-tígada, derived from Proto-Bantu *-tíga.

    Verb

    -sála

    1. to remain

    Conjugation

    This entry needs an inflection-table template.


    Spanish

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈsala/ [ˈsa.la]
    • Rhymes: -ala
    • Syllabification: sa‧la

    Etymology 1

    From a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, see also German Saal, Middle Low German seli, Old High German sal, from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (human settlement, village, dwelling). Cognate with French salle (room). Compare English salon. Compare Dutch zaal.

    Noun

    sala f (plural salas)

    1. room (a separate part of a building)
      sala de estarliving room
      Synonyms: cuarto, ambiente, habitación, pieza, recámara
    2. large hall
    3. ward (section of a hospital)
    4. courtroom
    Hyponyms
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • Cebuano: sala
    • Tagalog: sala

    Etymology 2

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Verb

    sala

    1. inflection of salar:
      1. third-person singular present indicative
      2. second-person singular imperative

    Further reading


    Swahili

    Pronunciation

    • (file)

    Noun

    sala (n class, plural sala)

    1. Alternative form of swala

    Swazi

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-tígada, derived from Proto-Bantu *-tíga.

    Verb

    -sála

    1. (intransitive) to stay behind, to remain

    Conjugation

    This verb needs an inflection-table template.


    Tagalog

    Etymology 1

    From either:

    Pronunciation 1

    • Hyphenation: sa‧la
    • IPA(key): /ˈsala/, [ˈsa.lɐ]
    • IPA(key): /ˈsalaʔ/, [ˈsa.lɐʔ] (colloquial)
    Noun

    sala

    1. fault; guilt; blame
      Synonym: kasalanan
    2. error; mistake
      Synonyms: mali, kamalian, pagkamali
    3. sin; offense
      Synonyms: kasalanan, pagkakasala
    4. miss; failure to hit a target
      Synonyms: mintis, pagmintis
    Derived terms
    • bigyang-sala
    • ipagkasala
    • isala
    • kasalanan
    • kawalang-sala
    • magbigay-sala
    • magkasala
    • magpawalang-sala
    • makasalanan
    • maysala
    • pagkakasala
    • pagkasalanan
    • pagpapawalang-sala
    • pagsala
    • pasumala
    • pawalang-sala
    • salahan
    • salarin
    • sumala
    • walang-sala
    Adjective

    sala

    1. wrong; mistaken
      Synonyms: mali, lisya
    2. off the mark
      Synonyms: mintis, nagmintis, lihis, lumihis
    3. unsuitable; bad for; contrary to (as of some food)

    Pronunciation 2

    • Hyphenation: sa‧la
    • IPA(key): /saˈlaʔ/, [sɐˈlaʔ]
    Adjective

    salâ

    1. wrong; mistaken
      Synonyms: mali, lisya, di-tama

    Etymology 2

    Borrowed from Spanish sala (room).

    Alternative forms

    Pronunciation

    • Hyphenation: sa‧la
    • IPA(key): /ˈsala/, [ˈsa.lɐ]

    Noun

    sala

    1. living room; reception room; parlor
    Derived terms
    • sala sa init, sala sa lamig

    Etymology 3

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

    • Hyphenation: sa‧la
    • IPA(key): /ˈsalaʔ/, [ˈsa.lɐʔ] (noun)
    • IPA(key): /saˈlaʔ/, [sɐˈlaʔ] (adjective)

    Noun

    salà

    1. filtering; straining
      Synonyms: pagsala, pagsasala
    2. irrigation dam
    Derived terms

    Adjective

    salâ

    1. filtered; sifted (of water or liquid)

    Etymology 4

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

    • Hyphenation: sa‧la
    • IPA(key): /saˈla/, [sɐˈla]

    Noun

    salá

    1. act of interweaving bamboo slats (especially for the railing of a batalan)
      Synonym: pagsasala
    2. railing made of bamboo slats; lattice; trellis
      Synonym: sala-sala
    Derived terms
    • magsala-sala
    • pagsala-salahin
    • sala-sala
    • sala-salahin

    Adjective

    salá

    1. interwoven (of bamboo slats, etc.)
      Synonyms: sala-sala, lala-lala

    Etymology 5

    Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq. Compare Javanese salah urat.

    Pronunciation

    • Hyphenation: sa‧la
    • IPA(key): /ˈsalaʔ/, [ˈsa.lɐʔ] (noun)
    • IPA(key): /saˈlaʔ/, [sɐˈlaʔ] (adjective)

    Noun

    salà

    1. physical defect (such as a broken bone, sprain, or bone dislocation)

    Adjective

    salâ

    1. broken or dislocated (of one's bones)
      Synonyms: bali, (dislocated) linsad

    References

    1. Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *salaq
    2. Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2013) Arabic and Persian Loanwords in Tagalog, Lulu Press, →ISBN, pages 148-149
    1. Fr. Juan José de Noceda; Fr. Pedro de Sanlucar (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves (in Spanish & Tagalog), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
    2. Rosalio Serrano (1854) Diccionario de terminos comunes tagalo-castellano (in Spanish and Tagalog), page 118

    Ternate

    Etymology

    From Malay salah.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [ˈsa.la]

    Noun

    sala

    1. fault, mistake

    Verb

    sala

    1. (stative) to be at fault
    2. (stative) to be wrong, incorrect

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of sala
    Singular Plural
    Inclusive Exclusive
    1st tosala fosala misala
    2nd nosala nisala
    3rd Masculine osala isala, yosala
    Feminine mosala
    Neuter isala
    - archaic

    References

    • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

    Tetum

    Etymology

    From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq, compare Malay salah.

    Noun

    sala

    1. fault, mistake

    Verb

    sala

    1. to err

    Venda

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-tígada, derived from Proto-Bantu *-tíga.

    Verb

    sala

    1. to remain

    Xhosa

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-tígada, derived from Proto-Bantu *-tíga.

    Verb

    -sála

    1. (intransitive) to stay

    Conjugation

    This verb needs an inflection-table template.


    Zulu

    Etymology

    From Proto-Bantu *-tígada, the extensive form of Proto-Bantu *-tíga.

    Verb

    -sála

    1. (intransitive) to remain, stay behind, be left over

    Conjugation

    Tone H
    Infinitive ukusala
    Positive Negative
    Infinitive ukusala ukungasali
    Imperative
    Simple + object concord
    Singular sala -sale
    Plural salani -saleni
    Present
    Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
    1st singular ngiyasala, ngisala engisalayo, engisala ngisala angisali engingasali ngingasali
    2nd singular uyasala, usala osalayo, osala usala awusali ongasali ungasali
    1st plural siyasala, sisala esisalayo, esisala sisala asisali esingasali singasali
    2nd plural niyasala, nisala enisalayo, enisala nisala anisali eningasali ningasali
    Class 1 uyasala, usala osalayo, osala esala akasali ongasali engasali
    Class 2 bayasala, basala abasalayo, abasala besala abasali abangasali bengasali
    Class 3 uyasala, usala osalayo, osala usala awusali ongasali ungasali
    Class 4 iyasala, isala esalayo, esala isala ayisali engasali ingasali
    Class 5 liyasala, lisala elisalayo, elisala lisala alisali elingasali lingasali
    Class 6 ayasala, asala asalayo, asala esala awasali angasali engasali
    Class 7 siyasala, sisala esisalayo, esisala sisala asisali esingasali singasali
    Class 8 ziyasala, zisala ezisalayo, ezisala zisala azisali ezingasali zingasali
    Class 9 iyasala, isala esalayo, esala isala ayisali engasali ingasali
    Class 10 ziyasala, zisala ezisalayo, ezisala zisala azisali ezingasali zingasali
    Class 11 luyasala, lusala olusalayo, olusala lusala alusali olungasali lungasali
    Class 14 buyasala, busala obusalayo, obusala busala abusali obungasali bungasali
    Class 15 kuyasala, kusala okusalayo, okusala kusala akusali okungasali kungasali
    Class 17 kuyasala, kusala okusalayo, okusala kusala akusali okungasali kungasali
    Recent past
    Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
    1st singular ngisalile, ngisalē engisalile, engisalē ngisalile, ngisalē angisalanga engingasalanga ngingasalanga
    2nd singular usalile, usalē osalile, osalē usalile, usalē awusalanga ongasalanga ungasalanga
    1st plural sisalile, sisalē esisalile, esisalē sisalile, sisalē asisalanga esingasalanga singasalanga
    2nd plural nisalile, nisalē enisalile, enisalē nisalile, nisalē anisalanga eningasalanga ningasalanga
    Class 1 usalile, usalē osalile, osalē esalile, esalē akasalanga ongasalanga engasalanga
    Class 2 basalile, basalē abasalile, abasalē besalile, besalē abasalanga abangasalanga bengasalanga
    Class 3 usalile, usalē osalile, osalē usalile, usalē awusalanga ongasalanga ungasalanga
    Class 4 isalile, isalē esalile, esalē isalile, isalē ayisalanga engasalanga ingasalanga
    Class 5 lisalile, lisalē elisalile, elisalē lisalile, lisalē alisalanga elingasalanga lingasalanga
    Class 6 asalile, asalē asalile, asalē esalile, esalē awasalanga angasalanga engasalanga
    Class 7 sisalile, sisalē esisalile, esisalē sisalile, sisalē asisalanga esingasalanga singasalanga
    Class 8 zisalile, zisalē ezisalile, ezisalē zisalile, zisalē azisalanga ezingasalanga zingasalanga
    Class 9 isalile, isalē esalile, esalē isalile, isalē ayisalanga engasalanga ingasalanga
    Class 10 zisalile, zisalē ezisalile, ezisalē zisalile, zisalē azisalanga ezingasalanga zingasalanga
    Class 11 lusalile, lusalē olusalile, olusalē lusalile, lusalē alusalanga olungasalanga lungasalanga
    Class 14 busalile, busalē obusalile, obusalē busalile, busalē abusalanga obungasalanga bungasalanga
    Class 15 kusalile, kusalē okusalile, okusalē kusalile, kusalē akusalanga okungasalanga kungasalanga
    Class 17 kusalile, kusalē okusalile, okusalē kusalile, kusalē akusalanga okungasalanga kungasalanga
    Remote past
    Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
    1st singular ngāsala engāsala ngāsala angisalanga engingasalanga ngingasalanga
    2nd singular wāsala owāsala wāsala awusalanga ongasalanga ungasalanga
    1st plural sāsala esāsala sāsala asisalanga esingasalanga singasalanga
    2nd plural nāsala enāsala nāsala anisalanga eningasalanga ningasalanga
    Class 1 wāsala owāsala āsala akasalanga ongasalanga engasalanga
    Class 2 bāsala abāsala bāsala abasalanga abangasalanga bengasalanga
    Class 3 wāsala owāsala wāsala awusalanga ongasalanga ungasalanga
    Class 4 yāsala eyāsala yāsala ayisalanga engasalanga ingasalanga
    Class 5 lāsala elāsala lāsala alisalanga elingasalanga lingasalanga
    Class 6 āsala āsala āsala awasalanga angasalanga engasalanga
    Class 7 sāsala esāsala sāsala asisalanga esingasalanga singasalanga
    Class 8 zāsala ezāsala zāsala azisalanga ezingasalanga zingasalanga
    Class 9 yāsala eyāsala yāsala ayisalanga engasalanga ingasalanga
    Class 10 zāsala ezāsala zāsala azisalanga ezingasalanga zingasalanga
    Class 11 lwāsala olwāsala lwāsala alusalanga olungasalanga lungasalanga
    Class 14 bāsala obāsala bāsala abusalanga obungasalanga bungasalanga
    Class 15 kwāsala okwāsala kwāsala akusalanga okungasalanga kungasalanga
    Class 17 kwāsala okwāsala kwāsala akusalanga okungasalanga kungasalanga
    Potential
    Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
    1st singular ngingasala ngingasala ngingesale ngingesale
    2nd singular ungasala ungasala ungesale ungesale
    1st plural singasala singasala singesale singesale
    2nd plural ningasala ningasala ningesale ningesale
    Class 1 angasala engasala angesale engesale
    Class 2 bangasala bengasala bangesale bengesale
    Class 3 ungasala ungasala ungesale ungesale
    Class 4 ingasala ingasala ingesale ingesale
    Class 5 lingasala lingasala lingesale lingesale
    Class 6 angasala engasala angesale engesale
    Class 7 singasala singasala singesale singesale
    Class 8 zingasala zingasala zingesale zingesale
    Class 9 ingasala ingasala ingesale ingesale
    Class 10 zingasala zingasala zingesale zingesale
    Class 11 lungasala lungasala lungesale lungesale
    Class 14 bungasala bungasala bungesale bungesale
    Class 15 kungasala kungasala kungesale kungesale
    Class 17 kungasala kungasala kungesale kungesale
    Immediate future
    Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
    1st singular ngizosala engizosala ngizosala angizusala engingezusala ngingezusala
    2nd singular uzosala ozosala uzosala awuzusala ongezusala ungezusala
    1st plural sizosala esizosala sizosala asizusala esingezusala singezusala
    2nd plural nizosala enizosala nizosala anizusala eningezusala ningezusala
    Class 1 uzosala ozosala ezosala akazusala ongezusala engezusala
    Class 2 bazosala abazosala bezosala abazusala abangezusala bengezusala
    Class 3 uzosala ozosala uzosala awuzusala ongezusala ungezusala
    Class 4 izosala ezosala izosala ayizusala engezusala ingezusala
    Class 5 lizosala elizosala lizosala alizusala elingezusala lingezusala
    Class 6 azosala azosala ezosala awazusala angezusala engezusala
    Class 7 sizosala esizosala sizosala asizusala esingezusala singezusala
    Class 8 zizosala ezizosala zizosala azizusala ezingezusala zingezusala
    Class 9 izosala ezosala izosala ayizusala engezusala ingezusala
    Class 10 zizosala ezizosala zizosala azizusala ezingezusala zingezusala
    Class 11 luzosala oluzosala luzosala aluzusala olungezusala lungezusala
    Class 14 buzosala obuzosala buzosala abuzusala obungezusala bungezusala
    Class 15 kuzosala okuzosala kuzosala akuzusala okungezusala kungezusala
    Class 17 kuzosala okuzosala kuzosala akuzusala okungezusala kungezusala
    Remote future
    Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
    1st singular ngiyosala engiyosala ngiyosala angiyusala engingeyusala ngingeyusala
    2nd singular uyosala oyosala uyosala awuyusala ongeyusala ungeyusala
    1st plural siyosala esiyosala siyosala asiyusala esingeyusala singeyusala
    2nd plural niyosala eniyosala niyosala aniyusala eningeyusala ningeyusala
    Class 1 uyosala oyosala eyosala akayusala ongeyusala engeyusala
    Class 2 bayosala abayosala beyosala abayusala abangeyusala bengeyusala
    Class 3 uyosala oyosala uyosala awuyusala ongeyusala ungeyusala
    Class 4 iyosala eyosala iyosala ayiyusala engeyusala ingeyusala
    Class 5 liyosala eliyosala liyosala aliyusala elingeyusala lingeyusala
    Class 6 ayosala ayosala eyosala awayusala angeyusala engeyusala
    Class 7 siyosala esiyosala siyosala asiyusala esingeyusala singeyusala
    Class 8 ziyosala eziyosala ziyosala aziyusala ezingeyusala zingeyusala
    Class 9 iyosala eyosala iyosala ayiyusala engeyusala ingeyusala
    Class 10 ziyosala eziyosala ziyosala aziyusala ezingeyusala zingeyusala
    Class 11 luyosala oluyosala luyosala aluyusala olungeyusala lungeyusala
    Class 14 buyosala obuyosala buyosala abuyusala obungeyusala bungeyusala
    Class 15 kuyosala okuyosala kuyosala akuyusala okungeyusala kungeyusala
    Class 17 kuyosala okuyosala kuyosala akuyusala okungeyusala kungeyusala
    Present subjunctive
    Positive Negative
    1st singular ngisale ngingasali
    2nd singular usale ungasali
    1st plural sisale singasali
    2nd plural nisale ningasali
    Class 1 asale angasali
    Class 2 basale bangasali
    Class 3 usale ungasali
    Class 4 isale ingasali
    Class 5 lisale lingasali
    Class 6 asale angasali
    Class 7 sisale singasali
    Class 8 zisale zingasali
    Class 9 isale ingasali
    Class 10 zisale zingasali
    Class 11 lusale lungasali
    Class 14 busale bungasali
    Class 15 kusale kungasali
    Class 17 kusale kungasali
    Past subjunctive
    Positive Negative
    1st singular ngasala ngangasala, angasala, angangasala
    2nd singular wasala wangasala, awasala, awangasala
    1st plural sasala sangasala, asasala, asangasala
    2nd plural nasala nangasala, anasala, anangasala
    Class 1 wasala wangasala, akasala, akangasala
    Class 2 basala bangasala, abasala, abangasala
    Class 3 wasala wangasala, awasala, awangasala
    Class 4 yasala yangasala, ayasala, ayangasala
    Class 5 lasala langasala, alasala, alangasala
    Class 6 asala angasala, awasala, awangasala
    Class 7 sasala sangasala, asasala, asangasala
    Class 8 zasala zangasala, azasala, azangasala
    Class 9 yasala yangasala, ayasala, ayangasala
    Class 10 zasala zangasala, azasala, azangasala
    Class 11 lwasala lwangasala, alwasala, alwangasala
    Class 14 basala bangasala, abasala, abangasala
    Class 15 kwasala kwangasala, akwasala, akwangasala
    Class 17 kwasala kwangasala, akwasala, akwangasala

    References

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