pardon
English
Etymology
From Middle English pardonen, from Old French pardoner (modern French pardonner), from Late Latin perdonare, from per- + donare, possibly a calque (if not vice-versa) of a Germanic word represented by Frankish *firgeban (“to forgive, give up completely”), from *fir- + *geban. Akin to Old High German fargeban, firgeban (“to forgive”), Old English forġiefan (“to forgive”). More at forgive.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɑːdn̩/
- (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈpɑɹd(ə)n/, [ˈpʰɑ˞dn̩]
Audio (GA) (file) - (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈpaːdɘn/, [ˈpʰäːɾɘn]
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)dən
- Hyphenation: par‧don
Noun
pardon (countable and uncountable, plural pardons)
- Forgiveness for an offence.
- 1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], OCLC 13631815:
- […] a step, that could not be taken with the least hope of ever obtaining pardon from or reconciliation with any of my friends; […]
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- (law) An order that releases a convicted criminal without further punishment, prevents future punishment, or (in some jurisdictions) removes an offence from a person's criminal record, as if it had never been committed.
- 1974: President Gerald Ford, Proclamation 4311
- I […] have granted and by these presents do grant a full, free, and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States […]
- 2001, Olson, Barbara, “The Final Frenzy: Finishing Touches on the Legend”, in The Final Days: The Last, Desperate Abuses of Power by the Clinton White House (Politics/Current Affairs), Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, →ISBN, LCCN 2001048327, OCLC 658234525, page 7:
- But the president's most irreversible, almost God-like power is the authority granted to him under Article II, Section 2, of the United States Constitution, "to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses Against the United States. . . ."
The power is absolute-even a serial killer could be pardoned-and utterly unreviewable. It cannot be rescinded by the next president. The president may grant a pardon before a trial, after a trial, or without a trial. Once granted, a pardon can never be taken away.
- 1974: President Gerald Ford, Proclamation 4311
Derived terms
Translations
forgiveness for an offence
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releasing order
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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Verb
pardon (third-person singular simple present pardons, present participle pardoning, simple past and past participle pardoned)
- (transitive) To forgive (a person).
- 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, / That I am meek and gentle with these butchers!
- 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], Emma: […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II or III), London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, OCLC 1708336:
- I hope you will not find he has outstepped the truth more than may be pardoned, in consideration of the motive.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:
- In the old days, to my commonplace and unobserving mind, he gave no evidences of genius whatsoever. He never read me any of his manuscripts, […], and therefore my lack of detection of his promise may in some degree be pardoned.
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- (transitive) To refrain from exacting as a penalty.
- c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene i]:
- I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.
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- (transitive, law) To grant an official pardon for a crime.
- 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, “chapter I”, in The House Behind the Cedars:
- The murderer, he recalled, had been tried and sentenced to imprisonment for life, but was pardoned by a merciful governor after serving a year of his sentence.
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Derived terms
Translations
to forgive
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to grant an official pardon
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Interjection
pardon?
- Often used when someone does not understand what another person says.
Synonyms
- See also Thesaurus:say again
Translations
interjection, request to repeat
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Czech
Alternative forms
- pardón
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɑrˈdɔn/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: par‧don
- Rhymes: -ɔn
French
Etymology
Deverbal from pardonner.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /paʁ.dɔ̃/
audio (France) (file) audio (Quebec) (file)
Descendants
Derived terms
Descendants
Further reading
- “pardon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpɒrdon]
- Hyphenation: par‧don
- Rhymes: -on
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | pardon | pardonok |
| accusative | pardont | pardonokat |
| dative | pardonnak | pardonoknak |
| instrumental | pardonnal | pardonokkal |
| causal-final | pardonért | pardonokért |
| translative | pardonná | pardonokká |
| terminative | pardonig | pardonokig |
| essive-formal | pardonként | pardonokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | pardonban | pardonokban |
| superessive | pardonon | pardonokon |
| adessive | pardonnál | pardonoknál |
| illative | pardonba | pardonokba |
| sublative | pardonra | pardonokra |
| allative | pardonhoz | pardonokhoz |
| elative | pardonból | pardonokból |
| delative | pardonról | pardonokról |
| ablative | pardontól | pardonoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
pardoné | pardonoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
pardonéi | pardonokéi |
| Possessive forms of pardon | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | pardonom | pardonjaim |
| 2nd person sing. | pardonod | pardonjaid |
| 3rd person sing. | pardonja | pardonjai |
| 1st person plural | pardonunk | pardonjaink |
| 2nd person plural | pardonotok | pardonjaitok |
| 3rd person plural | pardonjuk | pardonjaik |
Derived terms
Expressions
- nem ismer pardont
References
- pardon in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / ELKH Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary).
Further reading
- pardon in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpar.dɔn/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ardɔn
- Syllabification: par‧don
Declension
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /parˈdon/
Swedish
Synonyms
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish پاردون (pardon), from French pardon.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɑɾ.don/
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