n-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "n"

Translingual

Prefix

n-

  1. (SI prefix) Abbreviation of nano-.

English

Etymology

Abbreviation of normal.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɛn/

Prefix

n-

  1. (organic chemistry) normal-form of a functional group (or molecule), being the long-chain form (unbranched chain)

Coordinate terms
  • s- (secondary form)
  • t- (tertiary form)

Derived terms
English terms prefixed with n-
  • n-butyl-

Translations
Translations

See also

Abenaki

Alternative forms

Etymology

Related to nia (“I, me”).

Prefix

n-

  1. (prefixed to nouns, used before consonants) my
  2. (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I
  3. (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I (exclusive we)

Coordinate terms
  • nd- (used before vowels)

Albanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Alternative form of m-, attested earlier as ën- (Buzuku).

Prefix

n-

  1. do-, on-, upon-

Derived terms
Albanian terms prefixed with n-

Aromanian

Prefix

n-

  1. Alternative form of ãn-

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne.

Prefix

n-

  1. Used to negate the pronoun or adverb which follows it, yielding the same part of speech

Derived terms
Dutch terms prefixed with n-

Egyptian

Prefix
  1. Alternative form of m- (noun-forming prefix) before labial consonants

Emilian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /n/

Pronoun

n- (adverbial)

  1. (before a vowel) Alternative form of in
    A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).

French

Etymology

Abbreviation of normale.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɛn/

Prefix

n-

  1. (organic chemistry) n-; (normal-form)

Derived terms
French terms prefixed with n-

Kamba

Alternative forms

Prefix

n-

  1. I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

Maltese

Etymology 1

From Arabic نَ‎ (na, first-person plural imperfect prefix). The use also for the first-person singular is found in Maghrebi Arabic dialects.

Alternative forms

Prefix

n-

  1. First-person prefix in the imperfect conjugation
    ‎n- + ‎kiteb (“he wrote”) → ‎nikteb (“I write”)

Article

n-

  1. Alternative form of il-
Usage notes
  • Used after a vowel and before the letter n. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

Maquiritari

Etymology 1

Cognate to prefixes analyzed as object nominalizers, switching nominalized forms from nouns of action to nouns referring to the patient argument. The Ye'kwana form has a rather different scope of use.

Pronunciation

Prefix

n-

  1. Marks that (person markers on) a derivation from a transitive verb refer to the agent argument of the verb rather than the patient argument; used with verbs adverbialized with -e or nominalized with -dü or -'jüdü.
Usage notes

This prefix comes between the person marker and the verb stem.

Alternative forms
  • (allomorph before a consonant) ni-

Pronunciation

Prefix

n-

  1. Marks a nonderived transitive verb as having a third-person agent/subject and patient/object.
  2. Marks a nonderived intransitive verb with agent-like or patient-like argument as having a third-person argument/subject.
Usage notes

The form n- is used with stems that start with a vowel; ni- is used with those that start with a consonant, in which case the initial consonant is also palatalized.

This person marker is used with all types of verbs when marked with originally nonderived tense/aspect/mood markers, excepting only the admonitive -'no and prohibitive -i negative command suffixes and the uncertain future marker -tai, which require the transcategorical third person marker y-, and the distant past markers, which require the distance-specific person morpheme kün-.

Though in all other circumstances Maquiritari third-person prefixes also cover the first person dual exclusive, this prefix is not used when the patient of a transitive verb is first-person-dual-exclusive.

Inflection
Maquiritari personal markers (Ye’kwana dialect)
pronoun noun possessor/
series II verb argument		 postposition object series I verb argument
transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent
first person ewü y-, ∅-, ü-, u- w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-
second person amödö ö-, öy-, o-, oy-, a-, ay- m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive nña y-, ch-, ∅-, i- chö- ∅- n-, ni-
third person tüwü n-, ni-
distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- —
reciprocal — — öö-
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person see person X in the chart above

References
  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “n-”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 152, 182–184, 190–191, 200, 202–203

Ojibwe

Prefix

n-

  1. Alternative form of ni-

Usage notes

n- appears before stems that begin with the vowels oo and ii.

See also
Ojibwe personal prefixes
stem begins with... 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Consonants p t k h ch m n s sh w y ni- gi- o-
d g ' j z zh nin-
b nim-
Vowels o nindo- gido- odo-
a aa e i nind- gid- od-
oo n- g-
ii w-

Old Irish

Prefix

n- (class A infixed pronoun)

  1. us

Derived terms
Old Irish terms prefixed with n-

See also
Old Irish affixed pronouns

See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.

Person Infixed Suffixed
Class A Class B Class C
1 sing. m-L dom-L, dam-L -um
2 sing. t-L dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L -ut
3 sing. m. a-N, e-N d-N id-N, did-N, d-N -i, -it
3 sing. f. s-(N) da- -us
3 sing. n. a-L, e-L d-L id-L, did-L, d-L -i, -it
1 pl. n- don-, dun-, dan- -unn
2 pl. b- dob-, dub-, dab- -uib
3 pl. s-(N) da- -us
L means this form triggers lenition.
N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis)
(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.

Prefix

n- (class B & C infixed pronoun)

  1. Alternative form of d-

Swahili

Alternative forms
  • (before a vowel) ny-

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *n-.

Prefix

n- (plural n-)

  1. The prefix for noun class 9 denoting animals and miscellaneous nouns.
    1. Used as a class for foreign borrowings that cannot fit other classes morphologically.
  2. The prefix for noun class 10 denoting the plurals of noun class 9 and noun class 11.

Usage notes

Except for nouns where the stem is of one syllable, n can only be followed by g, d, j, y, and z in Swahili. As a result of this, when the stem starts with a vowel, n- changes to ny-, when it starts with a b or v it changes to a m, and *nw, *nl, and *nr becomes mb, nd, and nd respectively. In front of any stems where these rules cannot be applied, it disappears.

See also
  • Appendix:Swahili noun classes

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *n-.

Prefix

n-

  1. Class 9 simple noun prefix.

Usage notes

The variant form m- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

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