w-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "w"

Maquiritari

Alternative forms
  • (allomorph before a consonant) ∅-

Pronunciation

Prefix

w-

  1. Obligatorily marks derivations of intransitive verbs adverbialized with -e or nominalized with any marker.
Usage notes

This prefix is unrealized (disappears) when the stem it is attached to begins with a consonant. When it is used in the third person, the third-person marker y- itself is unrealized, but it palatalizes this suffix w- to y- and lengthens the vowel after it if possible, so that w- appears to disappear (as it becomes indistinguishable from the pre-vocalic form of the third-person marker y- that palatalized it).

This prefix comes between the person marker and the verb stem.

Alternative forms
  • (allomorph before a consonant) wi-

Pronunciation

Prefix

w-

  1. Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person agent/subject when the patient/object is of third person.
  2. Marks an intransitive verb with agent-like argument or (with certain vowel-initial verbs) patient-like argument as having a first-person argument/subject with verb forms that take series I markers.
Usage notes

The form w- is used with stems that start with a vowel; wi- is used with those that start with a consonant, in which case the initial consonant is also palatalized. In practice, since all intransitive verbs to which this prefix can attach start with a vowel, wi- only appears on certain transitive verbs.

Inflection
Maquiritari personal markers (Ye’kwana dialect)
pronoun noun possessor/
series II verb argument		 postposition object series I verb argument
transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent
first person ewü y-, ∅-, ü-, u- w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-
second person amödö ö-, öy-, o-, oy-, a-, ay- m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive nña y-, ch-, ∅-, i- chö- ∅- n-, ni-
third person tüwü n-, ni-
distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- —
reciprocal — — öö-
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person see person X in the chart above

References
  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “w-”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 152, 179–180, 200–202

Ojibwe

Prefix

w-

  1. Alternative form of o-

Usage notes

w- appears before stems that begin with ii.

See also
Ojibwe personal prefixes
stem begins with... 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Consonants p t k h ch m n s sh w y ni- gi- o-
d g ' j z zh nin-
b nim-
Vowels o nindo- gido- odo-
a aa e i nind- gid- od-
oo n- g-
ii w-

Polish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /f/
  • Audio(file)
  • Syllabification: w
  • Homophone: w

Prefix

w-

  1. Indicates motion inside or inward
    ‎w- + ‎rzucić → ‎wrzucić
    Antonym: wy-
  2. Indicates motion upward
    ‎w- + ‎stać → ‎wstać
    Synonyms: pod-, wz-

Derived terms
Polish terms prefixed with w-

Further reading
  • w- in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • w- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Swahili

Prefix

w-

  1. Alternative form of u-
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