gul
English
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *gula, from Proto-Indo-European *golH-o-; cognate with English callow, Serbo-Croatian gol, Latvian gāle (“sheet of ice, black ice”).[1]. Possibly related to ngul.
Derived terms
- guli
- gulixhë
References
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “gul”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 126
Aleut
Pronunciation
- (Western) IPA(key): /ˈɣul/
Bouyei
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ku˨˦/
Bura
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɡúl]
Cornish
Conjugation
Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | |||||
Pres-fut | Imperfect | Preterite | Conditional | Pres-fut | Imperfect | ||
1s | gwrav vy | gwren vy | gwrug(av) vy | gwrussen vy | gwrylliv vy | gwrellen vy | - |
2s | gwredh jy, gwre'ta | gwres jy | gwrugys jy, gwruss'ta | gwrusses jy | gwrylli jy | gwrelles jy | gwra |
3s | gwra ev | gwre ev | gwrug ev | gwrussa ev | gwrello ev | gwrella ev | gwres |
1p | gwren ni | gwren ni | gwrussyn ni | gwrussen ni | gwryllyn ni | gwrellen ni | gwren |
2p | gwrewgh hwi | gwrewgh hwi | gwrussowgh hwi | gwrussewgh hwi | gwryllowgh hwi | gwrellewgh hwi | gwrewgh |
3p | gwrons i | gwrens i | gwrussons i | gwrussens i | gwrellons i | gwrellens i | gwrens |
0 | gwrer | gwres | gwrug | gwrussys | gwreller | gwrellys | - |
Present participle: ow kul Verbal adjective: gwrys |
Mutation
Cornish consonant mutation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
unmutated | soft | aspirate | hard | mixed | mixed after 'th |
gul | wul | unchanged | kul | hwul | wul |
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡuːˀl/, [ɡ̊uˀl], [kuˀl]
Inflection
Inflection of gul | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Common singular | gul | — | —2 |
Neuter singular | gult | — | —2 |
Plural | gule | — | —2 |
Definite attributive1 | gule | — | — |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɣʏl/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: gul
- Rhymes: -ʏl
Etymology 1
Uncertain. Probably cognate with West Frisian gol (“kind of heart”), Middle English gulle (“friendly”).
Adjective
gul (comparative guller, superlative gulst)
Inflection
Inflection of gul | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | gul | |||
inflected | gulle | |||
comparative | guller | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | gul | guller | het gulst het gulste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | gulle | gullere | gulste |
n. sing. | gul | guller | gulste | |
plural | gulle | gullere | gulste | |
definite | gulle | gullere | gulste | |
partitive | guls | gullers | — |
Synonyms
- (generous): genereus, goedgeefs, munificent, vrijgevig, royaal
Derived terms
- gulaardig
- gulhartig
- gulheid
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Middle Dutch *gul(le) (attested only in the diminutive gullekijn). Uncertain, but plausibly related to geel (“yellow”).
Faroese
Indonesian

Etymology
From Persian گل (gol), from late Middle Persian gwl (gul, “rose, flower”), from Old Persian *vr̥da-), from Proto-Iranian *wṛda-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɡʊl]
- Hyphenation: gul
Noun
gul (first-person possessive gulku, second-person possessive gulmu, third-person possessive gulnya)
Further reading
- “gul” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Mangas
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡùl/
References
- Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.
North Frisian
Chemical element | |
---|---|
Au | Next: kwaksalwer (Hg) |
Etymology
From Old Frisian gold (“gold”), from Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”).
Northern Kurdish
Derived terms
- gulan
- gulav
- gulberoj
- gulbihar
- gulbijêr
- gulbijêrk
- gulçin
- gulçinî
- gulçîn
- gulçînî
- gulçînîtî
- guldank
- guldeste
- guleberbiro
- gulebûk
- gulfîdan
- gulgîn
- gulgulî
- gulhingivîn
- gulî
- gulî
- gulî
- gulik
- gulik
- gulistan
- gulistanî
- gulî
- gulkelem
- gulkelemî
- gulnas
- gulnasî
- gulnesrîn
- gulperî
- gulşen
- gulşen
- gulyar
- gulyarî
- gulzan
- gulzanî
Norwegian Bokmål
Adjective
gul (masculine and feminine gul, neuter gult, definite singular and plural gule, comparative gulere, indefinite superlative gulest, definite superlative guleste)
Derived terms
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʉːl/
Adjective
gul (neuter gult, definite singular and plural gule, comparative gulare, indefinite superlative gulast, definite superlative gulaste)
Derived terms
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡul/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ul
- Syllabification: gul
Etymology 1
Onomatopoeic.
Declension
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Sumerian
Swedish
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Etymology
From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʉːl/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -ʉːl
Declension
Inflection of gul | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | gul | gulare | gulast |
Neuter singular | gult | gulare | gulast |
Plural | gula | gulare | gulast |
Masculine plural3 | gule | gulare | gulast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | gule | gulare | gulaste |
All | gula | gulare | gulaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
Turkmen
Declension
Uzbek
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | gul | gullar |
genitive | gulning | gullarning |
dative | gulga | gullarga |
definite accusative | gulni | gullarni |
locative | gulda | gullarda |
ablative | guldan | gullardan |
my | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | gulim | gullarim |
genitive | gulimning | gullarimning |
dative | gulimga | gullarimga |
definite accusative | gulimni | gullarimni |
locative | gulimda | gullarimda |
ablative | gulimdan | gullarimdan |
your | singular | plural |
nominative | guling | gullaring |
genitive | gulingning | gullaringning |
dative | gulingga | gullaringga |
definite accusative | gulingni | gullaringni |
locative | gulingda | gullaringda |
ablative | gulingdan | gullaringdan |
her/his/its | singular | plural |
nominative | guli | gullari |
genitive | gulining | gullarining |
dative | guliga | gullariga |
definite accusative | gulini | gullarini |
locative | gulida | gullarida |
ablative | gulidan | gullaridan |
our | singular | plural |
nominative | gulimiz | gullarimiz |
genitive | gulimizning | gullarimizning |
dative | gulimizga | gullarimizga |
definite accusative | gulimizni | gullarimizni |
locative | gulimizda | gullarimizda |
ablative | gulimizdan | gullarimizdan |
your | singular | plural |
nominative | gulingiz | gullaringiz |
genitive | gulingizning | gullaringizning |
dative | gulingizga | gullaringizga |
definite accusative | gulingizni | gullaringizni |
locative | gulingizda | gullaringizda |
ablative | gulingizdan | gullaringizdan |
their | singular | plural |
nominative | guli | gullari |
genitive | gulining | gullarining |
dative | guliga | gullariga |
definite accusative | gulini | gullarini |
locative | gulida | gullarida |
ablative | gulidan | gullaridan |
Volapük
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡul/
Welsh
Zou
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Etymology
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ruul, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ruːl. Cognates include Khimi Chin mägui and Tibetan སྦྲུལ (sbrul).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡul˧/
References
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40