esperar
Asturian
Etymology
From Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Conjugation
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Pronunciation
Conjugation
| infinitive | esperar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | esperant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | esperat | esperada | |||||
| plural | esperats | esperades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | espero | esperes | espera | esperem | espereu | esperen | |
| imperfect | esperava | esperaves | esperava | esperàvem | esperàveu | esperaven | |
| future | esperaré | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperareu | esperaran | |
| preterite | esperí | esperares | esperà | esperàrem | esperàreu | esperaren | |
| conditional | esperaria | esperaries | esperaria | esperaríem | esperaríeu | esperarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | esperi | esperis | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | |
| imperfect | esperés | esperessis | esperés | esperéssim | esperéssiu | esperessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| — | espera | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | ||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “esperar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “esperar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese esperar, asperar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa María), from Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [espeˈɾaɾ]
Verb
esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)
Conjugation
Further reading
- “esperar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
References
- “esperar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “esper” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “esperar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “esperar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “esperar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from Esperanto esperi, French espérer, Italian sperare, Spanish esperar, all from Latin spērō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /espeˈrar/
Verb
esperar (present tense esperas, past tense esperis, future tense esperos, imperative esperez, conditional esperus)
- to hope
Conjugation
![]() |
present | past | future | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | esperir | esperor | ||||
| tense | esperas | esperis | esperos | ||||
| conditional | esperus | ||||||
| imperative | esperez | ||||||
| adjective active participle | esperanta | esperinta | esperonta | ||||
| adverbial active participle | esperante | esperinte | esperonte | ||||
| nominal active participle | singular | esperanto | esperinto | esperonto | |||
| plural | esperanti | esperinti | esperonti | ||||
| adjective passive participle | esperata | esperita | esperota | ||||
| adverbial passive participle | esperate | esperite | esperote | ||||
| nominal passive participle | singular | esperato | esperito | esperoto | |||
| plural | esperati | esperiti | esperoti | ||||
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan, from Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Pronunciation
Audio (Béarn) (file)
Conjugation
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
| gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esperat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
| imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
| preterite | esperèri | esperères | esperèt | esperèrem | esperèretz | esperèron | |
| future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
| conditional | esperariái | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
| imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
| gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esperat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperon | |
| imperfect | esperave | esperaves | esperava | esperaviam | esperaviatz | esperavon | |
| preterite | esperere | espereres | esperet | esperem | esperetz | espereron | |
| future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
| conditional | esperariá | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espere | esperassiam | esperassiatz | esperon | |
| imperfect | esperesse | esperesses | esperesse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperesson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espera | esperassiam | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
| gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esperat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
| imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
| preterite | esperèi | esperès | esperè | esperèm | esperètz | esperèn | |
| future | esperarèi | esperaràs | esperarà | esperaram | esperaratz | esperaràn | |
| conditional | esperarí | esperarés | esperaré | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | esperi | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
| imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
| gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esperat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | espere | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
| imperfect | esperava | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
| preterite | esperei | espereras | esperet | esperèram | esperèratz | espereran | |
| future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
| conditional | esperariá | esperariàs | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
| imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
| gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esperat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
| imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
| preterite | esperère | esperères | esperèt | espereriam | espereriatz | esperèron | |
| future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
| conditional | esperariáu | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperan | |
| imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese esperar, asperar, from Latin spērāre (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /is.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [is.peˈɾa(h)], /es.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [es.peˈɾa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /is.peˈɾa(ɾ)/, /es.peˈɾa(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /iʃ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [iʃ.peˈɾa(χ)], /eʃ.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [eʃ.peˈɾa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /es.peˈɾa(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /(i)ʃ.pɨˈɾaɾ/
Verb
esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)
- to wait
- (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to wait (for); to await
- Eu espero por sua resposta. ― I await your response.
- Fiquei esperando no carro. ― I waited in the car.
- Synonym: aguardar
- (transitive, auxiliary with a verb in the personal infinitive as the second object) to wait for (not to do anything until)
- Espere o João chegar. ― Wait for John to arrive.
- Synonym: aguardar
- (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to wait (for); to await
- to hope
- (transitive with por) to hope for (to really want something)
- Eles esperam pelo fim da guerra. ― They hope for the end of the war.
- (ditransitive, with the indirect object taking que and a verb in the present subjunctive) to hope (that) someone does something
- Eu espero que gostes do presente. ― I hope you like the gift.
- (auxiliary with a verb in the personal or impersonal infinitive) to hope something can be done
- Esperávamos comer alguma coisa hoje. ― We were hoping to eat something today.
- (transitive with por) to hope for (to really want something)
- (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to expect; to anticipate (to know or think that something will happen)
- É melhor do que eu esperava. ― It is better than I expected.
- Eu já esperava por isso mesmo. ― I was expecting this anyway.
- Synonym: aguardar
Conjugation
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Further reading
- “esperar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).
Distant cognate with English speed (both terms having the same Proto-Indo-European root but speed descending via Proto-Germanic).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /espeˈɾaɾ/ [es.peˈɾaɾ]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: es‧pe‧rar
Verb
esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperé, past participle esperado)
- (transitive) to hope for, hope to (often with a verb in the subjunctive)
- Espera que no sea necesario.
- He hopes it won't be necessary.
- (transitive) to expect, look for (often with a verb in the indicative)
- Espera que no sea fácil.
- He expects it isn't easy.
- (transitive) to wait to, wait for, await
- Por favor espera aquí.
- Please wait here.
- (intransitive, reflexive) to wait, to hold on (reflexive for emphatic use)
- (intransitive) to hope
- (intransitive) to expect (a baby)
- (reflexive) to be expected, to expect (impersonal use)
Conjugation
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive esperar | |||||||
| dative | esperarme | esperarte | esperarle, esperarse | esperarnos | esperaros | esperarles, esperarse | |
| accusative | esperarme | esperarte | esperarlo, esperarla, esperarse | esperarnos | esperaros | esperarlos, esperarlas, esperarse | |
| with gerund esperando | |||||||
| dative | esperándome | esperándote | esperándole, esperándose | esperándonos | esperándoos | esperándoles, esperándose | |
| accusative | esperándome | esperándote | esperándolo, esperándola, esperándose | esperándonos | esperándoos | esperándolos, esperándolas, esperándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative espera | |||||||
| dative | espérame | espérate | espérale | espéranos | not used | espérales | |
| accusative | espérame | espérate | espéralo, espérala | espéranos | not used | espéralos, espéralas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative esperá | |||||||
| dative | esperame | esperate | esperale | esperanos | not used | esperales | |
| accusative | esperame | esperate | esperalo, esperala | esperanos | not used | esperalos, esperalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative espere | |||||||
| dative | espéreme | not used | espérele, espérese | espérenos | not used | espéreles | |
| accusative | espéreme | not used | espérelo, espérela, espérese | espérenos | not used | espérelos, espérelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative esperemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | esperémoste | esperémosle | esperémonos | esperémoos | esperémosles | |
| accusative | not used | esperémoste | esperémoslo, esperémosla | esperémonos | esperémoos | esperémoslos, esperémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative esperad | |||||||
| dative | esperadme | not used | esperadle | esperadnos | esperaos | esperadles | |
| accusative | esperadme | not used | esperadlo, esperadla | esperadnos | esperaos | esperadlos, esperadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative esperen | |||||||
| dative | espérenme | not used | espérenle | espérennos | not used | espérenles, espérense | |
| accusative | espérenme | not used | espérenlo, espérenla | espérennos | not used | espérenlos, espérenlas, espérense | |
Derived terms
- de aquí te espero
- esperar con interés (“to look forward, to eagerly await”)
Related terms
Further reading
- “esperar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
