ech
See also: ECH
Bergish
Esperanto
Kalasha
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-Germanic *ik.
Declension
Luxembourgish personal pronouns
| nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | ||||
| 1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | ||
| 2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | ||
| 2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | ||
| 3rd person singular | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
| f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | ||
| n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | ||
| 1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | ||
| 2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | ||
| 3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech | ||
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English ǣlċ, a contraction of ǣġhwylċ (compare ewilch). For the loss of /l/, compare which, swich.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛːtʃ/, /ɛtʃ/
- (Northern) IPA(key): /itʃ/, /ilk/
Determiner
ech
- every (all of a group)
- each (all of a group, seen individually)
- (Early Middle English) any; at all
- (rare) All kinds of.
References
- “ēch, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old Irish
Etymology
From Primitive Irish *ᚓᚊᚐᚄ (*eqas), from Proto-Celtic *ekʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognates include Latin equus, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Sanskrit अश्व (áśva) and Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ex/
Declension
| Masculine o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | ech | echL | eichL |
| Vocative | eich | echL | eochuH |
| Accusative | echN | echL | eochuH |
| Genitive | eichL | ech | echN |
| Dative | eochL | echaib | echaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Synonyms
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ech | unchanged | n-ech |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛx/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛx
- Syllabification: ech
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