造
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Translingual
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Han character
造 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 卜竹土口 (YHGR), four-corner 34306, composition ⿺辶告)
References
- KangXi: page 1258, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38898
- Dae Jaweon: page 1746, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3841, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9020
Chinese
| trad. | 造 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 造 | |
| alternative forms | 艁 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (告) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ) : semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).
造 zào is composed of 告 gào and 辶 “a foot walking down the road; motion,” which hints at the original meaning “to arrive; to go to a place.” *
In 造, 辶 is a form component, depicting a foot walking down a road, which is used here to represent the meaning “to arrive.”
In 造 zào, 告 gào is a sound component.
Pronunciation
Definitions
造
- to make; to build; to manufacture
- 造船 ― zàochuán ― to build a ship
- 仿造 ― fǎngzào ― to produce something after a model; to copy
- 創造／创造 ― chuàngzào ― to create
- 造房子 ― zào fángzǐ ― to build a house
- 造輿論／造舆论 ― zào yúlùn ― to manufacture public opinion
- 造一臺手機／造一台手机 ― zào yī tái shǒujī ― to manufacture a mobile phone
- 萬物是藉著他造的；凡被造的，沒有一樣不是藉著他造的。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version), 約翰福音 (John) 1:3
- Wànwù shì jièzhe tā zào de; fán bèi zào de, méiyǒu yī yàng bùshì jièzhe tā zào de. [Pinyin]
- All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.
万物是借着他造的；凡被造的，没有一样不是借着他造的。 [MSC, simp.]
- to make up; to fabricate
- (colloquial) to spend money without constraint
- (literary, obsolete) to start
- (literary, obsolete) to establish
- (dialectal) harvest of crops
- 早造 ― zǎozào ― early crops
- (dialectal) Classifier for harvests.
- (law) party concerned in the suit
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]
Compounds
Derived terms from 造
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Pronunciation
Definitions
造
- (literary) to go to; to visit; to reach
- (literary) attainments; achievements
- (literary) to train
- (literary) to give a life
- 再造之恩 ― zàizàozhī'ēn ― great benevolence of saving one's life
- (literary) era
Compounds
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
Etymology 5
| For pronunciation and definitions of 造 – see 𢲵 (“(Sichuan) to stir; to flip over; to rummage”). (This character, 造, is a variant form of 𢲵.) |
References
- “造”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04146
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 造 | |
| Kyūjitai [1][2][3] |
造󠄁 造+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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| 造󠄃 造+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| 造󠄄 造+ 󠄄?(Hanyo-Denshi) |
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| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Readings
From Middle Chinese 造 (MC d͡zɑuX); compare Mandarin 造 (zào):
- Go-on: ぞう (zō, Jōyō)←ざう (zau, historical)
- Kan-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
From Middle Chinese 造 (MC t͡sʰɑuH); compare Mandarin 造 (zào, cào):
- Go-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ぞう (zō, Jōyō)←ざう (zau, historical)
From native Japanese roots:
Compounds
Compounds
- 造悪 (zōaku)
- 造意 (zōi)
- 造為 (zōi)
- 造営 (zōei)
- 造園 (zōen)
- 造化 (zōka)
- 造花 (zōka)
- 造艦 (zōkan)
- 造機 (zōki)
- 造鈞 (zōkin)
- 造宮 (zōgū)
- 造形, 造型 (zōkei)
- 造詣 (zōkei)
- 造血 (zōketsu)
- 造孼 (zōgetsu)
- 造言 (zōgen)
- 造語 (zōgo)
- 造構 (zōkō)
- 造石 (zōkoku)
- 造国 (zōkoku)
- 造作 (zōsa)
- 造材 (zōzai)
- 造作 (zōsaku)
- 造士 (zōshi)
- 造次 (zōji)
- 造寺 (zōji)
- 造酒 (zōshu)
- 造就 (zōshū)
- 造出 (zōshutsu)
- 造醸 (zōjō)
- 造進 (zōshin)
- 造成 (zōsei)
- 造請 (zōsei)
- 造設 (zōsetsu)
- 造説 (zōsetsu)
- 造船 (zōsen)
- 造像 (zōzō)
- 造猝 (zōsotsu)
- 造替 (zōtai)
- 造端 (zōtan)
- 造築 (zōchiku)
- 造注 (zōchū)
- 造第 (zōtei)
- 造反 (zōhan)
- 造畢 (zōhitsu)
- 造仏 (zōbutsu)
- 造物 (zōbutsu)
- 造兵 (zōhei)
- 造幣 (zōhei)
- 造訪 (zōhō)
- 造本 (zōhon)
- 造昧 (zōmai)
- 造命 (zōmei)
- 造面 (zōmen) (蔵面)
- 造謡 (zōyō)
- 造立 (zōryū)
- 造粒 (zōryū)
- 造林 (zōrin)
- 造暦 (zōreki)
- 営造 (eizō)
- 改造 (kaizō)
- 偽造 (gizō)
- 構造 (kōzō)
- 興造 (kōzō)
- 国造 (kuni no miyatsuko)
- 再造 (saizō)
- 修造 (shūzō)
- 新造 (shinzo)
- 新造 (shinzō)
- 深造 (shinzō)
- 製造 (seizō)
- 創造 (sōzō)
- 大造 (taizō)
- 築造 (chikuzō)
- 鋳造 (chūzō)
- 肇造 (chūzō)
- 捏造 (detsuzō)
- 捏造 (netsuzō)
- 末造 (batsuzō)
- 仿造 (hōzō)
- 末造 (matsuzō)
- 木造 (mokuzō)
- 模造, 摸造 (mozō)
- 乱造 (ranzō)
- 両造 (ryōzō)
References
- “造”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
- 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 2107 (paper), page 1105 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
- 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1214 (paper), page 620 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 造 (MC d͡zɑuX).
| Historical readings |
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [조(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Compounds
Compounds
- 가조 (假造, gajo)
- 개조 (改造, gaejo)
- 건조 (建造, geonjo)
- 구조 (構造, gujo)
- 급조 (急造, geupjo)
- 날조 (捏造, naljo)
- 모조 (模造, mojo)
- 목조 (木造, mokjo)
- 변조 (變造, byeonjo)
- 석조 (石造, seokjo)
- 위조 (僞造, wijo)
- 인조 (人造, injo)
- 재조 (再造, jaejo)
- 제조 (製造, jejo)
- 조성 (造成, joseong)
- 조작 (造作, jojak)
- 조청 (造淸, jocheong)
- 축조 (築造, chukjo)
- 조선 (造船, joseon)
- 주조 (鑄造, jujo)
- 조화 (造化, johwa)
- 조물 (造物, jomul)
- 조어 (造語, jo'eo)
- 조차 (造次, jocha)
- 조폐 (造幣, jopye)
- 천조 (天造, cheonjo)
- 창조 (創造, changjo)
- 편조 (編造, pyeonjo)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 造 (MC t͡sʰɑuH).
| Historical readings |
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [조(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Vietnamese
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