荊棘

See also: 荆棘

Chinese

		thorns; brambles	thorns
trad. (荊棘/荆棘)		荊/荆	棘
simp. (荆棘)		荆	棘

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngjí

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹ gik¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn-kit
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): keng-kek / keng-kiak

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng¹ gêg⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngjí
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingjí
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-chi²
  - Yale: jīng-jí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingjyi
  - Palladius: цзинцзи (czinczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    經籍／经籍
    荊棘／荆棘
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging¹ gik¹
  - Yale: gīng gīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ gik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ gig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ kɪk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-kit
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin´ gid`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ gid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ kit̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-kek
  - Tâi-lô: king-kik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kengkeg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-kiak
  - Tâi-lô: king-kiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kengkiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³ kiak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng¹ gêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng kek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ³³⁻²³ kek̚²/

Middle Chinese: /kˠiæŋ kɨk̚/

Rime
Character	荊	棘
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	蒸 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	舉卿切	紀力切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ/	/kɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ/	/kɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ/	/kiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ/	/kik̚/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ/	/kiək̚/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ/	/kĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ/	/ki̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging¹	gik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]reŋ krək/

(Zhengzhang): /*keŋ krɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	荊	棘
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng ›	‹ kik ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]reŋ/	/*krək/
English	briar	thorns
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	荊	棘
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6851	5745
Phonetic component	井	棘
Rime group	耕	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	驚	殛
Old Chinese	/*keŋ/	/*krɯɡ/

Noun

荊棘

(literally, botany) thistles and thorns; brambles; thorny undergrowth
- 師之所處，荊棘生焉。 [MSC, trad.]
  师之所处，荆棘生焉。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: Laozi
  Shī zhī suǒ chǔ, jīngjí shēng yān. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
(literary, figurative) difficult situation; dangerous circumstances
(literary, figurative) scheming sycophant
(literary, figurative) animosity; hostility; ill will; grudge

Synonyms

(scheming sycophant): (literary) 姦佞／奸佞 (jiānnìng)
(animosity):

嫌隙 (xiánxì)
芥蒂 (jièdì) (literary, figurative)

碴兒／碴儿 (chár) (colloquial)

Adjective

荊棘

(literary, figurative) chaotic; disorderly

Synonyms

Synonyms of 荊棘

狼戾 (lánglì) (literary, Hakka)
狼狼戾戾 (Hakka)
紊 (wěn) (literary, or in compounds)
一塌糊塗／一塌糊涂 (yītāhútú)
亂／乱 (luàn)
亂七八糟／乱七八糟 (luànqībāzāo)
亂雜／乱杂 (luànzá) (literary)
凌亂／凌乱 (língluàn)
嘈亂／嘈乱 (cáoluàn) (literary, of sound)
大鼎炒狗蟻／大鼎炒狗蚁 (Hokkien)
挐亂／挐乱 (Min Nan)
擾擾／扰扰 (rǎorǎo)
散亂／散乱 (sǎnluàn)
有七無八／有七无八 (Min Nan)
殽亂／淆乱 (xiáoluàn) (literary)
混亂／混乱 (hùnluàn)

烏七八糟／乌七八糟 (wūqībāzāo)
烏哩單刀／乌哩单刀 (Cantonese)
無序／无序 (wúxù)
狼藉 (lángjí)
立立亂／立立乱 (Cantonese)
糊塗／糊涂 (hútu)
糾紛／纠纷 (jiūfēn) (literary)
紊亂／紊乱 (wěnluàn)
紛亂／纷乱 (fēnluàn)
紛雜／纷杂 (fēnzá) (literary)
繚亂／缭乱 (liáoluàn) (formal)
肆亂／肆乱 (sìluàn) (literary)
蕪雜／芜杂 (wúzá)
雜亂／杂乱 (záluàn)
鬼打樣／鬼打样 (Hakka)

Derived terms

披荊棘／披荆棘
滿地荊棘／满地荆棘
燃燒的荊棘／燃烧的荆棘 (ránshāo de jīngjí)
舉動荊棘／举动荆棘 (jǔdòngjīngjí)

荊棘律／荆棘律
荊棘銅駝／荆棘铜驼
銅駝荊棘／铜驼荆棘

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (荊棘):

→ Japanese: 荊棘(けいきょく) (keikyoku)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
荊	棘
けい Hyōgaiji	きょく Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) けーきょく [kèékyókú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ke̞ːkʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

荊(けい)棘(きょく) • (keikyoku)

thorns (thorny plants)
hardships, difficulties
- 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
  
  荊棘(けいきょく)の道(みち)
  keikyoku no michi
  The path of hardships

See also

Appendix:Gikun_Usage_in_Meiji_Version_of_Japanese_Bible/荊棘

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