按

按	U+6309, 按 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6309

← 挈
[U+6308]

CJK Unified Ideographs

挊 →
[U+630A]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

按 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手十女 (QJV), four-corner 5304₄, composition ⿰扌安)

References

KangXi: page 429, character 26

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12038

Dae Jaweon: page 779, character 3

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1876, character 1

Unihan data for U+6309

Chinese

trad.		按
simp. ^#		按

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (安) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
安	*qaːn
鞍	*qaːn
鞌	*qaːn
侒	*qaːn
按	*qaːns
案	*qaːns
洝	*qaːns
荌	*qaːns
晏	qaːns, qraːns
鴳	*qraːns
騴	*qraːns
鷃	*qraːns
頞	*qaːd
胺	*qaːd
咹	*qaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːns) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 安 (OC *qaːn).

Etymology

Exoactive of 安 (OC *qaːn, “be calm”), lit. "cause to be settled, calmed".

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): àn (an⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): on³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): on
Min Dong (BUC): áng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): àn / án

(Teochew, Peng'im): ang³
Wu (Wiktionary): oe (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: àn
  - Zhuyin: ㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: àn
  - Wade–Giles: an⁴
  - Yale: àn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ann
  - Palladius: ань (anʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: on³
  - Yale: on
  - Cantonese Pinyin: on³
  - Guangdong Romanization: on³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːn³³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: on
  - Hakka Romanization System: on
  - Hagfa Pinyim: on⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /on⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: áng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɑŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: àn
  - Tâi-lô: àn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: axn
  - IPA (Taipei): /an¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /an⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /an²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: án
  - Tâi-lô: án
  - Phofsit Daibuun: arn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /an⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /an⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /an⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: àng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: oe (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ø³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ʔɑn^H/

Rime
Character	按
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏旰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔan^H/
Li Rong	/ʔɑn^H/
Wang Li	/ɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	àn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	on³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤa[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	按
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	àn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁa[n]-s/
English	repress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	按
Reading #	1/1
No.	15
Phonetic component	安
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	按
Old Chinese	/*qaːns/

Definitions

按

to push (with hands); to press
按鈕／按钮 ― ànniǔ ― to press a button
to put aside
to restrain
to check against something, chiefly a text
按圖索驥／按图索骥 ― àntúsuǒjì ― literally, "to seek a fine horse by checking against a drawing"
to make comments; to write notes
according to; referring to; following
按照 ― ànzhào ― according to

按計劃行事／按计划行事 ― àn jìhuà xíngshì ― to follow the plan
(Malaysia, Singapore) to withdraw (money)
(Singapore Hokkien) from (a place or time)

Synonyms

(to push):

Dialectal synonyms of 按 (“to push; to press”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		按
Mandarin	Beijing	按, 摁
	Taiwan	按
	Jinan	按, 摁
	Xi'an	按, 壓
	Wuhan	按, 逞
	Chengdu	按, 逞
	Yangzhou	捺
	Hefei	按, 捺
	Malaysia	按
	Singapore	按
Cantonese	Guangzhou	撳, 的
	Hong Kong	撳
	Macau	撳
	Yangjiang	擪
	Singapore (Guangfu)	撳
Gan	Nanchang	按, 陣
Hakka	Meixian	撳
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	撳
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	撳
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	撳
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	撳, 擪
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	撳
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	擪
	Kuching (Hepo)	撳
Jin	Taiyuan	按
Min Bei	Jian'ou	壓
Min Dong	Fuzhou	扼
Min Nan	Xiamen	揤
	Quanzhou	揤
	Zhangzhou	揤
	Taipei	揤
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	揤
	Kaohsiung	揤
	Yilan	揤
	Changhua (Lukang)	揤
	Taichung	揤
	Tainan	揤
	Hsinchu	揤
	Kinmen	揤
	Penghu (Magong)	揤
	Penang (Hokkien)	揤, 捏
	Singapore (Hokkien)	揤, 捏
	Manila (Hokkien)	揤
	Chaozhou	揤
	Singapore (Teochew)	揤
Wu	Shanghai	撳
	Suzhou	撳
	Wenzhou	捺, 捼
Xiang	Changsha	捘, 按
Xiang	Shuangfeng	撳

(to restrain):

edit

Synonyms of 按

主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
克制 (kèzhì)
克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
君 (jūn) (literary)
局限 (júxiàn)
左右 (zuǒyòu)
把 (bǎ)
把持 (bǎchí)
把控 (bǎkòng)
抑制 (yìzhì)
抵制 (dǐzhì)
拘束 (jūshù)
按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
掌握 (zhǎngwò)
控 (kòng) (literary, or in compounds)
控制 (kòngzhì)

提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
操控 (cāokòng)
支配 (zhīpèi)
束 (shù) (literary, or in compounds)
柄 (bǐng) (literary, or in compounds)
框 (kuàng)
管制 (guǎnzhì)
管束 (guǎnshù)
裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
限 (xiàn) (formal, or in compounds)
限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
限制 (xiànzhì)
主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
制約／制约 (zhìyuē)
執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
壓制／压制 (yāzhì)

撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
撥弄／拨弄 (bōnòng)
操縱／操纵 (cāozòng)
擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)
束縛／束缚 (shùfù)
禁錮／禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
積壓／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
節制／节制 (jiézhì)
約束／约束 (yuēshù)
統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
統治／统治 (tǒngzhì)
羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
鎮／镇 (zhèn)
駕馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

(according to):

edit

依 (yī)
依照 (yīzhào)
按照 (ànzhào)

本著／本着 (běnzhe)
依據／依据 (yījù)
憑／凭 (píng)

憑借／凭借 (píngjiè)
根據／根据 (gēnjù)

Compounds

不按君臣
巡按
巡按使
按下
按例 (ànlì)
按兵 (ànbīng)
按分比例
按呢 (án-ni)
按堵如故
按察 (ànchá)
按察使 (àncháshǐ)
按怎 (àn-chóaⁿ)
按手
按捺 (ànnà)
按捺不住 (ànnàbùzhù)
按摩 (ànmó)
按摩器
按摩椅 (ànmóyǐ)
按日 (ànrì)
按月 (ànyuè)

按期 (ànqī)
按次
按照 (ànzhào)
按理 (ànlǐ)
按甲休兵
按部就班 (ànbùjiùbān)
按酒
按音 (ànyīn)
覆按
心臟按摩／心脏按摩
按兵不動／按兵不动 (ànbīng-bùdòng)
按兵不舉／按兵不举
按劍／按剑 (ànjiàn)
按名責實／按名责实
按問／按问
按圖索驥／按图索骥 (àntúsuǒjì)
按壓／按压 (ànyā)
按家伏業／按家伏业
按彊助弱／按强助弱
按摩師／按摩师 (ànmóshī)

按摩襪／按摩袜
按時／按时 (ànshí)
按檔兒／按档儿
按殺／按杀
按甲寢兵／按甲寝兵
按納／按纳
按脈／按脉 (ànmài)
按討／按讨
按語／按语 (ànyǔ)
按說／按说 (ànshuō)
按調／按调
按資排輩／按资排辈
按轡／按辔
按鈕／按钮 (ànniǔ)
按鈴申告／按铃申告
按鍵／按键 (ànjiàn)
按驗／按验
按鷹／按鹰
細按／细按
逢時按節／逢时按节

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (按):

→ Japanese: 按(あん) (an)
→ Korean: 안(按) (an)
→ Vietnamese: án (按)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: ấn (按, “to press”)

Japanese

Kanji

按

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: あん (an)
Kan-on: あん (an)
Kun: おさえる (osaeru, 按える); しらべる (shiraberu, 按べる)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
按
あん Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 按 (MC ʔɑn^H).

Affix

按(あん) • (an)

push (with hands); press
examine; investigate

Korean

Hanja

按 • (an, al) (hangeul 안, 알, revised an, al, McCune–Reischauer an, al, Yale an, al)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Verb

按 (án)

Nôm form of án (“to count”).

Vietnamese

Han character

按: Hán Nôm readings: án, ấn, ướn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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