ex-

• e-

From Middle English, from words borrowed from Middle French; from Latin ex (“out of, from”), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex, “out of, from”), Transalpine Gaulish ex- (“out”), Old Irish ess- (“out”), Old Church Slavonic изъ (izŭ, “out”), Russian из (iz, “from, out of”).

ex-

1. out of

   borrowed from Latin: extract, expel, except, expression, exclusion

2. outside

   ex-directory; borrowed from Latin: exterior

3. former, but still living (almost always used with a hyphen)

   ex-husband, ex-president, ex-wife

4. (biology) Lacking.

   excaudate, exstipulate

• Sometimes the x in ex- is elided before certain constants, being reduced to e- (as, e.g., in ejaculate and egregious which are borrowed from Latin).
• Words derived from ex- in the sense of former are usually formed with a hyphen. Using hyphen is recommended by GPO manual.[1]

• (outside): out-, exo-, ecto-
• (former): then-
• (lacking): an-, -less, -free

• (outside): in-, intra-, en-/em-/im-, end-/endo-

Derived words without entries:

• e-
• ex
• extra-

• ex- at OneLook Dictionary Search
• “ex-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
• “ex-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
• “ex-”, in Collins English Dictionary.
• ex- in Britannica Dictionary
• “ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.
• “ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.

• XE, xe

ex-

1. ex- (former)

• ex- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Borrowed from French ex-, from Latin ex-.

• IPA^(key): /ɛks/

ex-

1. ex- (former, but still living)

• ex

ex-

1. ex- (former)

   ‎ex- + ‎femme → ‎ex-femme

• “ex-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

ex-

1. ex- (former)
2. ex- (out)

• “ex-” in Duden online

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛks]

ex-

1. ex- (former)

• ex- in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)

ex-

1. ex-

• ē- (before b, d, g, j, l, m, n, r, or v)
• ec-, ef- (before f)

The preposition ex, ē used in combination.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eks/, [ɛks̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /eks/, [eks]

ex-

1. out, away

   ‎ē- + ‎veniō → ‎ēveniō

   ‎ex- + ‎clāmō (“call, shout”) → ‎exclāmō (“call out, exclaim”)

   ‎ex- + ‎eō (“go”) → ‎exeō (“exit, depart”)

2. throughout

   ‎ē- + ‎dormiō → ‎ēdormiō

   ‎ē- + ‎pōtō (“drink”) → ‎ēpōtō (“drink up”)

3. (intensive) thoroughly

   ‎ē- + ‎dūrus → ‎ēdūrō

   ‎ex- + ‎acuō → ‎exacuō

4. denoting achievement

   ‎ex- + ‎ōrō → ‎exōrō

   ‎ex- + ‎pugnō (“battle, fight, combat”) → ‎expugnō (“capture, conquer”)

5. up

   ‎ex- + ‎aggerō → ‎exaggerō

   ‎ex- + ‎struō (“pile, arrange”) → ‎exstruō (“heap up, build up, construct”)

6. denoting privation

   ‎ex- + ‎anima (“air, breath, soul, life”) → ‎exanimō (“deprive of air, deprive of life”)

   ‎ex- + ‎sanguis (“blood”) → ‎exsanguis (“deprived of blood, bloodless”)

• “ex-” on pages 629–630 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

• ef- (before f)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

ex-

1. privation

   ‎ef- + ‎flouren → ‎efflouren

Borrowed from Latin ex.

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈe(j)s/, /ˈe(j)ʃ/
• Homophones: ex, -ês, Es (without /j/), eis (with /j/)

ex-

1. ex- (former)

Always used with a hyphen.

• ex

ex-

1. ex- (former)

From Latin ex.

ex-

1. ex- (former)

• “ex-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

ex-

1. ex-, former, past