apo
English
Bahnar
Alternative forms
- hơpo
Etymology
From Proto-Bahnaric *ʔmpəw, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *mp(ɔ)ʔ (“to dream”); cognate with Halang hơpô, Koho mpao, Semai mpo, Pacoh apo/mpo, Old Mon 'ampo' (modern Mon လ္ပံ (kəpɔˀ)), Central Nicobarese [Nancowry] enfūa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔapɔː/
Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /apo/, [a.po̞]
Etymology 1
Perhaps from Spanish sapo, with simplification of los sapos to los apos. Alternatively, both words might have the same Pre-Roman origin.
Declension
Declension of apo (animate, ending in vowel) | |||
---|---|---|---|
indefinite | singular | plural | |
absolutive | apo | apoa | apoak |
ergative | apok | apoak | apoek |
dative | apori | apoari | apoei |
genitive | aporen | apoaren | apoen |
comitative | aporekin | apoarekin | apoekin |
causative | aporengatik | apoarengatik | apoengatik |
benefactive | aporentzat | apoarentzat | apoentzat |
instrumental | apoz | apoaz | apoez |
inessive | aporengan | apoarengan | apoengan |
locative | — | — | — |
allative | aporengana | apoarengana | apoengana |
terminative | aporenganaino | apoarenganaino | apoenganaino |
directive | aporenganantz | apoarenganantz | apoenganantz |
destinative | aporenganako | apoarenganako | apoenganako |
ablative | aporengandik | apoarengandik | apoengandik |
partitive | aporik | — | — |
prolative | apotzat | — | — |
See also
Declension
Declension of apo (inanimate, ending in vowel) | |||
---|---|---|---|
indefinite | singular | plural | |
absolutive | apo | apoa | apoak |
ergative | apok | apoak | apoek |
dative | apori | apoari | apoei |
genitive | aporen | apoaren | apoen |
comitative | aporekin | apoarekin | apoekin |
causative | aporengatik | apoarengatik | apoengatik |
benefactive | aporentzat | apoarentzat | apoentzat |
instrumental | apoz | apoaz | apoez |
inessive | apotan | apoan | apoetan |
locative | apotako | apoko | apoetako |
allative | apotara | apora | apoetara |
terminative | apotaraino | aporaino | apoetaraino |
directive | apotarantz | aporantz | apoetarantz |
destinative | apotarako | aporako | apoetarako |
ablative | apotatik | apotik | apoetatik |
partitive | aporik | — | — |
prolative | apotzat | — | — |
Bikol Central
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: a‧po
- IPA(key): /ˈʔapoʔ/
Cebuano
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: a‧po
- IPA(key): /ʔaˈpo/, [ʔʌˈpu]
East Futuna
Synonyms
- pomo (Sigave)
References
- Claire Moyse-Faurie, Borrowings from Romance languages in Oceanic languages, in Aspects of Language Contact (2008, →ISBN
Eastern Bontoc
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).
Hiligaynon
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).
Ibaloi
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).
Ilocano
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: a‧po
- IPA(key): /ʔaˈpo/, [ʔɐˈpu]
Noun
apó
- (usually endearing, familiar) grandparent
- (usually endearing, familiar) master; mistress
- sir; madam
- grandchild
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈa.po/
- Rhymes: -apo
- Hyphenation: à‧po
Kankanaey
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).
Kayapa Kallahan
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).
Latin
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *apō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“to get, grab”). Cognate with apex, Hittite 𒄩𒀊 (ḫapp-, “to join, attach”), Ancient Greek ἅπτω (háptō, “I fasten”).
The term is only attested in another form than the participle in the work of the grammarian Sextus Pompeius Festus and in the Etymologiae of Saint Isidore of Seville.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈa.poː/, [ˈäpoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈa.po/, [ˈäːpo]
Verb
apō (present infinitive apere, perfect active apī, supine aptum); third conjugation
- I fasten; attach, connect; join, bind
- c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 1.15.1:
- […] linguam autem dēbēre aiunt non esse līberam nec vagam, sed vinclīs de pectore īmō ac dē corde aptīs movērī et quasi gubernārī.
- They say that the tongue should not be free and wandering, but that it should be moved and, so to say, steered by cords attached to the deep chest and heart.
- […] linguam autem dēbēre aiunt non esse līberam nec vagam, sed vinclīs de pectore īmō ac dē corde aptīs movērī et quasi gubernārī.
- 8th century CE, Paulus Diaconus, Karl Otfried Müller, editor, Excerpta ex libris Pompeii Festi De significatione verborum, page 17:
- Apex, quod est sacerdotum īnsigne, dictus est ab eō, quod comprehendere antīquī vinculō apere dīcēbant. Unde aptus est, quī conventienter alicui iūnctus est.
- The apex, which is the ensign of the Flamen, is called so because of the fact that in, the old language, tying with a rope was called apere. Whence aptus is something which is conventiently joined to something.
- Apex, quod est sacerdotum īnsigne, dictus est ab eō, quod comprehendere antīquī vinculō apere dīcēbant. Unde aptus est, quī conventienter alicui iūnctus est.
Conjugation
Conjugation of apō (third conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | apō | apis | apit | apimus | apitis | apunt |
imperfect | apēbam | apēbās | apēbat | apēbāmus | apēbātis | apēbant | |
future | apam | apēs | apet | apēmus | apētis | apent | |
perfect | apī | apistī | apit | apimus | apistis | apērunt, apēre | |
pluperfect | aperam | aperās | aperat | aperāmus | aperātis | aperant | |
future perfect | aperō | aperis | aperit | aperimus | aperitis | aperint | |
passive | present | apor | aperis, apere |
apitur | apimur | apiminī | apuntur |
imperfect | apēbar | apēbāris, apēbāre |
apēbātur | apēbāmur | apēbāminī | apēbantur | |
future | apar | apēris, apēre |
apētur | apēmur | apēminī | apentur | |
perfect | aptus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | aptus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | aptus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | apam | apās | apat | apāmus | apātis | apant |
imperfect | aperem | aperēs | aperet | aperēmus | aperētis | aperent | |
perfect | aperim | aperīs | aperit | aperīmus | aperītis | aperint | |
pluperfect | apissem | apissēs | apisset | apissēmus | apissētis | apissent | |
passive | present | apar | apāris, apāre |
apātur | apāmur | apāminī | apantur |
imperfect | aperer | aperēris, aperēre |
aperētur | aperēmur | aperēminī | aperentur | |
perfect | aptus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | aptus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | ape | — | — | apite | — |
future | — | apitō | apitō | — | apitōte | apuntō | |
passive | present | — | apere | — | — | apiminī | — |
future | — | apitor | apitor | — | — | apuntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | apere | apisse | aptūrum esse | apī | aptum esse | aptum īrī | |
participles | apēns | — | aptūrus | — | aptus | apendus, apundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
apendī | apendō | apendum | apendō | aptum | aptū |
References
- “apo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- apo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 120
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “apīscor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 47
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *apō, see also Old English apa, Old High German affo, Old Norse api.
Tagalog
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”). Compare Kapampangan apu, Malayalam അപ്പൂപ്പൻ (appūppaṉ, “grandfather”), and Hokkien 阿婆 (a-pô, “paternal grandmother”).
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: a‧po
- IPA(key): /ʔaˈpo/, [ʔɐˈpo] (noun:grandchild)
- IPA(key): /ˈʔapoʔ/, [ˈʔa.poʔ] (noun:grandfather; master)
Derived terms
- apo sa pamangkin
- apo sa sakong
- apo sa sinapupunan
- apo sa tagiliran
- apo sa talampakan
- apo sa tuhod
- inapo
- kaapu-apuhan
- pag-aapuhan
Noun
apò (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓ)
Derived terms
- apuin
- kaapuan
- pagkaapo
Further reading
- “apo”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018
- Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 303
Waray-Waray
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).
Yami
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).
Yoruba
Etymology 1
Cognate with Igala ákpó
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ā.k͡pó/
Noun
apó
- quiver
- ikú ọdẹ ń bẹ nínú apó ― What will be the death of the hunter is lurking inside the quiver
Derived terms
- Aníkúlápó (“A Yoruba name meaning, One who has death in their quiver”)
Etymology 2
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Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /à.k͡pò/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /à.k͡pò/