apu
Batui
Etymology
From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʔapu/
Further reading
- David Mead, Edy Pasanda, An Initial Appreciation of the Dialect Situation in Saluan and Batui (Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia) (2015)
Borong
References
- Kaija Olkkonen, Soini Olkkonen, Somba-Siawari (Burum Mindik)—English dictionary (2007) (mentioned in the entry o)
Chamorro
Etymology
From Pre-Chamorro *ʔapu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *apu.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑpu]
- Rhymes: -ɑpu
- Syllabification(key): a‧pu
Noun
apu
- help
- Apua! — Help!
- jonkin avulla — with the help of something, using something
- assistance
- helping hand
- service
- remedy
- aid
- support
- relief
- rescue
- (as a modifier in compound words) auxiliary, additional, accessory
- apukone — auxiliary engine
Declension
| Inflection of apu (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | apu | avut | |
| genitive | avun | apujen | |
| partitive | apua | apuja | |
| illative | apuun | apuihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | apu | avut | |
| accusative | nom. | apu | avut |
| gen. | avun | ||
| genitive | avun | apujen | |
| partitive | apua | apuja | |
| inessive | avussa | avuissa | |
| elative | avusta | avuista | |
| illative | apuun | apuihin | |
| adessive | avulla | avuilla | |
| ablative | avulta | avuilta | |
| allative | avulle | avuille | |
| essive | apuna | apuina | |
| translative | avuksi | avuiksi | |
| instructive | — | avuin | |
| abessive | avutta | avuitta | |
| comitative | — | apuineen | |
| Possessive forms of apu (type valo) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | apuni | apumme |
| 2nd person | apusi | apunne |
| 3rd person | apunsa | |
Derived terms
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɒpu]
- Hyphenation: apu
- Rhymes: -pu
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | apu | apuk |
| accusative | aput | apukat |
| dative | apunak | apuknak |
| instrumental | apuval | apukkal |
| causal-final | apuért | apukért |
| translative | apuvá | apukká |
| terminative | apuig | apukig |
| essive-formal | apuként | apukként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | apuban | apukban |
| superessive | apun | apukon |
| adessive | apunál | apuknál |
| illative | apuba | apukba |
| sublative | apura | apukra |
| allative | apuhoz | apukhoz |
| elative | apuból | apukból |
| delative | apuról | apukról |
| ablative | aputól | apuktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
apué | apuké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
apuéi | apukéi |
| Possessive forms of apu | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | apum | apuim |
| 2nd person sing. | apud | apuid |
| 3rd person sing. | apuja | apui |
| 1st person plural | apunk | apuink |
| 2nd person plural | aputok | apuitok |
| 3rd person plural | apujuk | apuik |
Derived terms
- apuka
Further reading
- apu in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- apu in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑpu]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑb̥u]
- Rhymes: -ɑpu
- Hyphenation: a‧pu
Noun
apu
- Synonym of api
- 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 109:
- Hää oli prostoist vanhemmist, varraa jäi vanhemmist i suureel vaivaal vanhemman veljän avul sai itsellee obrazovanjan.
- He had simple parents, lost [his] parents early on and with big difficulty with the help of his older brother got himself an education.
-
Declension
| Declension of apu (type 4/koivu, p-v gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | apu | avut |
| genitive | avun | appuin, apuloin |
| partitive | appua | apuja, apuloja |
| illative | appuu | appui, apuloihe |
| inessive | avus | apuis, apulois |
| elative | avust | apuist, apuloist |
| allative | avulle | apuille, apuloille |
| adessive | avul | apuil, apuloil |
| ablative | avult | apuilt, apuloilt |
| translative | avuks | apuiks, apuloiks |
| essive | apunna, appuun | apuinna, apuloinna, appuin, apuloin |
| exessive1) | apunt | apuint, apuloint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 2
Kapampangan
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu, from Proto-Austronesian *apu. Compare Ilocano apo, Tagalog apo, Cebuano apu, Malay empu, and Cebuano umpu. Also possibly from Hokkien 阿婆 (a-pô, “paternal grandmother”).
Noun
ápû (plural ápu)
- grandparent
- term of address for one's grandparents
- term of reference for one's grandmother
- title added to saint's names
- Apu Lusya
- Saint Lucy
Pronunciation 2
- Hyphenation: a‧pu
- IPA(key): /əˈpu/, [əˈpo]
Limos Kalinga
Megleno-Romanian
References
- Theodor Capidan, Dicționar meglenoromân (Megleno-Romanian dictionary)
Meriam
Pamona
References
- Donald F. and Sharon G. Barr and C. Salombe, Languages of Central Sulawesi: checklist, preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists, Ujung Pandang: Hasanuddin University (1979), page 98
Pitjantjatjara
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɐpʊ]
Saluan
Etymology
From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʔapuː/
Further reading
- David Mead, Edy Pasanda, An Initial Appreciation of the Dialect Situation in Saluan and Batui (Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia) (2015)
Uma
Etymology
From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.
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