-va

From Proto-Finnic *-pa, from Proto-Uralic *-pa. In the participial sense, the Finnish form descends from the weak-grade variant *-ba, which was eventually extended by analogy to all verbs. The original strong grade remains as -pa in a few words (e.g. syöpä, käypä, kaikkivoipa), but these have lost their verbal meaning. The adjective ending has also been generalized to its weak form (*-ba) through similar developments.

-va (front vowel harmony variant -vä)

1. Forms the present active participle of a verb, which is normally used like an adjective. The English equivalent is normally -ing, but sometimes also -ish.

   kirjoittaa (“to write”) → kirjoittava tyttö = a writing girl

   punertaa (“to redden”) → punertava taivas = reddish sky

2. Forms an adjective from a noun.

   liha (“flesh, meat”) → lihava (“fat”)

   käsi (“hand”) → kätevä (“handy”)

   tila (“space”) → tilava (“spacious”)

   terä (“cutting edge”) → terävä (“sharp”)

   rinta (“breast”) → rintava (“buxom”)

• (participial): Some inflected forms have specific uses:
  • genitive singular: used with verbs of reporting or observing to refer to someone doing an action according to that report or observation.

    Hänen sanotaan tekevän sen.

    It was said that s/he would do it.

  • essive plural: used with possessive suffix and olla to mean someone is feigning or pretending to do something (see olla olevinaan)

    Hän oli lukevinaan kirjaa.

    S/he pretended to read a book.

• See also Category:Finnish present active participles.

• av

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): [vɒ]
• Rhymes: -vɒ

-va

1. (adverbial-participle suffix) Added to a verb to form the adverbial participle.
   1. It may express an action done simultaneously by the subject of the main clause, like the English -ing form functioning as a participle (rather than a noun).

      úszik (“to swim”) →

      Úszva jött ide. ― He came here swimming.

   2. It may also express the result of a preceding action suffered or experienced (that is, with a passive sense), comparable to the past participle -ed, especially with a form of van (“to be”).

      zár (“to close”) → zárva (van) (“(it is/has been) closed”, with the implication that it is currently inaccessible)

• (adverbial participle suffix) Variants:

  -va is added to back-vowel verbs

  fut (“to run”) → Futva jöttek vissza. (“They came back running.”)

  -ve is added to front-vowel verbs

  ismer (“to know”) → Ismerve téged, elfogadom a véleményedet. (“Knowing you, I accept your opinion.”)

  -ván a less frequent variant of -va

  szól (“to speak”) → Az írásról szólván, mikor jelenik meg a legújabb könyve? (“Speaking of writing, when will your next book be published?”)

  -vén a less frequent variant of -ve

  ismer (“to know”) → Nem ismervén a tényeket, erre a kérdésre nem tudok válaszolni. (“Not knowing the facts, I can't answer this question.”)

• Category:Hungarian adverbial participles

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

• -va: (Classical) IPA^(key): /u̯a/, [u̯ä]
• -va: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /va/, [vä]
• -vā: (Classical) IPA^(key): /u̯aː/, [u̯äː]
• -vā: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /va/, [vä]

-va

1. inflection of -vus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

-vā

1. ablative feminine singular of -vus

-va

1. masculine/neuter vocative singular of -vant

Probably from va, the popular (folk) variant of the third-person singular indicative form of the verb vrea (“to want”) (cf. also its usage as an auxiliary verb, or in conjugated forms of (a) voi).

• IPA^(key): /va/

-va

1. suffixed to some adverbs and preopositions, meaning "some"

   ‎ce (“what”) + ‎-va → ‎ceva (“something”)

   ‎cine (“who”) + ‎-va → ‎cineva (“someone”)

   ‎unde (“where”) + ‎-va → ‎undeva (“somewhere”)

   ‎când (“when”) + ‎-va → ‎cândva (“sometime”)

   ‎cum (“how”) + ‎-va → ‎cumva (“somehow”)