南海

Chinese

		south	ocean; sea
simp. and trad. (南海)		南	海
anagram		海南

Etymology

"Nanhai, Guangdong, China; Nanhai Commandery": Officially, with the creation of the Nanhai Commandery in southern China in 214 BCE as attested in the Records of the Grand Historian.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Nánhǎi

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): naam⁴ hoi²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): nam³ hoi²
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Lâm-hái

(Teochew, Peng'im): nam⁵ hai²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Nánhǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Nánhǎi
  - Wade–Giles: Nan²-hai³
  - Yale: Nán-hǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nanhae
  - Palladius: Наньхай (Nanʹxaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: naam⁴ hoi²
  - Yale: nàahm hói
  - Cantonese Pinyin: naam⁴ hoi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: nam⁴ hoi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: nam³ hoi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdam²² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-hái
  - Tâi-lô: Lâm-hái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lamhae
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² hai⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nam⁵ hai²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nâm hái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hai⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /nʌm hʌi^X/

Rime
Character	南	海
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	那含切	呼改切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nʌm/	/hʌi^X/
Pan Wuyun	/nəm/	/həi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/nɒm/	/xɒi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nəm/	/həj^X/
Li Rong	/nᴀm/	/xᴀi^X/
Wang Li	/nɒm/	/xɒi^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/năm/	/xɑ̆i^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nán	hǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	naam⁴	hoi²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[ə]m m̥ˤəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*nuːm hmlɯːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	南	海
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nán	hǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ nom ›	‹ xoj^X ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁ[ə]m/	/m̥ˁəʔ/ (dialect m̥ˁ- > x-)
English	south	sea
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	南	海
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9355	9283
Phonetic component	南	母
Rime group	侵	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	南	海
Old Chinese	/*nuːm/	/*hmlɯːʔ/

Proper noun

南海

South China Sea
Nanhai (a lake in Zhongnanhai, Xicheng district, Beijing, China)
(～區, formerly ～縣) Nanhai (a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China; former county of Guangdong, China)
(～鎮) Nanhai (a town in Songzi, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)
(～鄉) Nanhai (a township in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)
(historical) (～郡) Nanhai, a commandery of imperial China

Synonyms

(South China Sea): 南中國海／南中国海 (Nán Zhōngguó Hǎi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
南	海
なん Grade: 2	かい Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
南海 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) なんかい [nàńkáí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [nã̠ŋka̠i]

Noun

南(なん)海(かい) • (nankai)

a southern sea
(specifically) South China Sea
Synonym: 南シナ海
Short for 南海道(なんかいどう) (nankaidō)

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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