shtua

Swahili

Verb

-shtua (infinitive kushtua)

to shock, startle

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shtua

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kushtua

kutoshtua

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

shtua

shtueni

Habitual

hushtua

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilishtua nalishtua	tulishtua twalishtua	ulishtua walishtua	mlishtua mwalishtua	alishtua	walishtua	ulishtua	ilishtua	lilishtua	yalishtua	kilishtua	vilishtua	ilishtua	zilishtua	ulishtua	kulishtua	palishtua	mulishtua
Relative	nilioshtua nalioshtua	tulioshtua twalioshtua	ulioshtua walioshtua	mlioshtua mwalioshtua	alioshtua	walioshtua	ulioshtua	ilioshtua	lilioshtua	yalioshtua	kilioshtua	vilioshtua	ilioshtua	zilioshtua	ulioshtua	kulioshtua	palioshtua	mulioshtua
Negative	sikushtua	hatukushtua	hukushtua	hamkushtua	hakushtua	hawakushtua	haukushtua	haikushtua	halikushtua	hayakushtua	hakikushtua	havikushtua	haikushtua	hazikushtua	haukushtua	hakukushtua	hapakushtua	hamukushtua

Present
Positive	ninashtua nashtua	tunashtua	unashtua	mnashtua	anashtua	wanashtua	unashtua	inashtua	linashtua	yanashtua	kinashtua	vinashtua	inashtua	zinashtua	unashtua	kunashtua	panashtua	munashtua
Relative	ninaoshtua naoshtua	tunaoshtua	unaoshtua	mnaoshtua	anaoshtua	wanaoshtua	unaoshtua	inaoshtua	linaoshtua	yanaoshtua	kinaoshtua	vinaoshtua	inaoshtua	zinaoshtua	unaoshtua	kunaoshtua	panaoshtua	munaoshtua
Negative	sishtui	hatushtui	hushtui	hamshtui	hashtui	hawashtui	haushtui	haishtui	halishtui	hayashtui	hakishtui	havishtui	haishtui	hazishtui	haushtui	hakushtui	hapashtui	hamushtui

Future
Positive	nitashtua	tutashtua	utashtua	mtashtua	atashtua	watashtua	utashtua	itashtua	litashtua	yatashtua	kitashtua	vitashtua	itashtua	zitashtua	utashtua	kutashtua	patashtua	mutashtua
Relative	nitakaoshtua	tutakaoshtua	utakaoshtua	mtakaoshtua	atakaoshtua	watakaoshtua	utakaoshtua	itakaoshtua	litakaoshtua	yatakaoshtua	kitakaoshtua	vitakaoshtua	itakaoshtua	zitakaoshtua	utakaoshtua	kutakaoshtua	patakaoshtua	mutakaoshtua
Negative	sitashtua	hatutashtua	hutashtua	hamtashtua	hatashtua	hawatashtua	hautashtua	haitashtua	halitashtua	hayatashtua	hakitashtua	havitashtua	haitashtua	hazitashtua	hautashtua	hakutashtua	hapatashtua	hamutashtua

Subjunctive
Positive	nishtue	tushtue	ushtue	mshtue	ashtue	washtue	ushtue	ishtue	lishtue	yashtue	kishtue	vishtue	ishtue	zishtue	ushtue	kushtue	pashtue	mushtue
Negative	nisishtue	tusishtue	usishtue	msishtue	asishtue	wasishtue	usishtue	isishtue	lisishtue	yasishtue	kisishtue	visishtue	isishtue	zisishtue	usishtue	kusishtue	pasishtue	musishtue

Present Conditional
Positive	ningeshtua	tungeshtua	ungeshtua	mngeshtua	angeshtua	wangeshtua	ungeshtua	ingeshtua	lingeshtua	yangeshtua	kingeshtua	vingeshtua	ingeshtua	zingeshtua	ungeshtua	kungeshtua	pangeshtua	mungeshtua
Negative	nisingeshtua singeshtua	tusingeshtua hatungeshtua	usingeshtua hungeshtua	msingeshtua hamngeshtua	asingeshtua hangeshtua	wasingeshtua hawangeshtua	usingeshtua haungeshtua	isingeshtua haingeshtua	lisingeshtua halingeshtua	yasingeshtua hayangeshtua	kisingeshtua hakingeshtua	visingeshtua havingeshtua	isingeshtua haingeshtua	zisingeshtua hazingeshtua	usingeshtua haungeshtua	kusingeshtua hakungeshtua	pasingeshtua hapangeshtua	musingeshtua hamungeshtua

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalishtua	tungalishtua	ungalishtua	mngalishtua	angalishtua	wangalishtua	ungalishtua	ingalishtua	lingalishtua	yangalishtua	kingalishtua	vingalishtua	ingalishtua	zingalishtua	ungalishtua	kungalishtua	pangalishtua	mungalishtua
Negative	nisingalishtua singalishtua	tusingalishtua hatungalishtua	usingalishtua hungalishtua	msingalishtua hamngalishtua	asingalishtua hangalishtua	wasingalishtua hawangalishtua	usingalishtua haungalishtua	isingalishtua haingalishtua	lisingalishtua halingalishtua	yasingalishtua hayangalishtua	kisingalishtua hakingalishtua	visingalishtua havingalishtua	isingalishtua haingalishtua	zisingalishtua hazingalishtua	usingalishtua haungalishtua	kusingalishtua hakungalishtua	pasingalishtua hapangalishtua	musingalishtua hamungalishtua

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelishtua	tungelishtua	ungelishtua	mngelishtua	angelishtua	wangelishtua	ungelishtua	ingelishtua	lingelishtua	yangelishtua	kingelishtua	vingelishtua	ingelishtua	zingelishtua	ungelishtua	kungelishtua	pangelishtua	mungelishtua

General Relative
Positive	nishtuao	tushtuao	ushtuao	mshtuao	ashtuao	washtuao	ushtuao	ishtuao	lishtuao	yashtuao	kishtuao	vishtuao	ishtuao	zishtuao	ushtuao	kushtuao	pashtuao	mushtuao
Negative	nisioshtua	tusioshtua	usioshtua	msioshtua	asioshtua	wasioshtua	usioshtua	isioshtua	lisioshtua	yasioshtua	kisioshtua	visioshtua	isioshtua	zisioshtua	usioshtua	kusioshtua	pasioshtua	musioshtua

Gnomic
Positive	nashtua	twashtua	washtua	mwashtua	ashtua	washtua	washtua	yashtua	lashtua	yashtua	chashtua	vyashtua	yashtua	zashtua	washtua	kwashtua	pashtua	mwashtua

Perfect
Positive	nimeshtua	tumeshtua	umeshtua	mmeshtua	ameshtua	wameshtua	umeshtua	imeshtua	limeshtua	yameshtua	kimeshtua	vimeshtua	imeshtua	zimeshtua	umeshtua	kumeshtua	pameshtua	mumeshtua

"Already"
Positive	nimeshashtua	tumeshashtua	umeshashtua	mmeshashtua	ameshashtua	wameshashtua	umeshashtua	imeshashtua	limeshashtua	yameshashtua	kimeshashtua	vimeshashtua	imeshashtua	zimeshashtua	umeshashtua	kumeshashtua	pameshashtua	mumeshashtua

"Not yet"
Negative	sijashtua	hatujashtua	hujashtua	hamjashtua	hajashtua	hawajashtua	haujashtua	haijashtua	halijashtua	hayajashtua	hakijashtua	havijashtua	haijashtua	hazijashtua	haujashtua	hakujashtua	hapajashtua	hamujashtua

"If/When"
Positive	nikishtua	tukishtua	ukishtua	mkishtua	akishtua	wakishtua	ukishtua	ikishtua	likishtua	yakishtua	kikishtua	vikishtua	ikishtua	zikishtua	ukishtua	kukishtua	pakishtua	mukishtua

"If not"
Negative	nisiposhtua	tusiposhtua	usiposhtua	msiposhtua	asiposhtua	wasiposhtua	usiposhtua	isiposhtua	lisiposhtua	yasiposhtua	kisiposhtua	visiposhtua	isiposhtua	zisiposhtua	usiposhtua	kusiposhtua	pasiposhtua	musiposhtua

Consecutive
Positive	nikashtua	tukashtua	ukashtua	mkashtua	akashtua	wakashtua	ukashtua	ikashtua	likashtua	yakashtua	kikashtua	vikashtua	ikashtua	zikashtua	ukashtua	kukashtua	pakashtua	mukashtua

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -shtulia
- Causative: -shtusha
- Stative: -shtuka

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