shtusha

Swahili

Verb

-shtusha (infinitive kushtusha)

Causative form of -shtua

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shtusha

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kushtusha

kutoshtusha

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

shtusha

shtusheni

Habitual

hushtusha

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilishtusha nalishtusha	tulishtusha twalishtusha	ulishtusha walishtusha	mlishtusha mwalishtusha	alishtusha	walishtusha	ulishtusha	ilishtusha	lilishtusha	yalishtusha	kilishtusha	vilishtusha	ilishtusha	zilishtusha	ulishtusha	kulishtusha	palishtusha	mulishtusha
Relative	nilioshtusha nalioshtusha	tulioshtusha twalioshtusha	ulioshtusha walioshtusha	mlioshtusha mwalioshtusha	alioshtusha	walioshtusha	ulioshtusha	ilioshtusha	lilioshtusha	yalioshtusha	kilioshtusha	vilioshtusha	ilioshtusha	zilioshtusha	ulioshtusha	kulioshtusha	palioshtusha	mulioshtusha
Negative	sikushtusha	hatukushtusha	hukushtusha	hamkushtusha	hakushtusha	hawakushtusha	haukushtusha	haikushtusha	halikushtusha	hayakushtusha	hakikushtusha	havikushtusha	haikushtusha	hazikushtusha	haukushtusha	hakukushtusha	hapakushtusha	hamukushtusha

Present
Positive	ninashtusha nashtusha	tunashtusha	unashtusha	mnashtusha	anashtusha	wanashtusha	unashtusha	inashtusha	linashtusha	yanashtusha	kinashtusha	vinashtusha	inashtusha	zinashtusha	unashtusha	kunashtusha	panashtusha	munashtusha
Relative	ninaoshtusha naoshtusha	tunaoshtusha	unaoshtusha	mnaoshtusha	anaoshtusha	wanaoshtusha	unaoshtusha	inaoshtusha	linaoshtusha	yanaoshtusha	kinaoshtusha	vinaoshtusha	inaoshtusha	zinaoshtusha	unaoshtusha	kunaoshtusha	panaoshtusha	munaoshtusha
Negative	sishtushi	hatushtushi	hushtushi	hamshtushi	hashtushi	hawashtushi	haushtushi	haishtushi	halishtushi	hayashtushi	hakishtushi	havishtushi	haishtushi	hazishtushi	haushtushi	hakushtushi	hapashtushi	hamushtushi

Future
Positive	nitashtusha	tutashtusha	utashtusha	mtashtusha	atashtusha	watashtusha	utashtusha	itashtusha	litashtusha	yatashtusha	kitashtusha	vitashtusha	itashtusha	zitashtusha	utashtusha	kutashtusha	patashtusha	mutashtusha
Relative	nitakaoshtusha	tutakaoshtusha	utakaoshtusha	mtakaoshtusha	atakaoshtusha	watakaoshtusha	utakaoshtusha	itakaoshtusha	litakaoshtusha	yatakaoshtusha	kitakaoshtusha	vitakaoshtusha	itakaoshtusha	zitakaoshtusha	utakaoshtusha	kutakaoshtusha	patakaoshtusha	mutakaoshtusha
Negative	sitashtusha	hatutashtusha	hutashtusha	hamtashtusha	hatashtusha	hawatashtusha	hautashtusha	haitashtusha	halitashtusha	hayatashtusha	hakitashtusha	havitashtusha	haitashtusha	hazitashtusha	hautashtusha	hakutashtusha	hapatashtusha	hamutashtusha

Subjunctive
Positive	nishtushe	tushtushe	ushtushe	mshtushe	ashtushe	washtushe	ushtushe	ishtushe	lishtushe	yashtushe	kishtushe	vishtushe	ishtushe	zishtushe	ushtushe	kushtushe	pashtushe	mushtushe
Negative	nisishtushe	tusishtushe	usishtushe	msishtushe	asishtushe	wasishtushe	usishtushe	isishtushe	lisishtushe	yasishtushe	kisishtushe	visishtushe	isishtushe	zisishtushe	usishtushe	kusishtushe	pasishtushe	musishtushe

Present Conditional
Positive	ningeshtusha	tungeshtusha	ungeshtusha	mngeshtusha	angeshtusha	wangeshtusha	ungeshtusha	ingeshtusha	lingeshtusha	yangeshtusha	kingeshtusha	vingeshtusha	ingeshtusha	zingeshtusha	ungeshtusha	kungeshtusha	pangeshtusha	mungeshtusha
Negative	nisingeshtusha singeshtusha	tusingeshtusha hatungeshtusha	usingeshtusha hungeshtusha	msingeshtusha hamngeshtusha	asingeshtusha hangeshtusha	wasingeshtusha hawangeshtusha	usingeshtusha haungeshtusha	isingeshtusha haingeshtusha	lisingeshtusha halingeshtusha	yasingeshtusha hayangeshtusha	kisingeshtusha hakingeshtusha	visingeshtusha havingeshtusha	isingeshtusha haingeshtusha	zisingeshtusha hazingeshtusha	usingeshtusha haungeshtusha	kusingeshtusha hakungeshtusha	pasingeshtusha hapangeshtusha	musingeshtusha hamungeshtusha

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalishtusha	tungalishtusha	ungalishtusha	mngalishtusha	angalishtusha	wangalishtusha	ungalishtusha	ingalishtusha	lingalishtusha	yangalishtusha	kingalishtusha	vingalishtusha	ingalishtusha	zingalishtusha	ungalishtusha	kungalishtusha	pangalishtusha	mungalishtusha
Negative	nisingalishtusha singalishtusha	tusingalishtusha hatungalishtusha	usingalishtusha hungalishtusha	msingalishtusha hamngalishtusha	asingalishtusha hangalishtusha	wasingalishtusha hawangalishtusha	usingalishtusha haungalishtusha	isingalishtusha haingalishtusha	lisingalishtusha halingalishtusha	yasingalishtusha hayangalishtusha	kisingalishtusha hakingalishtusha	visingalishtusha havingalishtusha	isingalishtusha haingalishtusha	zisingalishtusha hazingalishtusha	usingalishtusha haungalishtusha	kusingalishtusha hakungalishtusha	pasingalishtusha hapangalishtusha	musingalishtusha hamungalishtusha

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelishtusha	tungelishtusha	ungelishtusha	mngelishtusha	angelishtusha	wangelishtusha	ungelishtusha	ingelishtusha	lingelishtusha	yangelishtusha	kingelishtusha	vingelishtusha	ingelishtusha	zingelishtusha	ungelishtusha	kungelishtusha	pangelishtusha	mungelishtusha

General Relative
Positive	nishtushao	tushtushao	ushtushao	mshtushao	ashtushao	washtushao	ushtushao	ishtushao	lishtushao	yashtushao	kishtushao	vishtushao	ishtushao	zishtushao	ushtushao	kushtushao	pashtushao	mushtushao
Negative	nisioshtusha	tusioshtusha	usioshtusha	msioshtusha	asioshtusha	wasioshtusha	usioshtusha	isioshtusha	lisioshtusha	yasioshtusha	kisioshtusha	visioshtusha	isioshtusha	zisioshtusha	usioshtusha	kusioshtusha	pasioshtusha	musioshtusha

Gnomic
Positive	nashtusha	twashtusha	washtusha	mwashtusha	ashtusha	washtusha	washtusha	yashtusha	lashtusha	yashtusha	chashtusha	vyashtusha	yashtusha	zashtusha	washtusha	kwashtusha	pashtusha	mwashtusha

Perfect
Positive	nimeshtusha	tumeshtusha	umeshtusha	mmeshtusha	ameshtusha	wameshtusha	umeshtusha	imeshtusha	limeshtusha	yameshtusha	kimeshtusha	vimeshtusha	imeshtusha	zimeshtusha	umeshtusha	kumeshtusha	pameshtusha	mumeshtusha

"Already"
Positive	nimeshashtusha	tumeshashtusha	umeshashtusha	mmeshashtusha	ameshashtusha	wameshashtusha	umeshashtusha	imeshashtusha	limeshashtusha	yameshashtusha	kimeshashtusha	vimeshashtusha	imeshashtusha	zimeshashtusha	umeshashtusha	kumeshashtusha	pameshashtusha	mumeshashtusha

"Not yet"
Negative	sijashtusha	hatujashtusha	hujashtusha	hamjashtusha	hajashtusha	hawajashtusha	haujashtusha	haijashtusha	halijashtusha	hayajashtusha	hakijashtusha	havijashtusha	haijashtusha	hazijashtusha	haujashtusha	hakujashtusha	hapajashtusha	hamujashtusha

"If/When"
Positive	nikishtusha	tukishtusha	ukishtusha	mkishtusha	akishtusha	wakishtusha	ukishtusha	ikishtusha	likishtusha	yakishtusha	kikishtusha	vikishtusha	ikishtusha	zikishtusha	ukishtusha	kukishtusha	pakishtusha	mukishtusha

"If not"
Negative	nisiposhtusha	tusiposhtusha	usiposhtusha	msiposhtusha	asiposhtusha	wasiposhtusha	usiposhtusha	isiposhtusha	lisiposhtusha	yasiposhtusha	kisiposhtusha	visiposhtusha	isiposhtusha	zisiposhtusha	usiposhtusha	kusiposhtusha	pasiposhtusha	musiposhtusha

Consecutive
Positive	nikashtusha	tukashtusha	ukashtusha	mkashtusha	akashtusha	wakashtusha	ukashtusha	ikashtusha	likashtusha	yakashtusha	kikashtusha	vikashtusha	ikashtusha	zikashtusha	ukashtusha	kukashtusha	pakashtusha	mukashtusha

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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