sama
Bambara
Bikol Central
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: sa‧ma
- IPA(key): /ˈsama/
Derived terms
- makisama
- pakisama
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: sa‧ma
- IPA(key): /saˈmaʔ/
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsama]
- Audio:
(file) - Rhymes: -ama
- Hyphenation: sa‧ma
Derived terms
- samideano (“kindred spirit”)
- samkursano (“classmate”)
- samlandano (“countryman, compatriot”)
- samloke (“at the same location”)
Estonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Finnic *sama (“same”), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same, alike”), presumably from *sem- (“together, one”).
Cognate with Finnish sama, Norwegian Bokmål samme, Swedish samma, Danish samme, and English same.
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | sama | samad |
accusative | sama | samad |
genitive | sama | samade |
partitive | sama | samu samasid |
illative | samma samasse |
samadesse samusse |
inessive | samas | samades samus |
elative | samast | samadest samust |
allative | samale | samadele samule |
adessive | samal | samadel samul |
ablative | samalt | samadelt samult |
translative | samaks | samadeks samuks |
terminative | samani | samadeni |
essive | samana | samadena |
abessive | samata | samadeta |
comitative | samaga | samadega |
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *sama (compare Estonian sama, Karelian sama, Votic sama), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *samaz (compare Swedish samma, English same; also borrowed into Sami, compare Northern Sami seamma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑmɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
- Syllabification(key): sa‧ma
Declension
Declension of sama
|
Gothic
Hausa
Etymology
Cognate with Proto-Semitic *šamāy.
Icelandic
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsama/
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa.ma/
- Hyphenation: sa‧ma
- Rhymes: -a
Etymology 1
From Malay sama, from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *samás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”).
Adjective
sama
Derived terms
Regular affixed derivations:
- sama-sama [reduplication] (redup)
- bersama (“together”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)
- bersamaan [stative / habitual + repetition / reciprocity] (beR- + -an)
- menyamai [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
- menyamakan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- tersamai [agentless action + causative (locative) benefactive] (teR- + -i)
- persamaan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
- mempersamakan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive] (mempeR- + -kan)
- penyamaan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- kesamaan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- sesama [comparability] (se-)
See also
Further reading
- “sama” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *sama, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *samaz. Cognates include Finnish sama and Estonian sama.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑmɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈʃɑmɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
- Hyphenation: sa‧ma
Determiner
sama
- same
- 1936, L. G. Terehova; V. G. Erdeli, Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, transl., Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
- Kääntiimmä toisee poolee - neet samat riissat leenööt kuras poolees.
- We turn to the second side - these same objects are to our left side.
-
- selfsame
Declension
Declension of sama (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | sama | samat |
genitive | saman | sammoin |
partitive | sammaa | samoja |
illative | sammaa | sammoi |
inessive | samas | samois |
elative | samast | samoist |
allative | samalle | samoille |
adessive | samal | samoil |
ablative | samalt | samoilt |
translative | samaks | samoiks |
essive | samanna, sammaan | samoinna, sammoin |
exessive1) | samant | samoint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Synonyms
- (same): yks
Derived terms
Jamamadí
Latvian
Malay
Etymology
Several etymologies have been proposed:
- Borrowed from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *samás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”).
- Inherited from Proto-Malayic *sama, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate; alike; together with”).
The second etymology is believed to be more likely due to how cognates of this word can be found in Oceanic Austronesian languages that received little to no Indianisation.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sama/
- (Johor-Riau) IPA(key): [sämə]
- Rhymes: -ama, -ma, -a
Adjective
sama (Jawi spelling سام)
Derived terms
Regular affixed derivations:
- sesama [comparability] (se-)
- sama-sama [reduplication] (redup)
- bersama (“together”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)
- menyamai [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
- menyamakan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- memersamakan [causative passive + agent focus + causative benefactive] (peR- + meN- + -kan)
- kesamaan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- persamaan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
- penyamaan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- penyama [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
- ketidaksamaan
Further reading
- "sama" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
- “sama” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- Austronesian Comparative Dictionary - *sama
Old Norse
Etymology 1
Related to sœma, from Proto-Germanic *sōmijaną (“to fit”).
Conjugation
infinitive | sama | |
---|---|---|
present participle | samandi | |
past participle | samat | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | sami | samda |
2nd-person singular | samir | samdir |
3rd-person singular | samir | samdi |
1st-person plural | sǫmum | sǫmdum |
2nd-person plural | samið | sǫmduð |
3rd-person plural | sama | sǫmdu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | sama | semda |
2nd-person singular | samir | semdir |
3rd-person singular | sami | semdi |
1st-person plural | samim | semdim |
2nd-person plural | samið | semdið |
3rd-person plural | sami | semdi |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | sam | |
1st-person plural | sǫmum | |
2nd-person plural | samið |
infinitive | samask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | samandisk | |
past participle | samazk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | sǫmumk | sǫmdumk |
2nd-person singular | samisk | samdisk |
3rd-person singular | samisk | samdisk |
1st-person plural | sǫmumsk | sǫmdumsk |
2nd-person plural | samizk | sǫmduzk |
3rd-person plural | samask | sǫmdusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | samumk | semdumk |
2nd-person singular | samisk | semdisk |
3rd-person singular | samisk | semdisk |
1st-person plural | samimsk | semdimsk |
2nd-person plural | samizk | semdizk |
3rd-person plural | samisk | semdisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | samsk | |
1st-person plural | sǫmumsk | |
2nd-person plural | samizk |
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective
sama
- inflection of samr (“same”):
- strong feminine accusative singular
- strong masculine accusative plural
- weak masculine oblique singular
- weak feminine nominative singular
- weak neuter singular
Determiner
sama
Noun
sama
- inflection of sami:
- indefinite oblique singular
- indefinite accusative plural
- indefinite genitive plural
References
- “sama”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Pali
Alternative forms
Declension
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | samo | samā |
Accusative (second) | samaṃ | same |
Instrumental (third) | samena | samehi or samebhi |
Dative (fourth) | samassa or samāya or samatthaṃ | samānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | samasmā or samamhā or samā | samehi or samebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | samassa | samānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | samasmiṃ or samamhi or same | samesu |
Vocative (calling) | sama | samā |
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | samā | samāyo or samā |
Accusative (second) | samaṃ | samāyo or samā |
Instrumental (third) | samāya | samāhi or samābhi |
Dative (fourth) | samāya | samānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | samāya | samāhi or samābhi |
Genitive (sixth) | samāya | samānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | samāya or samāyaṃ | samāsu |
Vocative (calling) | same | samāyo or samā |
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | samaṃ | samāni |
Accusative (second) | samaṃ | samāni |
Instrumental (third) | samena | samehi or samebhi |
Dative (fourth) | samassa or samāya or samatthaṃ | samānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | samasmā or samamhā or samā | samehi or samebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | samassa | samānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | samasmiṃ or samamhi or same | samesu |
Vocative (calling) | sama | samāni |
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsa.ma/
- Rhymes: -ama
- Syllabification: sa‧ma
Quechua
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | sama | samakuna |
accusative | samata | samakunata |
dative | samaman | samakunaman |
genitive | samap | samakunap |
locative | samapi | samakunapi |
terminative | samakama | samakunakama |
ablative | samamanta | samakunamanta |
instrumental | samawan | samakunawan |
comitative | samantin | samakunantin |
abessive | samannaq | samakunannaq |
comparative | samahina | samakunahina |
causative | samarayku | samakunarayku |
benefactive | samapaq | samakunapaq |
associative | samapura | samakunapura |
distributive | samanka | samakunanka |
exclusive | samalla | samakunalla |
ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | samay | samaykuna |
accusative | samayta | samaykunata |
dative | samayman | samaykunaman |
genitive | samaypa | samaykunap |
locative | samaypi | samaykunapi |
terminative | samaykama | samaykunakama |
ablative | samaymanta | samaykunamanta |
instrumental | samaywan | samaykunawan |
comitative | samaynintin | samaykunantin |
abessive | samayninnaq | samaykunannaq |
comparative | samayhina | samaykunahina |
causative | samayrayku | samaykunarayku |
benefactive | samaypaq | samaykunapaq |
associative | samaypura | samaykunapura |
distributive | samayninka | samaykunanka |
exclusive | samaylla | samaykunalla |
qampa (your) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | samayki | samaykikuna |
accusative | samaykita | samaykikunata |
dative | samaykiman | samaykikunaman |
genitive | samaykipa | samaykikunap |
locative | samaykipi | samaykikunapi |
terminative | samaykikama | samaykikunakama |
ablative | samaykimanta | samaykikunamanta |
instrumental | samaykiwan | samaykikunawan |
comitative | samaykintin | samaykikunantin |
abessive | samaykinnaq | samaykikunannaq |
comparative | samaykihina | samaykikunahina |
causative | samaykirayku | samaykikunarayku |
benefactive | samaykipaq | samaykikunapaq |
associative | samaykipura | samaykikunapura |
distributive | samaykinka | samaykikunanka |
exclusive | samaykilla | samaykikunalla |
paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | saman | samankuna |
accusative | samanta | samankunata |
dative | samanman | samankunaman |
genitive | samanpa | samankunap |
locative | samanpi | samankunapi |
terminative | samankama | samankunakama |
ablative | samanmanta | samankunamanta |
instrumental | samanwan | samankunawan |
comitative | samanintin | samankunantin |
abessive | samanninnaq | samankunannaq |
comparative | samanhina | samankunahina |
causative | samanrayku | samankunarayku |
benefactive | samanpaq | samankunapaq |
associative | samanpura | samankunapura |
distributive | samaninka | samankunanka |
exclusive | samanlla | samankunalla |
ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | samanchik | samanchikkuna |
accusative | samanchikta | samanchikkunata |
dative | samanchikman | samanchikkunaman |
genitive | samanchikpa | samanchikkunap |
locative | samanchikpi | samanchikkunapi |
terminative | samanchikkama | samanchikkunakama |
ablative | samanchikmanta | samanchikkunamanta |
instrumental | samanchikwan | samanchikkunawan |
comitative | samanchiknintin | samanchikkunantin |
abessive | samanchikninnaq | samanchikkunannaq |
comparative | samanchikhina | samanchikkunahina |
causative | samanchikrayku | samanchikkunarayku |
benefactive | samanchikpaq | samanchikkunapaq |
associative | samanchikpura | samanchikkunapura |
distributive | samanchikninka | samanchikkunanka |
exclusive | samanchiklla | samanchikkunalla |
ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | samayku | samaykukuna |
accusative | samaykuta | samaykukunata |
dative | samaykuman | samaykukunaman |
genitive | samaykupa | samaykukunap |
locative | samaykupi | samaykukunapi |
terminative | samaykukama | samaykukunakama |
ablative | samaykumanta | samaykukunamanta |
instrumental | samaykuwan | samaykukunawan |
comitative | samaykuntin | samaykukunantin |
abessive | samaykunnaq | samaykukunannaq |
comparative | samaykuhina | samaykukunahina |
causative | samaykurayku | samaykukunarayku |
benefactive | samaykupaq | samaykukunapaq |
associative | samaykupura | samaykukunapura |
distributive | samaykunka | samaykukunanka |
exclusive | samaykulla | samaykukunalla |
qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | samaykichik | samaykichikkuna |
accusative | samaykichikta | samaykichikkunata |
dative | samaykichikman | samaykichikkunaman |
genitive | samaykichikpa | samaykichikkunap |
locative | samaykichikpi | samaykichikkunapi |
terminative | samaykichikkama | samaykichikkunakama |
ablative | samaykichikmanta | samaykichikkunamanta |
instrumental | samaykichikwan | samaykichikkunawan |
comitative | samaykichiknintin | samaykichikkunantin |
abessive | samaykichikninnaq | samaykichikkunannaq |
comparative | samaykichikhina | samaykichikkunahina |
causative | samaykichikrayku | samaykichikkunarayku |
benefactive | samaykichikpaq | samaykichikkunapaq |
associative | samaykichikpura | samaykichikkunapura |
distributive | samaykichikninka | samaykichikkunanka |
exclusive | samaykichiklla | samaykichikkunalla |
paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | samanku | samankukuna |
accusative | samankuta | samankukunata |
dative | samankuman | samankukunaman |
genitive | samankupa | samankukunap |
locative | samankupi | samankukunapi |
terminative | samankukama | samankukunakama |
ablative | samankumanta | samankukunamanta |
instrumental | samankuwan | samankukunawan |
comitative | samankuntin | samankukunantin |
abessive | samankunnaq | samankukunannaq |
comparative | samankuhina | samankukunahina |
causative | samankurayku | samankukunarayku |
benefactive | samankupaq | samankukunapaq |
associative | samankupura | samankukunapura |
distributive | samankunka | samankukunanka |
exclusive | samankulla | samankukunalla |
Tagalog
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”) with semantic change. Related to English same.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: sa‧ma
- IPA(key): /ˈsama/, [ˈsa.mɐ]
Noun
sama
Derived terms
- ang pagsasabi ng tapat ay pagsasama ng maluwat
- di-pagkakasama
- di-pagkasama
- di-pagsasama
- ipagsama
- isama
- kasa-kasama
- kasama
- kasamahan
- kasamahin
- kasama-sama
- magkakasama
- magkasama
- magpasama
- magsama
- magsamahan
- magsama-sama
- makasama
- makisama
- masamain
- pagkakasama
- pagkakasama-sama
- pagsama
- pagsamahin
- pagsama-samahin
- pagsasama
- pagsasamahan
- pagsasama-sama
- pakikisama
- pakisama
- pakisamahan
- pasamahan
- pasamahin
- samahan
- sama-sama
- sama-samahan
- sama-samahin
- sumama
- tagasama
Etymology 2
Either from Sanskrit विषम (viṣama, “unequal, wicked, wrong”) or Sanskrit दुःषम (duḥṣáma, “uneven, perverse, bad”).
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: sa‧ma
- IPA(key): /saˈmaʔ/, [sɐˈmaʔ]
Noun
samâ
- evil; wrongdoing; wickedness
- defect; fault
- Synonyms: depekto, kapintasan
- misfortune; bad luck
- Synonyms: kamalasan, kawalang-suwerte
- bad feeling (in certain expressions)
- resentment (used with loob)
- Synonyms: hinanakit, paghihinanakit, pagdaramdam
- bad quality (about something)
Derived terms
- di-makasasama
- ikasama
- kasamaan
- kasama-samaan
- magpakasama
- magpasama
- makasama
- masama
- masamain
- masamang-loob
- nakasasama
- napakasama
- pagkamasama
- pagkasama-sama
- pagpapasama
- pagsama
- pasamain
- pasamain ang loob
- sa kasamaang palad
- samaan ng loob
- samain
- samaing-kapalaran
- samaing-palad
- sama ng kalooban
- sama ng katawan
- sama ng loob
- suliranin ng kasamaan
- sumama
- sumama ang loob
- sumama ang pakiramdam
- sumama ang sikmura
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: sa‧ma
- IPA(key): /saˈma/, [sɐˈma]
Noun
samá
Ternate
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsa.ma]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsa.ma]
References
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *sama, from Proto-Germanic *samaz,
Pronunciation
- (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈsɑmɑ/, [ˈsɑmɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
- Hyphenation: sa‧ma
Inflection
Declension of sama (type III/jalkõ, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | sama | samad |
genitive | sama | samoje, samojõ, samoi |
partitive | samma | samoitõ, samoi |
illative | samma, sammasõ | samoje, samojõ, samoisõ |
inessive | samaz | samoiz |
elative | samassõ | samoissõ |
allative | samalõ | samoilõ |
adessive | samallõ | samoillõ |
ablative | samaltõ | samoiltõ |
translative | samassi | samoissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References
- V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), “sama”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2 edition, Tallinn