kos
Translingual
Afar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kos/
- Hyphenation: kos
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔs/
Audio (file)
Usage notes
The diminutive singular is rarely used, while the diminutive plural, kossies, is more commonly found in language used for infants and small children.
Albanian
Etymology
From a South Slavic language, compare Old Church Slavonic квасъ (kvasŭ, “sour dough, sour drink”), archaic Serbo-Croatian квас (“yeast”), Slovene kvas (“yeast”). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *kvasъ (“leaven, fermented drink”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔs/
Derived terms
- kosaxhi
References
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “kos”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 192
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkos]
- Rhymes: -os
- Homophone: koz
Etymology 1
From Old Czech kos, from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.
Declension
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Further reading
Danish
Hungarian
Etymology
Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries). Compare Turkish koç.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkoʃ]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: kos
- Rhymes: -oʃ
Noun
kos (plural kosok)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kos | kosok |
accusative | kost | kosokat |
dative | kosnak | kosoknak |
instrumental | kossal | kosokkal |
causal-final | kosért | kosokért |
translative | kossá | kosokká |
terminative | kosig | kosokig |
essive-formal | kosként | kosokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kosban | kosokban |
superessive | koson | kosokon |
adessive | kosnál | kosoknál |
illative | kosba | kosokba |
sublative | kosra | kosokra |
allative | koshoz | kosokhoz |
elative | kosból | kosokból |
delative | kosról | kosokról |
ablative | kostól | kosoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
kosé | kosoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
koséi | kosokéi |
Possessive forms of kos | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | kosom | kosaim |
2nd person sing. | kosod | kosaid |
3rd person sing. | kosa | kosai |
1st person plural | kosunk | kosaink |
2nd person plural | kosotok | kosaitok |
3rd person plural | kosuk | kosaik |
References
- kos in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- kos in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Indonesian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“I stand firm (at a price)”). Compare to Malay kos (“cost”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkɔs]
- Hyphenation: kos
Noun
kos (first-person possessive kosku, second-person possessive kosmu, third-person possessive kosnya)
Verb
kos
Derived terms
- berkos
- kosan
- kos-kosan
- mengekos
Further reading
- “kos” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Lower Sorbian
Malay
Etymology
From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“I stand firm (at a price)”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kos]
- Hyphenation: kos
- Rhymes: -os
Noun
kos (Jawi spelling کوس, plural kos-kos, informal 1st possessive kosku, 2nd possessive kosmu, 3rd possessive kosnya)
Derived terms
Regular affixed derivations:
- berkos [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
- pengekosan
References
- “kos” in Kamus Dewan Perdana, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2021, →ISBN, page 1159.
- “kos” in Kamus Bahasa Melayu Nusantara Edisi Kedua (‘Nusantara Malay Language Dictionary Second Edition’), Berakas: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, 2011, →ISBN, page 1421.
Further reading
- “kos” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
From the verb kose.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From the verb kose.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kuːs/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /koːs/
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔs/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔs
- Syllabification: kos
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.
Declension
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *kosъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kôːs/
Declension
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kos | kosa | koso | |
genitive | kosa | kose | kosa | |
dative | kosu | kosoj | kosu | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
kos kosa |
kosu | koso |
vocative | kos | kosa | koso | |
locative | kosu | kosoj | kosu | |
instrumental | kosim | kosom | kosim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | kosi | kose | kosa | |
genitive | kosih | kosih | kosih | |
dative | kosim(a) | kosim(a) | kosim(a) | |
accusative | kose | kose | kosa | |
vocative | kosi | kose | kosa | |
locative | kosim(a) | kosim(a) | kosim(a) | |
instrumental | kosim(a) | kosim(a) | kosim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kosi | kosa | koso | |
genitive | kosog(a) | kose | kosog(a) | |
dative | kosom(u/e) | kosoj | kosom(u/e) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
kosi kosog(a) |
kosu | koso |
vocative | kosi | kosa | koso | |
locative | kosom(e/u) | kosoj | kosom(e/u) | |
instrumental | kosim | kosom | kosim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | kosi | kose | kosa | |
genitive | kosih | kosih | kosih | |
dative | kosim(a) | kosim(a) | kosim(a) | |
accusative | kose | kose | kosa | |
vocative | kosi | kose | kosa | |
locative | kosim(a) | kosim(a) | kosim(a) | |
instrumental | kosim(a) | kosim(a) | kosim(a) |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *kosъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kôːs/
Declension
Slovene
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *kosъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kóːs/
Inflection
Hard | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nom. sing. | kós | kósa | kóso |
singular | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | kós ind kósi def |
kósa | kóso |
genitive | kósega | kóse | kósega |
dative | kósemu | kósi | kósemu |
accusative | nominativeinan or genitiveanim |
kóso | kóso |
locative | kósem | kósi | kósem |
instrumental | kósim | kóso | kósim |
dual | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | kósa | kósi | kósi |
genitive | kósih | kósih | kósih |
dative | kósima | kósima | kósima |
accusative | kósa | kósi | kósi |
locative | kósih | kósih | kósih |
instrumental | kósima | kósima | kósima |
plural | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | kósi | kóse | kósa |
genitive | kósih | kósih | kósih |
dative | kósim | kósim | kósim |
accusative | kóse | kóse | kósa |
locative | kósih | kósih | kósih |
instrumental | kósimi | kósimi | kósimi |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kóːs/
Inflection
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | kós | ||
gen. sing. | kósa | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
kós | kósa | kósi |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
kósa | kósov | kósov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
kósu | kósoma | kósom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
kós | kósa | kóse |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
kósu | kósih | kósih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
kósom | kósoma | kósi |
Etymology 3
From Proto-Slavic *kosъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kóːs/
Inflection
Masculine anim., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | kós | ||
gen. sing. | kósa | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
kós | kósa | kósi |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
kósa | kósov | kósov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
kósu | kósoma | kósom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
kósa | kósa | kóse |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
kósu | kósih | kósih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
kósom | kósoma | kósi |
Swedish
Noun
kos c
- (in some expressions) course (often away)
- Tjuven flydde sin kos
- The thief fled his course (fled)
- Fågeln flög sin kos
- The bird flew its course (flew away)
- att styra sin kos någonstans
- to head towards some place