karma
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”), first attested in English in 1827.
Pronunciation
- enPR: kärʹ-mə, IPA(key): /ˈkɑɹmə/
- (UK) IPA(key): [ˈkɑː.mə]
- (US) IPA(key): [ˈkɑɹ.mə]
- (Indian English) IPA(key): [ˈkəɾm(ə)]
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)mə
- Hyphenation: kar‧ma
- Homophones: cama, calmer (in non-rhotic accents)
Noun
karma (countable and uncountable, plural karmas)
- (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth.
- A force or law of nature which causes one to reap what one sows; destiny; fate.
- (uncommon) A distinctive feeling, aura, or atmosphere.
- 2001, Inside the Hits, page 307:
- That means everything from lighting to the vibes, the karma of the room.
- 2006, Chase Sargent, From Buddy to Boss, page 219:
- How many times when you have been in a bar have you felt that a confrontation was building up, even without extensive verbal exchanges? Sometimes you can feel the karma or energy of a place change, and you should not ignore that
- 2010, R.L. Roach, Irish Lie, page 135:
- On the way to Lancaster, which was about an hour and a half from Philly, John felt the karma.
- 2001, Inside the Hits, page 307:
- (Internet) A score assigned to a user or post on some discussion forums, indicating popularity or perceived value.
Derived terms
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
References
Afar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʌɾˈmʌ/
- Hyphenation: kar‧ma
Declension
Declension of karmá | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | karmá | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | karmá | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | karmá | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | karmá | |||||||||||||||||
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References
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “karma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Catalan
Pronunciation
Related terms
- kàrmic
Further reading
- “karma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑr.mɑ/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: kar‧ma
- Rhymes: -ɑrmɑ
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkarma]
- Rhymes: -arma
- Hyphenation: kar‧ma
Finnish
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”). Appears as headword on p. 341 of the Pieni Tietosanakirja ("Little Encyclopedia") from 1925-28, published by Otava, Helsinki.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑrmɑ/, [ˈkɑrmɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑrmɑ
- Syllabification(key): kar‧ma
Declension
Inflection of karma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | karma | karmat | |
genitive | karman | karmojen | |
partitive | karmaa | karmoja | |
illative | karmaan | karmoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | karma | karmat | |
accusative | nom. | karma | karmat |
gen. | karman | ||
genitive | karman | karmojen karmainrare | |
partitive | karmaa | karmoja | |
inessive | karmassa | karmoissa | |
elative | karmasta | karmoista | |
illative | karmaan | karmoihin | |
adessive | karmalla | karmoilla | |
ablative | karmalta | karmoilta | |
allative | karmalle | karmoille | |
essive | karmana | karmoina | |
translative | karmaksi | karmoiksi | |
instructive | — | karmoin | |
abessive | karmatta | karmoitta | |
comitative | — | karmoineen |
Possessive forms of karma (type kala) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | karmani | karmamme |
2nd person | karmasi | karmanne |
3rd person | karmansa |
French
Further reading
- “karma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkɒrmɒ]
- Hyphenation: kar‧ma
- Rhymes: -mɒ
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | karma | — |
accusative | karmát | — |
dative | karmának | — |
instrumental | karmával | — |
causal-final | karmáért | — |
translative | karmává | — |
terminative | karmáig | — |
essive-formal | karmaként | — |
essive-modal | karmául | — |
inessive | karmában | — |
superessive | karmán | — |
adessive | karmánál | — |
illative | karmába | — |
sublative | karmára | — |
allative | karmához | — |
elative | karmából | — |
delative | karmáról | — |
ablative | karmától | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
karmáé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
karmáéi | — |
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | karma | karmák |
accusative | karmát | karmákat |
dative | karmának | karmáknak |
instrumental | karmával | karmákkal |
causal-final | karmáért | karmákért |
translative | karmává | karmákká |
terminative | karmáig | karmákig |
essive-formal | karmaként | karmákként |
essive-modal | karmául | — |
inessive | karmában | karmákban |
superessive | karmán | karmákon |
adessive | karmánál | karmáknál |
illative | karmába | karmákba |
sublative | karmára | karmákra |
allative | karmához | karmákhoz |
elative | karmából | karmákból |
delative | karmáról | karmákról |
ablative | karmától | karmáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
karmáé | karmáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
karmáéi | karmákéi |
Derived terms
- karmikus
References
- Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkʰarma]
- Rhymes: -arma
Declension
n-w | singular | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | |
nominative | karma | karmað |
accusative | karma | karmað |
dative | karma | karmanu |
genitive | karma | karmans |
Indonesian
Etymology
From Sanskrit कर्म (karma), कर्मन् (karman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /karma/
- Hyphenation: kar‧ma
Noun
karma
Further reading
- “karma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, “act, action, performance”), from the root कृ (kṛ, “to do, make”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer- (“to do, make, build”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkar.ma/
- Rhymes: -arma
- Hyphenation: kàr‧ma
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkar.ma/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -arma
- Syllabification: kar‧ma
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъrmà.
Usage notes
The term karma is used for pets, whereas pasza is used for other domesticated animals such as livestock or poultry.
Declension
Declension
Romanian
Declension
singular | ||
---|---|---|
f gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
nominative/accusative | (o) karma | [[{{{def}}}#Romanian|{{{def}}}]] |
genitive/dative | (unei) [[{{{pl}}}#Romanian|{{{pl}}}]] | [[{{{pl}}}i#Romanian|{{{pl}}}i]] |
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kârma/
- Hyphenation: kar‧ma
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkaɾma/ [ˈkaɾ.ma]
- Rhymes: -aɾma
- Syllabification: kar‧ma
Related terms
Further reading
- “karma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaɾˈma/
Declension
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | karma | |
Definite accusative | karmayı | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | karma | karmalar |
Definite accusative | karmayı | karmaları |
Dative | karmaya | karmalara |
Locative | karmada | karmalarda |
Ablative | karmadan | karmalardan |
Genitive | karmanın | karmaların |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkaɾ.ma/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkaɾ.ma/
Noun
karma (definite accusative karmayı, plural karmalar)
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | karma | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | karmayı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | karma | karmalar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | karmayı | karmaları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | karmaya | karmalara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | karmada | karmalarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | karmadan | karmalardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | karmanın | karmaların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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