iris

From Middle English [Term?], from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”), possibly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *w(e)ih₁-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). If so, it would be cognate to English wire.

• enPR: ī'rĭs, IPA^(key): /ˈaɪ.ɹɪs/

• Audio (US)

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• Rhymes: -aɪɹɪs

A plant of the genus Iris.

Illustration showing parts of the human eye, including the iris.

iris (plural irises or iris or irides) (See Usage notes)

1. (botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
   • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 24962326, page 168:

     Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.

2. (anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
3. (photography, cinematography) A diaphragm used to regulate the size of a hole, especially as a way of controlling the amount of light reaching a lens.
4. (poetic) A rainbow, or other colourful refraction of light.
5. (electronics) A constricted opening in the path inside a waveguide, used to form a resonator.
6. (zoology) The inner circle of an oscillated color spot.

• For the part of the eye, the most common plural is irises, though irides is usual in medical contexts.
• For the flower both iris and irises are in common use.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:iris.

• Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

iris (third-person singular simple present irises, present participle irising, simple past and past participle irised)

1. (of an aperture, lens, or door) To open or close in the manner of an iris.
2. (literary) To cause (something) to shine with the colours of the rainbow; to make iridescent.

   Synonym: iridize

   • 1834, Jacob Abbott, The Corner-Stone, Boston: William Peirce, Chapter 1, p. 31,

     Pure, transparent, glistening in the sun, and irised by a thousand hues, which float and wave and spread in graceful and ceaseless motion on its surface!

   • 1987, Charles Tomlinson, “Winter Journey” in The Return, Oxford University Press, p. 35,

     The sun as it comes indoors out of space

     Has left a rainbow irising each glass—

     A refraction, caught then multiplied

     From the crystal tied within our window,

• irised

• Siri

• Hyphenation: i‧ris
• IPA^(key): /ʔiˈɾis/

irís

1. (anatomy) side of the body

   Synonyms: tagiliran, hirog

From Latin iris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ɾis/

iris m (plural iris)

1. iris (part of the eye)

• arc iris

• iridectomia
• iridi
• iridià
• irídic

• “iris” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Borrowed from Latin īris or Middle French iris (itself from Latin), from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

• IPA^(key): /ˈiː.rɪs/

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• Hyphenation: iris
• Homophone: Iris

iris f (plural irissen, diminutive irisje n)

1. (anatomy) iris (coloured part of the eye)

   Synonym: regenboogvlies

2. (botany) iris, plant of the genus Iris

• Audio

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iris

1. past of iri

Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

• IPA^(key): /i.ʁis/

• Audio

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iris m (plural iris)

1. iris

• iris d'eau

• “iris”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

• IPA^(key): /ˈiris/

iris

1. past of irar

iris (first-person possessive irisku, second-person possessive irismu, third-person possessive irisnya)

1. slice

mengiris

1. to slice

• IPA^(key): /ˈɪɾʲəʃ/

From Old Irish iris f (“a thong or strap (from which a shield, bag, etc. is suspended)”).

iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí or irseacha or irste)

1. strap, sling (for carrying)

• Alternative plural forms: irseacha, irste, irsteacha

From Old Irish iress (“religion, creed, the (true) faith”).

iris f (genitive singular irise)

1. (literary) belief, faith, religion

• ireas

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí)

1. Alternative form of oireas
2. magazine, journal

   Synonym: irisleabhar

3. gazette

• iriseoir m (“journalist”)
• iris mhíosúil f (“monthly magazine”)
• iris oifigiúil f (“official gazette”)
• iris trádála f (“trade journal”)

• iriseoireacht f (“journalism”)

iris m

1. inflection of ireas (“iris”):
   1. genitive/vocative singular
   2. nominative/dative plural

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “iris”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “iris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ires(s)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “iris” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “iris” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
• Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 43

Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.ris/
• Rhymes: -iris
• Hyphenation: ì‧ris

iris m or f (invariable)

1. iris (flower)

   Synonyms: giaggiolo, iride

• Risi, risi

From Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈiː.ris/, [ˈiːrɪs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ris/, [ˈiːris]

īris f (genitive īris or īridis); third declension

1. rainbow
   • 405, Jerome and others, Vulgate, Revelation 10:1

     et vīdī alium angelum fortem dēscendentem dē caelō amictum nūbe, et īris in capite eius, et faciēs eius erat ut sōl, et pedēs eius tamquam columna ignis

Third-declension noun (i-stem or imparisyllabic non-i-stem; two different stems).

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈiː.riːs/, [ˈiːriːs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ris/, [ˈiːris]

īrīs

1. dative/ablative plural of īra

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).

iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural iriser, definite plural irisene)

1. (botany) an iris (flower)
2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)

   Synonym: regnbuehinne

• “iris” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).

iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural irisar, definite plural irisane)

1. (botany) an iris (flower)
2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)

   Synonym: regnbogehinne

• “iris” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• IPA^(key): /ˈirʲisʲ/

iris

1. Alternative spelling of iriss: accusative/dative singular of ires

iris f (invariable)

1. Obsolete spelling of íris

Borrowed from French iris, Latin iris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

iris n (plural irisuri)

1. (anatomy) iris (of the eye)

iris n (plural iriși)

1. (botany) iris (flower)

   Synonyms: stânjenel, stânjen

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Irish iris.

iris f (genitive singular irise, plural irisean)

1. magazine, periodical

   Synonym: ràitheachan

Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

• IPA^(key): /ˈiɾis/ [ˈi.ɾis]
• Rhymes: -iɾis
• Syllabification: i‧ris

iris m (plural iris or írises)

1. (anatomy) iris

• arco iris
• músculo dilatador del iris

• íride
• iridio

• “iris”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014