Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yumurtka

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yum- (“stem for the round things”). Unclear relation with Proto-Tungusic *ụmụ̄kta (“egg”) which comes from the Proto-Tungusic *umū- (“to lay eggs”). According to the Altaists, Turkic *yumurtka is from the same root as Umay Ana (“Goddess of birth”), but it was later influenced by the Turkic stem *yum-.

It exists in almost every modern Turkic language except Uyghur. The reason for the deficiency in Uyghur is that they use تۇخۇم‎ (tuxum), which is a borrowing from an Iranic language.

Noun

*yumurtka

egg

Declension

Declension of *yumurtka

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*yumurtka
Accusative	yumurtkanï, yumurtkanïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*yumurtkanïŋ
Dative	*yumurtkaka
Locative	*yumurtkada
Ablative	*yumurtkadan
Instrumental ²⁾	*yumurtkan
Equative ²⁾	*yumurtkača

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫӑмарта (śămart̬a)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: yumurqa
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: yumurta
  - Ottoman Turkish: یومورطه‎‎ (yumurta), یومرطه‎ (yumurta), یومرده‎ (yumurda), یمورطه‎ (yumurta), یمورده‎ (yumurda)
    - Turkish: yumurta
    - Gagauz: yımırta
- Salar: yumurta
- Turkmen: ýumurtga
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: يِمِرْتْغا‎ (yïmïrtɣa)
  - Uzbek: yumurtqa (dialect)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: [script needed] (yumurtğa), [script needed] (yumurtqa)[1]
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: йомортҡа (yomortqa)
  - Tatar: йомырка (yomırka)
- Kipchak-Cuman:
  - Crimean Tatar: yumurta
  - Karachay-Balkar: джумуртха (cumurtxa)
  - Karaim: йымурта
  - Krymchak: йымырта
  - Kumyk: йымырткъа (yımırtqa)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: jumurtqa
    - Kazakh: жұмыртқа (jūmyrtqa)
    - Nogai: юмыртка (yumırtka)
  - Kyrgyz–Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: жумуртка (jumurtka)
    - Southern Altai: јымыртка (ǰïmïrtka)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yumurtğa)
  - Western Yugur: [script needed] (yomut)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: һыммыт
  - Yakut: сымыыт (sımııt)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: нюмурһа (ńumurha)
    - Tuvan: чуурга (çuurga)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: нымырха (nımırxa)
    - Shor: нубуртқа (nuburtqa) ,нуртқа (nurtqa)

References

Toparlı, Recep (2007) Kıpçak Türkçesi Sözlüğü‎, 2nd edition, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, →ISBN, page 330

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*jumurtka”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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[1] Toparlı, Recep (2007) Kıpçak Türkçesi Sözlüğü‎, 2nd edition, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, →ISBN, page 330

Foods - yẹ̄miĺčler, yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Barley	barley: *arpa	Pea	beans, peas: *burčak	Wheat	farro: bodu (>bodugay>*bogday “wheat”)
Jujube	jujube: *yidge	Strawberry	strawberry: *yidgelek	Apple	apple: *almïla
Hazelnuts	hazelnut: *bōńurï	Walnuts	walnut: *yaŋgak	Honey	honey: *bạl
Millet	millet: *tạrïg	Onion	onion: *sogan	Salt	salt: *tūŕ
Egg	egg: *yumurtka	Butter	butter: *yāg	Mushroom	mushroom: *kömbe